Earth History

Read the below article and hypothesize about how it would be possible for the same dinosaur fossils to be found on different continents.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/dinosaurs/8967459/Fossils-of-

dicynodont-discovered-on-every-continent.html

In notebook:Title- FossilsWrite your hypothesis

1. What observations from today support inferences about the Earth’s Geologic past?

Plate tectonics: the science of how the large pieces of the crust of Earth move

Continental drift: describes the drifting and sliding motion of the large pieces of Earth

Pangaea: name of a former supercontinent

Scientists think that the Earth was created about 5 billion years ago. At first, the Earth was just a ball of molten rock and gasses. As it began to cool, dense materials like iron sank down into its core. Lighter materials like compounds of oxygen and water rose toward the surface. That's why the Earth is made up of different layers -- as you can see in the cross section on the next slide.

The Earth is made up of layers. Scientists discovered this through the use of vibrations. What’s a vibration?

Hard and rigid, the crust is the outermost layer of the Earth

The crust is also the most narrow of the layers of the Earth. Measuring only an average of 20 miles deep under the continents.

The continental crust’s surface is where we breatheA lot of rock up to 25 miles deep.The oceanic crust is next doorIt’s 3-5 miles thick just below the ocean floor.

Earth’s surface: 70% H20.Where do you get all that water? Salty sea flow,fresh water’s in the glaciers, ice caps, and snow.

ChorusThrow your hands up for the layers of the earthThrow ‘em up for what’s below the surfaceThrow your hands up, and let’s discussThe inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Found between The Crust and The Mantle

Made up of The Crust and a little bit of The Upper Mantle

Divided into several constantly (slowly) moving plates of solid rock from which the continents and oceans are formed.

A section of The Upper Mantle on which The Lithosphere plates float

Made of a hot semiliquid material

Is divided into two regions. The Upper Mantle, and the Lower Mantle.

This layer is dense, hot and made of hot, semisolid rock.

Found directly below the crustAbout 1,800 miles thick.

ChorusThrow your hands up for the layers of the earthThrow ‘em up for what’s below the surfaceThrow your hands up, and let’s discussThe inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse IIThe mantle layer is the largest of the class.About half of our planet’s mass.The mantle is composed of very hot dense rocks,That move and flow, always on the go, they never lock,

Never stop, and they’re responsible for tectonic shiftPlease believe the Earth’s plates are adriftIt’s pretty thick and the heat is awesome1,600 at the top, 4,000 at the bottom

The core is divided into two regions. The Outer Core▪ The only liquid layer of the Earth▪ A sea of iron and nickel▪ 1,800-3,200 miles below the Earth’s surface▪ 1,400 miles thick

The Inner Core▪ Extremely Hot solid ball found in the center of

the Earth▪ 3,200-3,925 miles below the Earth’s surface▪ 750 miles in diameter

ChorusThrow your hands up for the layers of the earthThrow ‘em up for what’s below the surfaceThrow your hands up, and let’s discussThe inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse IThe layer we’ll discuss firstIs the central inner core, in the center of the earthA solid ball buried below the dirtWe believe it’s primarily metallic iron

You could never take a trip to the inner core, right?The heat will burn you up, 9,000º Fahrenheit4,000 miles below the Earth’s crustOne down three to go y’all.

1,800 miles from the tip topThe outer core is hard at work and it don’t stop.It’s busy spinning around the inner core, and listen,This steady movement causes Earth’s magnetism.

Ranging from 4 to 9,000 degrees,It contributes 1/5 of the heat flowin’ to you and me.It’s liquid metals that violently flowSo let it settle… and when you’re ready let me know. Just…

Here we go again…

This time I want you to listen to the details

What are fossils and what do they tell us about the past?

Go through each station and take notes on the different kinds of fossils you see there. Think about what those fossils could tell a scientist.

Answer your Check for Understanding #1 and turn in.

Complete some research on continental drift and fill in the provided graphic organizer.

Answer your Check for Understanding #2

Use the rock and fossil evidence to determine how the continents once fit together.

Read the article and Complete the Graphic Organizer.

Read the article about continental drift.

Quickly turn to your neighbor and summarize what you read.

Once you think you have a good summary, record it in your notebook.

Answer your Check for Understanding #3

Alfred Wegener proposed the idea of Continental Drift. He believed that all of the continents were once all together and have slowly drifted apart after Pangaea 200 million years ago.

Video Clip

BoundaryThe border between two tectonic plates.

Collision ZoneThe place where a collision between two continental plates crunches and folds the rocks at the boundary, lifting them up and leading to mountain formation.

Divergent BoundaryThe boundary that occurs where two plates are moving apart from each other.

Convergent BoundaryThe boundary that occurs where two plates are pushing toward each other.

Transform BoundaryThe boundary that occurs where two plates slide past each other.

FaultA crack or fracture in Earth's crust where two tectonic plates grind past each other in a horizontal direction.

RiftA dropped zone where two tectonic plates are pulling apart.

DO NOT EAT THE COOKIE!

Sliding Plate Over Asthenosphere▪ Use your cookie to demonstrate what this

looks like.

DO NOT EAT THE COOKIE!

Divergent Plate Boundary▪ Use your cookie to demonstrate what this looks

like.

DO NOT EAT THE COOKIE!

Convergent Plate Boundary▪ Use your cookie to demonstrate what this looks

like.

DO NOT EAT THE COOKIE!

Transform Plate Boundary▪ Use your cookie to demonstrate what this looks

like.

EAT THE COOKIE!

Numnumnumnum…

And draw what the different boundaries look like in your notebook.

On the iPads go to this website:http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/drift.html

Complete the worksheet as you work your way through the interactive.

Answer your Check for Understanding #4

Timeline Interactivehttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/

education/explorations/tours/geotime/gtpage1.html