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Geologist
• A geologist is a scientist that studies the forces that shape earth’s surface
• 200 years ago was the start of geology
• Geology is fairly new
Rock
• The material that forms Earth’s surface
• Geologists study rocks
Forces that shape Earth
• Constructive
• Destructive
Constructive
• Building up
Ex. Construction
The building (MS) was changed constructively.
Constructive
• Mountain ranges forming(slowly)
• Over millions of years
Destructive
• Forces that slowly wear down the Earth’s surface
• Destroy =Destruction
Destructive
• Erosion by wind and water
• Think of our local beaches
Journey to the Center of the Earth
• Temperature increases
• Pressure increases
How do we know what inside Earth is like if we can’t travel through it?
• Scientist know this by studying seismic waves/data from earthquakes
If you took that journey you would find layers of the Earth
• Crust
• Mantel
• Core
Crust
• “skin” of earth• Like the shell of an egg or onion skin• VERY THIN!!!!!!• Includes land on bottom of ocean floor
– Thinnest under the ocean(basalt)– Thickest under mountains(granite)
• Is part of the lithosphere• Most abundant element oxygen then silicon
Lithosphere
• Lithosphere means stone
• Crust and uppermost mantle
• Rigid
• Contains plates
Oceanic vs. Continental Crust
Oceanic Continental
Under oceans Under continents
thinner thicker
Made of basalt(think salty ocean) Made of granite
More dense Less dense
Asthenosphere
• Gooey/bendable
• Plastic like rock
• Convection take place here
• Found in Upper mantle only
• NOT A LIQUID!!!!
• SOLID
Mantle
• A layer of hot rock
• is also part of the lithosphere
Core Center of the Earth)
• Inner core
• Outer core
Outer core• Acts like a thick liquid
Inner Core• dense ball of solid metal
• Heat source for convection
• Hotter than the sun
• Spins-creates earth’s magnetic shield
The Lithosphere
•
Crust and uppermost mantleFloats on the asthenosphereBroken into pieces- tectonic plates
Crust
• Crust part of the (Lithosphere)– Continental– Less dense – Oceanic– More dense
Mantle
– Upper Mantle called the asthenosphere