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Earth’s Natural Resources
Earth’s Natural Resources
Chapter 4Energy and Mineral ResourcesAlternative Energy ResourcesWind, Air, and Land ResourcesProtecting Resources
Chapter 4Energy and Mineral ResourcesAlternative Energy ResourcesWind, Air, and Land ResourcesProtecting Resources
Energy and Mineral Resources
Energy and Mineral Resources
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources. Renewable resource: replenished over a fairly short period of time.Ex’s)
Nonrenewable resources: takes millions of years to form and accumulate.Ex’s)
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources. Renewable resource: replenished over a fairly short period of time.Ex’s)
Nonrenewable resources: takes millions of years to form and accumulate.Ex’s)
Place a star on the renewables and an X on the
nonrenewables
Place a star on the renewables and an X on the
nonrenewables
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Renewable and Nonrenewable resources
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources Fossil Fuels: A hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. Coal Oil / Petroleum Natural Gas
Fossil Fuels: A hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. Coal Oil / Petroleum Natural Gas
CoalCoal
Passes through 4 stages of development.
Read page 95 in the text List the 4 stages of the development
of coal below.1. 2. 3. 4.
Passes through 4 stages of development.
Read page 95 in the text List the 4 stages of the development
of coal below.1. 2. 3. 4.
CoalCoal More than 70% of the coal mined today is used by powerplants to generate electricity.
Where is most of the coal located in Pa? What type of coal is located there?
Burning coal creates acid rain
More than 70% of the coal mined today is used by powerplants to generate electricity.
Where is most of the coal located in Pa? What type of coal is located there?
Burning coal creates acid rain
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Petroleum and Natural Gas
How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)
What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating to the surface?
Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.
How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)
What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating to the surface?
Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.
Tar SandsTar Sands
Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?
What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from tar sands?
Where is most of the worlds oil shales?
Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?
What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from tar sands?
Where is most of the worlds oil shales?
Formation of Mineral Deposits
Formation of Mineral Deposits
Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for $$$.
Some of the most important mineral deposits form through… igneous processes
As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the bottom
hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions As the water cools metallic ion separate out of solution
placer deposits Gold is popular placer deposit!
Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for $$$.
Some of the most important mineral deposits form through… igneous processes
As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the bottom
hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions As the water cools metallic ion separate out of solution
placer deposits Gold is popular placer deposit!
Nonmetallic mineral resources
Nonmetallic mineral resources
Divided into two groups Building materials Industrial minerals
Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.
Divided into two groups Building materials Industrial minerals
Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.
Alternative Energy Resources
Alternative Energy Resources
SolarNuclearWind
HydroelectricGeothermal
Tidal
SolarNuclearWind
HydroelectricGeothermal
Tidal
Using your textbook, outline each of the types of alternative energy resources on a
separate sheet of paper
Using your textbook, outline each of the types of alternative energy resources on a
separate sheet of paper• Your outline should be in the following format
1. Alternative Energy Source (e.g. Solar Energy)
• Renewable, or nonrenewable?
• Simple description of how it works to capture energy in your own words.
• Advantages
• List…
• Disadvantages
• List…
Water, Air, and Land Resources
Water, Air, and Land Resources
Nearly 71% of Earth’s surface is water! About 2% fresh water1.6% of fresh water is ice at the poles
Less than 1% of Earth’s fresh water is usable
Nearly 71% of Earth’s surface is water! About 2% fresh water1.6% of fresh water is ice at the poles
Less than 1% of Earth’s fresh water is usable
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Water PollutionWater Pollution
There are two types of water pollution1.Point source pollution
Comes from a known and specific location “You can point to it”
2.Nonpoint source pollution Does not have a specific point of origin Difficult to identify a specific source Runoff
Water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground
Largest source of water pollution in the United States!
There are two types of water pollution1.Point source pollution
Comes from a known and specific location “You can point to it”
2.Nonpoint source pollution Does not have a specific point of origin Difficult to identify a specific source Runoff
Water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground
Largest source of water pollution in the United States!
Point source or nonpoint sources of water
pollution?
Point source or nonpoint sources of water
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The Atmosphere - Earth’s Blanket of Air
The Atmosphere - Earth’s Blanket of Air
Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth Nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21% Trace gases - 1%
CO2
Argon
Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth Nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21% Trace gases - 1%
CO2
Argon
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Air PollutionAir Pollution
Pollution can change the chemical composition of the air disrupting natural cycles. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollutionMotor vehiclesCoal and oil fired powerplants
Pollution can change the chemical composition of the air disrupting natural cycles. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollutionMotor vehiclesCoal and oil fired powerplants
Burning fossil fuels releases…
Burning fossil fuels releases…
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•Carbon Monoxide
•Nitrogen Oxide
•Soot
•When they combine with water vapor in the air they create acid rain
•When they combine with sunlight smog is produced
Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun
The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the industrial revolution began in the 19th century
The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere (global warming)
CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun
The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the industrial revolution began in the 19th century
The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere (global warming)
Land ResourcesLand Resources
Land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources. How do land resources impact your daily life?Soil - to grow the food you eatForests - to build your home, furniture, paper…
Petroleum - Energy, plastics…Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket…
Removing and using these resources can take a heavy toll on the environment!
Land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources. How do land resources impact your daily life?Soil - to grow the food you eatForests - to build your home, furniture, paper…
Petroleum - Energy, plastics…Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket…
Removing and using these resources can take a heavy toll on the environment!
Strip mines - drastically changes
the landscape
Strip mines - drastically changes
the landscape
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•Destroys vegetation
•Causes soil erosion
•Creates pollution contaminating soil and water
•Destroys ecosystems
More damage to land resources…
More damage to land resources…
Agriculture extensive irrigation systems Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified food
Forestry - Removal of virgin forests Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species
Landfills and waste facilities Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground water
Agriculture extensive irrigation systems Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified food
Forestry - Removal of virgin forests Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species
Landfills and waste facilities Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground water
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Look it up… How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year? Year?
Day?
Hour?
Minute?
Second?
Look it up… How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year? Year?
Day?
Hour?
Minute?
Second?
Protecting ResourcesProtecting Resources
Each year we throw out about… 30 million cell phones 8 million TV’s 18 million computers Enough tires to circle the 3 times
Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!
We have 6% of the world’s population yet we produce 33% of the world’s garbage!
Each year we throw out about… 30 million cell phones 8 million TV’s 18 million computers Enough tires to circle the 3 times
Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!
We have 6% of the world’s population yet we produce 33% of the world’s garbage!
How can keep ourselves in check?
How can keep ourselves in check?
Many think conservation and pollution prevention are the answers. Conservation is the careful use of resources.
Pollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.
Many think conservation and pollution prevention are the answers. Conservation is the careful use of resources.
Pollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.
At your table, come up with 10 conservation methods you can use in
your daily lives.
At your table, come up with 10 conservation methods you can use in
your daily lives.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Keeping water clean and safe
Keeping water clean and safe
1970’s Government began passing laws to prevent and decrease pollution.Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA went after industries to reduce or eliminate point sources of pollution into surface waters.
Safe Drinking Water Act (1974): helped protect drinking water resources.
1970’s Government began passing laws to prevent and decrease pollution.Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA went after industries to reduce or eliminate point sources of pollution into surface waters.
Safe Drinking Water Act (1974): helped protect drinking water resources.
Protecting the AirProtecting the Air
In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act. Nations most important air pollution law Because of the CAA: motor vehicles and power plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion
Energy Conservation = Cleaner Air How does turning off the lights when you’re not using them decrease air pollution?
In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act. Nations most important air pollution law Because of the CAA: motor vehicles and power plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion
Energy Conservation = Cleaner Air How does turning off the lights when you’re not using them decrease air pollution?
Caring for Land Resources
Caring for Land Resources
Preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely! Farmers
Contour plowing: plowing across a hillside reduces runoff
Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as a last resort)
ForestrySelective cutting rather than clear cutting: preserves habitats and conserves resources
Preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely! Farmers
Contour plowing: plowing across a hillside reduces runoff
Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as a last resort)
ForestrySelective cutting rather than clear cutting: preserves habitats and conserves resources
What you can do to care for the landWhat you can do to care for the land
Start a compost pile! Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)
Conserve water, and electricity
The three R’s Reduce Reuse Recycle
Start a compost pile! Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)
Conserve water, and electricity
The three R’s Reduce Reuse Recycle