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EAST ASIA III
(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)
THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE CHARACTERISTICS
– Great cities– Enormous consumption of raw materials– State-of-the-art industries– Voluminous exports– Global links– Trades surpluses– Rapid development
CHALLENGES– Social problems– Political uncertainties
– Vulnerabilities
•Transportation •Resources•Cities
JAPAN
JAPAN’SCORE AREA
OUTLINE OF JAPANESE HISTORY
600 - 800 Chinese cultural influence 1000 -1300 War, Medieval society
arises, shoguns evolve 1600 -1867 Tokugawa Shogunate,
isolation, foreigners and Christianity expelled, individualistic culture, emphasis on Shinto belief system
1853 - Commodore Perry acquires new treaties with the outside
MEIJI RESTORATION
1868 Rebellion brought in reformers Reinstated the emperor and began to
transform Japan from a Feudal society with pre-machine age technology to an industrial power
Adopted aspects of the British model Launched a systematic study of the
industrialized world Focus was on industrialization and education
system
EXPANSIONIST JAPAN
TAIWAN 1895 KOREA 1910 PACIFIC ISLANDS POST W.W.I MANCHURIA 1931 CHINA 1937 HONG KONG 1939 SOUTHEAST ASIA 1941
JAPAN’S POST WWII TRANSFORMATION
1945 –1952: Allied Occupation– Economic reshaping– Labor legislation– Constitution– Civil rights– Land reform– U.S. “Helping hand” policy
DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
LIFE EXPECTANCY - 2nd (22nd) INFANT MORTALITY - 1st (29th) GNP PER CAPITA - 3rd (6th) LITERACY RATE - 9th (6th) EDUCATIONAL RANK - 15th (2nd) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - 3rd (2nd)
– JAPAN VS (UNITED STATES)
POPULATION COMPARISONS
285
127
50
23
0
50
100
150
200
250
300M
ILL
ION
S
INDIA JAPAN
70+60-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-19
0-9
AGEMALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE
20 10 0 10 2030 15 0 3015
Percent of Population Percent of Population
POPULATION PROFILES
JAPAN’S AGE DISTRIBUTION
AGE GROUP
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION
0-14 Years 18.4% 14.9%
15-24 Years 15.4% 11.6%
25-64 Years 54.5% 49.6%
65+ Years 11.7% 23.9%
______________________________________________________
100%100%
1990 2025
SOURCE: UNITED NATIONS WORLD POPULATION
PROSPECTS 1990 (NEW YORK: UNITED NATIONS, 1991)
DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION
Total fertility rates
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
1.44
1.65
1.24
1.66
2.06
DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION
Population: 127.2 million Birth rate: 9 births/1,000 Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 Growth rate: 0.1% Doubling time: 462 years Net migration rate: -0.34 migrants
per 1,000 people
KOREA
KOREA
The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 74 million
Turbulent political history:– A dependency of China– A colony of Japan’s– Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied
Powers > WWII (1945)– Cease-fire line established in1953
NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS NORTH KOREA
– 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural
– Antiquated state enterprises– Inefficient, non-productive agriculture– Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China
SOUTH KOREA– 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly
urbanized– Modern factories– Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture– Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western
Europe
THE KOREAS
POPULATION 23,700,000
50,200,000
GNP (BILLIONS) $ 21.3 $ 508.3
GNP/CAPITA $ 920 $ 8,600
AGRICULTURE RESTRICTIVE GOOD
– (as % of GNP) 25 % 8 %
– (% work force) 36 % 21 %
LAND USE PATTERNS
RUGGED MOUNTAINSINDUSTRIAL AREAMAIN RICE PRODUCINGSECONDARY RICE PRODUCINGFREE TRADE ZONE
SEOUL Capital of Korea (late 1300s - early
1900s) 9.9 million people Located in the northwest corner of
South Korea – just south of the DMZ The urban-industrial center!
– Textiles, clothing, footwear, electronic goods
Vulnerabilities?
SEOUL
TAIWAN
TAIWAN Historical background:
– A Chinese province for centuries– Colonized by Japan in 1895– Returned to China > WWII– 1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the
US) fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC)
Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles
Population – 23.7 million 77% urbanized
FOUR ECONOMIC TIGERS
“TIGER”FormerState
Date of
Split
• SINGAPORE MALAYSIA 1965
• HONG KONG CHINA 1841
• TAIWAN CHINA 1949
• SOUTH KOREA KOREA 1952
THE FOUR TIGERS(ISSUES AND CONCERNS)
Vulnerability to Global Market Fluctuations Land Use Competition Urban Problems Environmental Degradation Political Questions Post Industrial Economy
EAST ASIA III
(CHAPTER 9: 473-491)