Earth Science Review

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Earth Clues

W-E-D1

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Misc. Grab Bag

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$500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

Resources $100

What is the main requirement for a

resource to be considered renewable?

List examples of renewable resources.

Resources $100

Renewable resources can be replaced in a SHORT

amount of timeExamples: Soil, animals, water, oxygen, CO2, plants, wind, sun, ocean tides

Resources $200What is the main requirement for a

resource to be considered

nonrenwable? List examples of

nonrenewable resources.

Resources $200Nonrenewable resources

take a LONG time to be replaced (more than a lifetime to millions of years)

Examples: rocks, minerals, fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), gold, diamonds, gems

Resources $300

Name & describe all 5 renewable/alternative

resources that generate energy.

Resources $3001. Geothermal (geo=Earth; thermal=heat) –

energy generated from heat preserved within the Earth’s crust (remember – we only dig into the crust – we can not dig as far as the mantle)

2. Hydroelectric (hydro=water) – energy generated from the force of water in rivers, dams, & ocean tides

3. Wind – energy generated from windmills on wind farms

4. Biofuel (bio=life) – energy generated from decayed plants & animals

5. Solar – collecting the sun’s energy in solar panels

Resources $400

What are some of the pros/cons for using renewable

resources to generate energy?

Resources $400Pros: can be replenished in a short

amount of time & keeps us from using all of Earth’s fossil fuels

Cons: not all of them are clean for Earth (burning biofuels can cause pollution); most need special equipment to change the resource into energy we can use (can be very expensive)

Resources for $500

How are all fossil fuels formed? List

examples.

Resources for $500Fossil fuels come from buried dead/decayed organisms changed by increased heat & pressure from rock layers (takes longer than a lifetime to MILLIONS of years to form) **If FF don’t have enough heat, pressure, & time then they won’t form**

Examples:CoalPetroleum/OilNatural Gas

Earth’s Clues $100

How are sedimentary rocks

formed?

Earth’s Clues for $100

Sedimentary rocks are formed in

LAYERS of sand, minerals, and shells.

Eart

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The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer?

A How well each material mixes with garden soilB How well each mixture holds waterC How well each material supports plantsD How well each mixture keeps its texture when wet

The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer?

A How well each material mixes with garden soilB How well each mixture holds waterC How well each material supports plantsD How well each mixture keeps its texture when wet

Eart

h’s

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r $2

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Earth’s Clues for $300

Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the funnel was collected and measured. What can you determine about the soil samples from the data?

A Soil sample R retained the most water.B Soil sample T was the driest soil.C Soil sample Q has more organic matter.D Soil sample S was about half sand.

Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the funnel was collected and measured. What can you determine about the soil samples from the data?

A Soil sample R retained the most water. (Retained = kept water in soil – it has the smallest # so Soil R kept in the most water)B Soil sample T was the driest soil.C Soil sample Q has more organic matter.D Soil sample S was about half sand.

Earth’s Clues for $300

Earth’s Clues for $400

Why would these layers settle like this?

Layers settle in water based on the

density of the material. Silt would be the least dense &

the small rocks would be the most dense according to

this picture.

Earth’s Clues for $400

Earth’

s Cl

ues

for $

500

What information can be learned from looking at the illustration above?A Rings that are closer proves when the tree had very little rainB Rings that are farther apart proves when the tree received a lot of rain C This tree is over 15 years oldD All of the above

What information can be learned from looking at the illustration above?A Rings that are closer proves when the tree had very little rainB Rings that are farther apart proves when the tree received a lot of rain C This tree is over 15 years oldD All of the above

Earth’

s Cl

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for $

500

W-E-D 1 for $100

Define weathering & how long does it

usually take?

W-E-D 1 for $100

Weathering is the BREAKDOWN of the materials in Earth’s crust into smaller pieces (weathering leads to formation of new soil).**Weathering down of landforms usually takes a very LONG time (hundreds to millions of years)

W-E-D 1 for $200

Define erosion & list the 4 causes

of erosion.

W-E-D 1 for $200

Erosion is the process by which water, ice, wind, or

gravity MOVES fragments of rock and

soil

W-E-D 1 for $300

Define deposition & list examples.

W-E-D 1 for $300

Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in NEW locations.

Ex: deltas & sand dunes

W-E-D 1 for $400

What would probably be the cause of

change for this beach?

W-E-D 1 for $400

The waves erode (move) sand/dirt little by little back into the ocean

W-E-D 1 for $500

What could be the best way to document

changes to Earth over time efficiently?

W-E-D 1 for $500

Take lots of pictures over MANY, MANY years!

W-E-D 2 for $100

These rocks keep on getting smoother with time. Why?

W-E-D 2 for $100

The river the rocks are in is smoothing out the rocks (river is weathering down

the rocks)

W-E-D 2 for $200

What probably caused this

arch found in a desert to be shaped like

this?

W-E-D 2 for $200

The weathering & erosion of wind

W-E-D 2 for $300 Where a river meets an ocean – sediments are deposited. What is this

landform called?

W-E-D 2 for $300 DELTA – remember…deltas are due

to the deposition (building up) of sediments in a new location

W-E-D 2 for $400What is this glacier creating?

W-E-D 2 for $400

The glacier is carving out a glacial valley between mountains

W-E-D 2 for $500How can this sand dune

continue to grow?

W-E-D 2 for $500

Sand dunes grow by wind depositing/settling sand

particles

Misc. for $100 What would most likely cause this cliff to change

like this?

Misc. for $100The weathering down of rock by wind, water, ice, plant roots, and/or gravity.

Misc. for $200

Are all glaciers only white? Why or why

not?

Misc. for $200NO, most glaciers are actually

brownish/white because as they’re moving they are picking

up tiny sediments from the ground underneath. Those sediments get stuck in the

glaciers so glaciers become less white with time.

Misc. for $300How do canyons continue

to get deeper?

Misc. for $300

Canyons get deeper due to the river flowing through it. The river breaks/weathers down rock and

then carries/erodes the sediments away.

Misc. for $400

The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?A Layer 2B Layer 4C Layer 1D Layer 3• 

Misc. for $400

The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?A Layer 2B Layer 4C Layer 1D Layer 3• 

Misc. for $500A river delta is an area where sediments are deposited.The sediments in the river delta shown most likely come from the—A mountain rangeB desertC ocean floorD coastline

Misc. for $500A river delta is an area where sediments are deposited.The sediments in the river delta shown most likely come from the—A mountain rangeB desertC ocean floorD coastline

Grab Bag for $100

What are some of the clues that fossils can

provide for us about the past?

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Fossil clues:-what kind of environment used to be there

(desert, ocean, or forest)-what kind of animals used to live there-the climate in that area (based on the kinds

of animal fossils there)-what kind of food animals ate in that area

(based on the shape of their teeth)

Grab Bag for $200

List some of Earth’s events

that may change Earth very FAST.

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Can change Earth fast:

-volcanoes-earthquakes-rock slides-landslides

Grab Bag for $300

Burning coal, oil, or natural gas to make

energy is an example of what kind of resource?

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Burning coal, oil, or natural is an example of using Earth’s nonrenewable resources –

remember we want to conserve them. Once they’re gone – it will take hundreds to millions of years to get them

back!

Grab Bag for $400

Why do earthquakes and

volcanoes eruptions most

likely occur?

Grab Bag for $400

From the plate

movements in the crust. This occurs due to the unstable mantle.

Grab Bag for $500

Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon?

A An earthquakeB ErosionC DepositionD A volcano

Grab Bag for $500Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon?

A An earthquakeB ErosionC DepositionD A volcano**Erosion of the river shapes the canyon**