East Gippsland Uplands · PDF fileEast Gippsland Uplands bioregion ... %cover Character...

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layerrich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deepsandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCGround Fern 1 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treePS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004

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EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland -East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

Recruitment:Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian oroutwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 mtall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except wherefrequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground coveris normally fairly sparse.+ eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 15 / haBanksia serrata 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus willisii Jimmy’s Shining Peppermint

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate StringybarkEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintBanksia serrata Saw Banksia

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 30% MS Small Shrub 5 20% SS Medium Herb 2 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 6: Sand Heathland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 7: Clay Heathland

Description:Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. Dominated by heathy shrub species with or without a eucalyptoverstorey. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of landforms.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 40 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus conspicua Swamp Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 6 10% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Hakea sericea s.l. Bushy NeedlewoodMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Gompholobium huegelii Common Wedge-peaSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Lagenophora gracilis Slender Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Mitrasacme serpyllifolia Thyme MitrewortLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 7: Clay Heathland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion


Organic Litter:20% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats ordepressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range ofsedges, grasses and shrubs.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 2 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Hakea nodosa Yellow HakeaMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakSS Bauera rubioides Wiry BaueraPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Xyris operculata Tall Yellow-eyeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Tetraria capillaris Hair SedgeMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushMNG Baumea tetragona Square Twig-sedgeMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 8: Wet Heathland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion


Organic Litter:20% cover




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 14: Banksia Woodland

Description:Open scrub to open woodland to 10 m tall on well-drained Quaternary and Tertiary sandy soils. The overstorey is dominated bySaw Banksia Banksia serrata, sometimes with emergent eucalypts while the understorey is shrub-rich.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haBanksia serrata 50 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Banksia serrata Saw Banksia

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T Medium Shrub 10 25% MS Small Shrub 7 15% SS Large Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 5 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GF Scrambler or Climber 3 1% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 14: Banksia Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia terminalis Sunshine WattleMS Acacia suaveolens Sweet WattleSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Xanthorrhoea resinosa Spear Grass-treeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Patersonia glabrata Leafy Purple-flagMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 15: Limestone Box Forest

Description:Occurs on generally well developed terra rossa soils derived from Tertiary limestones that outcrop around coastal streams,gullies and lakes. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a tall shrub layer understorey and a grass and herb-rich ground layeron sheltered aspects but may be almost completely bare on drier aspects.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus botryoides Southern Mahogany

Eucalyptus baueriana Blue BoxEucalyptus bosistoana Coast Grey-boxEucalyptus tricarpa Red Ironbark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% T Medium Shrub 5 15% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Large Herb 2 1% LH Medium Herb 8 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GF Scrambler or Climber 6 10% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 15: Limestone Box Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Rapanea howittiana Mutton-woodT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Forest Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised bythe diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash

Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 16: Lowland Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Lomatia ilicifolia Holly LomatiaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading intocreeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts to 30 mtall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna GumEucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 11 30% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 9 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 5 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 19: Riparian Shrubland

Description:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rockycreeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after suchdisturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may beirregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common toriparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral specieswhich survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle

Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattle Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 25% MSLarge Herb 6 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Philotheca myoporoides Long-leaf Wax-flowerMS r Beyeria lasiocarpa Wallaby-bushSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden EverlastingLH Myriophyllum verrucosum Red Water-milfoilMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaLTG Lepidosperma urophorum Tailed Rapier-sedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Eragrostis parviflora Weeping Love-grassLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Cyperus sphaeroideus Globe KyllingaMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/flood – desirable period between flood events is 5 years.


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane high lowLH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge high lowMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high lowMH Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink high lowMH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vinca major Blue Periwinkle high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills toexposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor inform to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leavedshrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide muchcover.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle Gum

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Choretrum pauciflorum Dwarf Sour-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Acacia gunnii Ploughshare WattleSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Galium gaudichaudii Rough BedstrawMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfallareas and on shallow infertile soils. Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. Theunderstorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer isoften very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Eucalyptus consideniana Yertchuk Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% T Medium Shrub 6 30% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Medium Herb 5 5% MH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GF Scrambler or Climber 3 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina littoralis Black SheoakMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to mediumheight forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer includinga number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest ischaracterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite offern species.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus Gippsland Blue Gum

Eucalyptus bridgesiana But But Eucalyptus consideniana Yertchuk

Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle GumEucalyptus nortonii Silver Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 3 1% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Conyza albida Tall Fleabane high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas ofmoderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall openforest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbsand grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 13 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highSS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 24: Foothill Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range ofgeologies. The open overstorey to 20 m tall consists of a variety of eucalypts, often including one of the Ironbarkspecies. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer rangingfrom a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Ironbark

Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T Medium Shrub 4 20% MS Large Herb 2 1% LH Medium Herb 2 1% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGEpiphyte 1 1% EP Scrambler or Climber 3 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 50%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 24: Foothill Box Ironbark Forest -East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin EverlastingMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeEP Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub

Description:Only found on northerly and westerly slopes of mountains and valleys. Trees are not a prominent feature, often present only asemergents or forming a very open woodland. The small tree or tall shrub layer to 6 m tall is a dominant feature, often formingeven-aged stands of uniform height. The ground layer is generally sparse and species-poor due to low site quality and thedensity of the overstorey. Vines can be conspicuous in the understorey.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Acacia silvestris Red Wattle

Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 50%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Philotheca trachyphylla Rock Wax-flowerMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow orvirtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 5 mtall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poorexcept where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Ozothmanus conditus Pepper EverlastingMS Ozothamnus rogersianus Nunniong EverlastingSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grass



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - East Gippsland Uplandsbioregion



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level tomontane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses aswell as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns including occasional tree ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 10 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 29: Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sitesin gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent.Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubbyunderstorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Eucalyptus denticulata Errinundra Shining GumEucalyptus regnans Mountain AshEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 15% TRFEpiphyte 1 1% EPScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 30: Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leafT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora

Recruitment:Continuous (excepting Mountain Ash)


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall. Occurs in high rainfall areas protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understoreycharacterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haElaeocarpus/Atherosperma 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Elaeocarpus holopetalus Black Oliveberry

Atherosperma moschatum Southern Sassafras

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 6 25% GFTree Fern 2 25% TRFEpiphyte 2 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG r Uncinia nemoralis River Hook-sedgeMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Hymenophyllum flabellatum Shiny Filmy FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Parsonsia brownii Twining SilkpodSC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplandsbioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20m tall occurring along small streams. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above anunderstorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haAcmena smithii 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leafT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Notelaea venosa Large Mock-oliveMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberrySH Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt-fernLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Marsdenia rostrata Milk VineSC Cissus hypoglauca Jungle Grape



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 34: Dry Rainforest

Description:Open to closed non-eucalypt forest to 15 m tall. Occurs in areas of relatively low rainfall (750-900mm per annum) and primarilyconfined to topographic fire refuges most often associated with extensive cliffs, gorges and rock screes on northern andwestern aspects.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haVarious spp. 70 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leaf

Pittosporum bicolor Banyalla

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 5 20% GFTree Fern 2 30% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Prasophyllum odoratum Scented Leek-orchidMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Stackhousia monogyna Creamy StackhousiaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Parsonsia brownii Twining SilkpodSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 34: Dry Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heathswith sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs ontopographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low reliefmontane areas.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain GumEucalyptus denticulata Errinundra Shining Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% T Medium Shrub 7 20% MS Small Shrub 2 10% SS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 8 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GF Scrambler/Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Persoonia silvatica Forest GeebungMS Tasmannia xerophila ssp. robusta Errinundra PepperMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Drymophila cyanocarpa Turquoise BerryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas.Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Open forestto open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusualcombination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species which enjoy the increased moisture availablefrom cloud and fog drip.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% T Mallee Tree 1 1% MT Medium Shrub 6 20% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 9 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimeswith a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC ischaracterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland - East Gippsland Uplandsbioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations.Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical ofwet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety ofmoisture-dependent ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 4 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved PeppermintT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Lomatia myricoides River LomatiaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS k Leucopogon juniperinus Long-flower Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Forest/Hairy ButtercupMH v Wahlenbergia densifolia Fairy BluebellSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas.Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. Theoverstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provideshade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 30% TMedium Shrub 5 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 10% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Elaeocarpus holopetalus Black OliveberryMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montaneelevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but onthe larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges oftenassociated with creeks or river margins.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-gum Eucalyptus stellulata Black Sallee

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH r Gratiola nana Matted BrooklimeSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG r Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedgeLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Carex blakei Alpine SedgeMNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedgeMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowMH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennel high highMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradientsand in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organicmatter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of avariety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form asparse but diverse ground layer.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree

Understorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Gaultheria appressa Wax-berryMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchidPH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong RushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket – East Gippsland Uplandsbioregion



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland

Description:A sparse to dense dry shrubland that occurs above 1200 m where snow persists for long periods. Species diversity is relativelylow due to the harsh environment of long periods of low temperatures, the dominance of exposed rock and shallow, skeletalsoils. The dominant feature of this EVC is the dense, though sometimes patchy shrub-layer under scattered mallee-formeucalypts such as Black Sallee Eucalyptus stellulata, growing where soils accumulate in rock crevices. In the ground stratumherbs and grasses may be present in high numbers if the shrub layer is sparse.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Podolobium alpestre Alpine PodolobiumMS Bossiaea foliosa Leafy BossiaeaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Banksia canei Mountain BanksiaSS Baeckea ramosissima Rosy BaeckeaSS Leucopogon fraseri Sharp Beard-heathPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedLH Trachymene composita Parsnip TrachymeneMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Goodenia hederacea Ivy GoodeniaMH Erigeron pappocromus spp. agg. Violet FleabaneSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Deyeuxia scaberula Rough Bent-grassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high andsnow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. Alow, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of arich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Pultenaea forsythiana Prickly Bush-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Australian CarawayMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderatelyfertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understoreycharacterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoidsand herbs in the ground stratum.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Acacia terminalis Sunshine WattleSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flowerSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia ovata Broad-leaf StinkweedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial oralluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts,usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs,lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse andslightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus elata River Peppermint

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna GumEucalyptus globoidea White StringybarkEucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's BurrLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMS Prunus spp. Cherry Plum low highMS Rosa rubiginosa Briar Rose low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description:Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvialterraces. Characterised by a small tree or large shrub layer to 10 m tall over a dense medium shrub layer and a ground layer,which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids, grasses and herbs. Ferns can often be amajor component of the ground stratum and emergent eucalypts may be present.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris Tristaniopsis laurina Kanooka Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 10 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Lasiopetalum macrophyllum Shrubby Velvet-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Babingtonia pluriflora Tall BaeckeaSS k Leucopogon juniperinus Long-flower Beard-heathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Carex fascicularis Tassel SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF r Polystichum formosum Broad Shield-fernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locallydominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses andsedges in the ground layer.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 25% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Lycopus australis Australian GipsywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock GrassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland -East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest

Description:A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soiland moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus bridgesiana s.l. But But

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus consideniana Yertchuk

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 15% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 12 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Podolobium procumbens Trailing PodolobiumPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland

Description:Open woodland to 10 m tall or shrubland with scattered emergent eucalypts to 5 m tall occurring on steep, north facing aspectsassociated with limestone cliffs with an understorey dominated by medium shrubs. It is found at altitudes of 750 m above sealevel and receives a moderate rainfall of approximately over 700 mm per annum.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus nortonii Silver Bundy

Eucalyptus globulus Blue GumEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 45% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGScrambler or Climber 3 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland -East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT+ Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakT+ Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS K v Ozothamnus adnatus Winged EverlastingMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. lasiophylla Hairy BursariaMS R r Pomaderris oraria ssp. calcicola Limestone PomaderrisMS R r Pomaderris oraria Bassian PomaderrisSS r Pimelea flava ssp. dichotoma Diosma Rice-flowerSS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH r Arthropodium sp. 1 (robust glaucous) Tall Vanilla-lilyMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Galium migrans Wandering BedstrawSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassGF Pleurosorus rutifolius s.l. Blanket FernSC k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton VineSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis



Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowMH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Cardamine hirsuta s.l. Common Bitter-cress high lowMH Stellaria media Chickweed high lowMH Veronica persica Persian Speedwell high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high low

EVC 133_61: Treed Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland

East Gippsland Uplands Bioregion


Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/ha

60 cmEucalyptus spp. 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus globulus Southern Blue-gum

Eucalyptus nortonii Silver BundyEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:#Spp %Cover LF CodeLifeform

Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 10% T2

Medium Shrub 45% MS9

Small Shrub 1% SS2

Large Herb 5% LH5

Medium Herb 15% MH10

Small or Prostrate Herb 5% SH3

Large Tufted Graminoid 5% LTG2

Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 20% MTG7

Scrambler or Climber 1% SC3

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BL

Soil Crust 10% S/C

Description:Open woodland to 10 m tall or shrubland with scattered emergent eucalypts to 5 m tall occurring on steep, north facing aspectsassociated with limestone cliffs with an understorey dominated by medium shrubs. It is found at altitudes of 750 m above sea level andreceives a moderate rainfall of approximately over 700 mm per annum.

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 133_61: Treed Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

T Banksia marginata Silver Banksia

MS Bursaria spinosa subsp. lasiophylla Hairy Bursaria

MS Ozothamnus adnatus Winged Everlastingv

MS Pomaderris oraria Bassian Pomaderrisr

MS Pomaderris oraria subsp. calcicola Limestone Pomaderrisr

SS Pimelea flava subsp. dichotoma Diosma Rice-flowerr

SS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flower

LH Arthropodium sp. 1 (robust glaucous) Tall Vanilla-lilyr

LH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed

LH Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell

MH Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot

MH Galium migrans Wandering Bedstraw

MH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrel

SH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

SH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-ear

SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed

SH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort

LTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grass

LTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grass

LTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

MTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge

MTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass

MTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass

SC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

SC Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton Vinek

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:5 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSpear ThistleCirsium vulgareLH high highPimpernelAnagallis arvensisMH high lowPersian SpeedwellVeronica persicaMH high lowFern GrassCatapodium rigidumMTG high lowSlender CentauryCentaurium tenuiflorumLH high lowChickweedStellaria mediaMH high lowCommon Bitter-cressCardamine hirsuta s.l.MH high lowGarden DandelionTaraxacum officinale spp. agg.MH high lowCommon CentauryCentaurium erythraeaMH high lowSmall GoosegrassGalium muraleMH high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowCommon Sow-thistleSonchus oleraceusLH high lowVelvety PinkPetrorhagia dubiaMH high lowSweet BriarRosa rubiginosaMS low high

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 135: Gallery Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20 m tall occurring along the fringes of substantial streams that periodically flood. The understorey comprisesof a number of willowy shrubs that can withstand flooding while mature woody vines are generally absent.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haVarious spp. 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 135: Gallery Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 169: Dry Valley Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may containa range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-richgroundcover.



Eucalyptus globoidea White StringybarkEucalyptus muelleriana Yellow StringybarkEucalyptus polyanthemos Red BoxEucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l. But But

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden EverlastingLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Lepidosperma urophorum Tailed Rapier-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Imperata cylindrica Blady GrassMTG Austrodanthonia bipartita s.l. Leafy Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Entolasia marginata Bordered PanicMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Doodia australis Common Rasp-fernEP Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 175_61: Rainshadow Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component isusually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus albens White Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 4 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Brachychiton populneus ssp. populneus KurrajongMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Ozothamnus conditus Pepper EverlastingMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Lissanthe strigosa ssp. subulata Peach HeathPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Glycine tabacina s.l. Variable Glycine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175_61: Rainshadow Grassy Woodland -East Gippsland Uplands Bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 175_62: Limestone Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component isusually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on limestone-derived soils.



Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle GumEucalyptus viminalis s.l. Manna GumEucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175_62: Limestone Grassy Woodland –East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia implexa LightwoodT V v Acacia caerulescens Limestone Blue WattleMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s-burrMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Bothriochloa macra Red-leg GrassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Hedgehog GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high high



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall. Occurs on steep, eroding slopes in dry country above the Mitchell, Dargo and Tambo Rivers.Soils are skeletal though fertile and well-drained, with occasional rock outcropping which constantly erodes and falls into theriver where it undercuts steep slopes. The unconsolidated soils are partially due to low biomass in the vegetation, which doeslittle to bind the soil. This EVC carries a mixture of wet and dry species as river fogs and river margins provide increasedmoisture and hence the understorey consists of a mix of species common to both drier and wetter sites that do not usuallyoccur together.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus elata River Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 50%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia silvestris Red WattleMS Phyllanthus gunnii Shrubby SpurgeMS Philotheca trachyphylla Rock Wax-flowerMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Plectranthus parviflorus Cockspur FlowerMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Einadia hastata SaloopSH Oxalis chnoodes Plains Wood-sorrelMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton VineSC Marsdenia rostrata Milk Vine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Aphanes arvensis Parsley Piert high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist,shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates theground layer.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Eucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name T Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola Mountain Bent-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland

Description:Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated bygrasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived fromgranodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpineenvironments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaSS Grevillea australis Alpine GrevilleaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Hovea montana Alpine Rusty-podsPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Cotula alpina Alpine CotulaMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa costiniana Bog Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush


Organic Litter:10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest

Description:Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around 500m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes a varietyof Eucalypt species to 25 m tall. The dense mid stratum is comprised of medium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier anddamper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grasses and herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum

Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGGround Fern 2 15% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 318: Montane Swamp

Description:Forms in drainage-lines on wet alluviums at montane and sub-montane elevations where annual rainfall is in the order of 650-750 mm. The vegetation is virtually treeless but occasional eucalypt emergents may be present. Characterised by an openshrub layer and a ground layer with a diversity of sedges, grasses, herbs and ferns.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 15% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Baeckea utilis s.l. Mountain BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Epacris breviflora Drumstick HeathMS Hakea microcarpa Small-fruit HakeaSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Isolepis subtilissima Club-sedgeMTG Festuca asperula Graceful FescueMTG Poa costiniana Prickly Snow-grassMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fern










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 318: Montane Swamp - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, andreceives a high rainfall of almost 1110 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. Amixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diversenor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle Gum Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland -East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Choretrum pauciflorum Dwarf Sour-bushMS Leucopogon fletcheri ssp. brevisepalus Twin-flower Beard-heathSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Cerastium semidecandrum s.l. Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low



East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest

Description:Primarily occurs in gullies and along slopes, and soils are reasonably fertile colluvial loams. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tallwith a range of medium shrubs conspicuous in the mid-stratum. The ground stratum is dominated by a dense cover of grassesand a high diversity of tussock-forming graminoids and herbs. There is a diversity of vines and scramblers.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS r Beyeria lasiocarpa Wallaby-bushSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin EverlastingMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassEP Amyema spp. MistletoeSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low

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