Earthwork & Volumes Spec Requirements End Areas End-area Volumes Borrow Pit Volumes Mass Diagrams Cost Estimates

Earthwork Specs Payment based on excavation (Cut)

Specs define methods for cut and fill Typically not paid for fill

Based on “Excavation measured in place as computed from survey notes” Not weighing, counting truck rounds Look for spec allowing contractor to

dispute volumes in a certain area

Excavation Specs Common excavation

Determined from survey notes Describes most of work

Rock/Muck Rock requires blasting Muck requires deep dig, granular fill Before/after volume survey

Haul Payments Volume payments - $/cy Excavation

Separate lines for common, rock , muck Free Haul - Stations Overhaul - $/cy-stations Borrow - $/cy

Covers cost of lease, haul, reclamation Waste - $/cy

End Areas Based on

Cross-sections

CL

Typical section Area – ft2

Cut Fill

Construction Grade Staking Based on “typical section” Stake centerline, slope “breakouts”

Slope Stakes

12’ + 4’(4) + 8’ + 6.3’(4) = 61.2’

Slope Staking

12’ + 3.7’(4) = 26.8’

End Area Calculations

End Area Calculations Level Sections

3-level Sections

5-level Sections

Other Sections

Triangular Sections

Level Sections

)()2

( cswcw

dcA

6.390)2

404.31(6.7)

2(

wdcA

6.390)5.16.740(6.7)( cswcA

3-Level Sections

)(2

)(4 rLrL dd

chh

wA

34.338)6.295.30(2

8.6)4.60.7(

4

40A

5-Level Sections

)(2

1rrLL dhdhcwA

2.258)3.277.61.239.6308.5(2

1A

Transition Sections

)(4

1)

2(2

1whh

wA

6.15)6.240(4

1cA 0.15)0.230(

4

1fA

End Area Calculations Planimeter Coordinate Calculations

Similar to coordinate area Start/end at same point

)()( 1121

iiii dfdfA

Coordinate Areas

Assign (0, 0)30 ‘ top, left shoulder (-15, 0)

15

0

0

0

8.25

2.7

20

8.8

7.14

0.7

0.0

0.8

0.18

1.8

0.24

3.9

1.29

4.9

15

0

0

0

Coordinate Calc Example

0

0

15

0

1.29

4.9

24

3.9

18

1.8

0

0.8

7.14

0.7

20

8.8

8.25

2.7

15

0

0

0

2.338

)15(0)1.29(0)24(4.9)18(3.9)0(1.8

)7.14(0.8)20(0.7)8.25(8.8)15(2.7

)15(4.9)1.29(3.9)24(1.8)18(0.8)0(0.7

)7.14(8.8)20(2.7)8.25(0)15(0

2

1

A

End-Area Volumes

AI = 390.6 ft2

AH = 338.3 ft2

AG = 144.8 ft2

AE = 15.6 ft2

AE = 15.0 ft2

AD = 113.2 ft2

AB = 258.2 ft2

AA = 338.2 ft2