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Lisa Wald and Penelope NicholsUSGS Pasadena Madrona K-8
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
Global Distribution of Earthquakes
Lisa WaldUSGS Pasadena
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Plate Tectonics
Plate Boundaries
Three Types of Faults
Strike-SlipThrust
Normal
Strike-slip Fault Example
Normal Fault Example
Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquakeDecember 16, 1954
Strike-slip Fault Example
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
Thrust Fault Example
The San Andreas Fault
Thrust Fault Example
Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers EarthquakeTotal Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake
Rupture on a Fault
Depth
Into the
earth
Surface of the earth
Distance along the fault plane 100 km (60 miles)
Slip on an earthquake faultSlip on an earthquake fault
START
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0
Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0
What Controls the Level of Shaking?What Controls the Level of Shaking?
• Magnitude–More energy released
• Distance–Shaking decays with distance
• Local soils–amplify the shaking
Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”???
If the earth is shaking as a result of plate movement, volcanic activity, or an
explosion…
…Make predictions about what could happen before viewing the next slides
Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
KGO-TV News ABC-7
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting
Landers, CA 1992
Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
Niigata, Japan 1964
Earthquake Effects - Landslides
Turn again Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset);Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
Earthquake Effects - Fires
KGO-TV News ABC-7
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis
Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center
1957 Aleutian Tsunami
Seismic Waves
Earthquake Magnitude
M5
M6
M7
We can make predictions about WHERE earthquakes might occur
BUT WE CAN’T YET PREDICT WHEN!
Earthquake Location
Pacific-North American Plate Boundary
Think about what you can change in your room, home, school to:
1) Lessen the harm of an earthquake
2) Deal with the aftermath of an earthquake.
What do we do in case of an
earthquake?
Check this out…and work with your family to create a Disaster Kit and Plan
READY.GOV
Think smart: Think ahead.
Take action.