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ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY(90-1800 A.C)

BY

SIR V. RAMESAM, Kt., B.AM B.L.

Rttind Judge of On Mains High Court

Editor qf" MutWs Hindu Law "

Jii*t Author of "St&lmmt to EUmmtory

K. MAHADEVANMYLAFORE, MADRAS

1946

PREFACE.

In this book I have attempted to give a sketch

of the history of the Andhra or Telugu countryfrom the earliest times up to the complete estab-

lishment of the British Sovereignty. The form

adopted by me is that of Chronological Tables,

similar to those adopted by Miss Mabel Duff

(Mrs. Rickmers) in her Chronology of India, Dr.

Burgess in his Chronology of Modern India and

in South Indian Historical Inscriptions by Mr.

Sewell, published by the Madras University.

The preparation of the book is mainly based

on Epigraphia Indica, 26 vols., South Indian

Inscriptions, 1 1 vols., and articles on Inscriptions in

Indian Journals. I am also indebted to Mr. B. V.

Krishna Rao's History of the Early Dynasties of

Andhra Desa and his articles on the Chronologyof the Eastern Chalukyas, for pp. i 16 and

17 30 respectively, though I ventured to differ

from him in a few matters relating to dates. For

the latter part of the book, SewelTs South Indian

Historical Inscriptions already mentioned has been

utilised, but it has to be used carefully in the light

of recent discoveries.

I crave the indulgence of my readers for anymistakes as the proof-sheet correcting was done

with defective eyesight.

Februaryy 1946.

PREFACE.

In this book I have attempted to give a sketch

of the history of the Andhra or Telugu countryfrom the earliest times up to the complete estab-

lishment of the British Sovereignty. The form

adopted by me is that of Chronological Tables,

similar to those adopted by Miss Mabel Duff

(Mrs. Rickmers) in her Chronology of India, Dr.

Burgess in his Chronology of Modern India and

in South Indian Historical Inscriptions by Mr.

Sewell, published by the Madras University.

The preparation of the book is mainly based

on Epigraphia Indica, 26 vols., South Indian

Inscriptions, 1 1 vols., and articles on Inscriptions in

Indian Journals. I am also indebted to Mr. B. V.

Krishna Rao's History of the Early Dynasties of

Andhra Desa and his articles on the Chronologyof the Eastern Chalukyas, for pp. i 16 and

17 30 respectively, though I ventured to differ

from him in a few matters relating to dates. For

the latter part of the book, SewelPs South Indian

Historical Inscriptions already mentioned has been

utilised, but it has to be used carefully in the light

of recent discoveries.

I crave the indulgence of my readers for anymistakes as the proof-sheet correcting was done

with defective eyesight.

February, 1946.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Early Dynasties . . I

Andhras . . i

Ikshvakus . . 3

Pallavas . . 5

Brihatpalayanas . . 6

Anandas or Kandaras . . 6

Salankayanas 6

Madharas 9

Vishnukundins nVasishthas 12

Gangas 12

Chalukya Conquest * . 15

Notes 16

Genealogical Tables . . 18

The Chalukyas . . 19

Gangeya Era . . 38

The Gangas . . 37

Cholas and E. Chalukyas . . 42

Chalukya Cholas , . 48The Gangas (a) . . 63

Kakatiyas . . 69Reddis . . 77

Viziayanagar . . 80

Gajapatis, Bahmani Sultans . . 84Golkonda . . 86

Nizam, French and British . . 91

Genealogical Tables - 93

Appendix I'

99

Appendix II *. . 100

INDEX ,, 107

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

1 Archaeological Report Epigraphy of Sou-

ARSIJthcrn India'

ASI Archaeological Survey of India.

ASSI Archaeological Survey of Southern India.

BV "1 Butterworth and Venugopal Chetty Ins-

B & Vj criptions of Nellore.

C. P. Copper Plates.

El Epigraphia Indica.

GE Gangeya Era.

IA Indian Antiquary.

IHQ, ,Indian Historical Quarterly.

JAHS Journal of Andhra Historical Society of

Rajahmundry .

JBAS Journal of'Bombay Branch of Royal Asiatic

Society.

JBRS Do. .

JTA Journal of Telugu Academy.K Kielhorn's list of inscriptions in Southern

India Appendix El. Vol. VII.L Luders' list of Brahmi inscriptions Appen-

dix El. Vol. X.Mad Mus Cat. Madras Museum Catalogue ofcopper plates

in the Madras Museum.R Rapson's list of inscriptions in the 'Andhra

Coins tic.3

(British Museum).S* 1. 1. South Indian Inscriptions.W. C. Western Chalukyas.

ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

EARLY DYNASTIES, 90-624 A.6.

THE earliest mention of the Andhras occurs in a passage of the

Aitareya Brahmana in which they were enumerated among the

tribes of the Deccan living on 'the fringe of Aryan civilization.

The date of the Brahmana according to Keith is 800-700 B.C.

The passage occurs in the latter portion of it, the date of which,

according to McDonnell and Rapson might be as late as 500 B.C.

They were next mentioned in the edicts of Asoka (the great

Mauryan emperor who ruled from 269-232 B.C.), in a manner

which seems to imply that whjile acknowledging the suzerainty of

Magadha they retained some degree of independence/ Theyfound in the decline of the Mauryan empire, soon after the death

of Asoka an opportunity of asserting their complete indepen-

dence.

Their kings were then known as the Andhras or Satavahanas

and some of them also bore the title of Satakarni. The Prakrit

form of Satavahana is Salivahana but there was no single king of

that name which was the name of the dynasty. The monumentsof the earlier kings were found north of Poona and had nothingto do with what is now known as the Andhra or Telugu Country.In later times the Andhra rulers eithpr extended their dominion

or were pushed by their northern neighbours to the south andthus their last kings ruled in what is known as the Andhra

country.

In some of the Puranas a list of 30 Andhra kiqgs was given

but it is enough to notice the name* of the last eight kings whomkd in the country between the lower Godavmry and the Kiatna

river*

ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

There is an inscription of the first at Nasik in the 24th yearof his reign. The following table shows all the available Andhra

inscriptions found in the Telugu country.

The first inscription relates to the construction of a reservoir andthe second records a gift to the Amaravati tope. THb third relates

to die establishment ofaxstaffwith a dhannachakra in the Dhara-

nikata%

monastery. The last relates to the gift by a minister.

Besidw Ac Purank lists and die above inscripdoai, thcte

are Andhra coins throwing light on their history* Coin* rf

Nos. i, 2, 3, 5 and 7 in the above list are Ibaad in the Godavaryand tbc KUtna Districts of the Madrw PrcdcncyandthcChandaDistrict of the Central Provinces. Coins of other ftfagi wboae

names sound Andhra but are not found in the Puranic lists were

found in the Guddapah and Anantapur Districts am) in South

India. Pulumavi's coins were also found in the Coromandel coast.

One issue, in lead, of his coins is interesting, in that it has on the

obverse a ship with two masts, and was evidently intended for

circulation on that coast. The coins were made of potin (an aBoyof copper, tin, lead and silver) lead, copper and silver. For

further information on those coins vide, Catalogue of Indian

Coins Andhras etc., by Rapson. (Br. Museum). Coins of India

byC. J. Brown (Heritage of India 'Series) 21. Indian Coins

by Rapson (Encyclopaedia of Indo-Iryan Research); JAHS. V. 57Andhra Coins by R. Subbarao. '

The coins of Siva-Sri show that he also was a Vasishthiputra.

Probabaly he was the son-in-law of the Mahakshatrapa king

Rudradaman whose Junagadh Inscription (R. 58) states that he

defeated the Satakarni twice but spared him on account of near

relationship. The. Andhras were Buddhists. The Amaravati

Stupa near Guntur was built by them probably begun by some

early king and afterwards extended by his successors. The stupa,

in later times, fell in ruins, and the sculptures were buried under

the ground and remained so until re-discovered at the end of the

18th century. Some of the fragments of sculpture were taken to

London and were placed in the British Museum. Most of the

others are now fixed up in the walls of the eastern gallery of the

Madras Museum. For further information on the stupa see (z)

ASSI. I. (=ASI. VI.) by Dr. Burgess and a monograph by.C. Sivaramamurthi. (Bulletin of the Madras Government

Museum).The rule of the above mentioned Andhras might have lasted

from c. 90-210 A.C.i

tkshvakns*

v When the Andhra rule fell into complete dcc^y it w^f

succeeded by that of a boi^ line ofJdngs kiiown ** ficsfavakits who

reigned in the Kistna and Gtmtor Districts *$ evidenced bya

ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

IKSHVAKU INSCRIPTIONS.

() Maharaja MadJiariptttra Sri Vira Puriaadatta son ofVwiitiputra ChanttmuUu

The inscription at Ramireddipalli refers to some private

pratiflhtha. That at Jaggayyapeta refers to the construction of

five pillars by a private family. There is an inscription at Gurazala

(Palnad Tk.) recording as gift of a field to the Lord of Halampuraon the iôth day of the 8th fortnight of Summer in the 4th year of

Sri Ruju Purisadatta. EL XXVI. 123.

(*)

*

Vasishtiputra Ehuvala Chantamula.

The Rentala Inscription records die construction by aOt&dtuuit of a stupa for the use of Buddha Sangha and a pillar.*" '

Tbff Nagarjunakonda inscriptions %vere due to the piety ofrtaiil;q<ms and princesses belonging to the royal house and

-"-=*? devotees of the Buddhist feith. The iascriotiomL

PALLAVA* J

three generations of rulers each being the son offals predecessor*

The second king Virapurisadatta married five queens ; his sister

married a Maha Senapati (or Commander-in-Ghief) and other

ladies of the royal family married other feudatory chiefiu Thefounder of the family Sri Vasishthiputra Chantamula was a Hindu

and performed Agnihotra, Agnishtoma, Aswamedha and Vajapeyasacrifices. The others were Buddhists. This rule lasted from

c. 210-260 A. G. Up to Jhe middle of the third century Buddhism

was flourishing in this part of the country.

PALLAVAS AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS.

The immediate successors of the Ikshvakus were the

Pallavas. Their origin has been very much discussed byIndian scholars but it is still obscure. The latest theory

that of Mr. ' B. V. Krishnarao is that their founder was a

son-in law of a prince of a collateral branch of the Andhras.

The plates found at Maidavolu (Guntur District) of

Yuvamaharaja Sivaskandavarman dated the 5th day 6th

fortnight ofsummer in the roth yeJr of the reign of the king

(father of the donor) record a grant ofthe village of Virparu

(Vipparla of Narsaraopet Taluk). The grant was issued

from Kanchi.v

El. VI. 84.

There is another grant of the same donor, after he

became the ruler, from the Bellary District. El. I. 2.

There is also a grant by Queen Charudevi wife of

Yuvamaharaja Buddh^varman. The' plates 'arc now in

'the British Museum. They come from Gunapadhcya,Kandukur Taluk, Nellore District. By this grant a field of

four} nivarthanas was granted to the God Narayana ofthe

Kuli-Mahataraka temple at Dalura (modern Davukiru).

The long mentioned in it was,Vijayaskandavannan and the

donor's son was mentioned asJhwlhya^t^ra. El, VIII. 143.

In the fragment of *' grant found at Darsi in the

Diitoto andi^wesrc fca 1L I.

6 ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

At this time a prince jof the Brithfttpalayana race was

ruling the region on the banks of the Kistna, Jayavarmanwho granted die village of Pantura in the District of

Kudurahara after making it an agraharam (Brahmadayam).The plates were found at Kondamudi in Tenali Taluk.

They were issued from his capital Kodura (modernKodur about to miles from Ghantasala) and it appears that

this town was mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy'as Kodoura, Pantura is the modern Paturu on the Kistna

river, in the same Taluk. The grant Was made on the first

day of the first fortnight of the winter season in the loth

year of his reign. , El. VI. 315.

After him, princes of the Ananda (or Kandara) familywere ruling in the Guntur District. The earliest grant ofthe family is that of Damodaravarman found at Matte-

padu, Guntur District. It was issued on the 13* day ofKarthika suddha in the 2nd year of his reign. He madetwo great (Maha danas or) gifts namely Hiranyagarbha,

Avtodhya-gosahasra. By this grant the village of Kangurttwas granted to a number of Hindus thoughfthe king was astetutch Buddhist. It was issued from his capital Kandaru-pura. This is the earliest instance of the occurrenceof the names of the Hindu lunar calendar months.

El. XVII. 328.

. A.C,' Further north, the Vengi kingdom (the region round

.300 EJlort) was being ruled by the Salankayana dynasty; thecurliest grant of this dynasty is t&e Ellore grant of Vijayiudevavarmaa-probably the founder. It was dated loth yearPpshya suddha xoth d^y and wai a grant of twenty nivar-tanas of land and a house site and it was issued from

. ...

The next grant consists of the Kanteni pkt fiset) refaringto Vljayatkandarama, afid datcrf^first ytryftis^l^fii&m Udar^thevaxCa

fmodern

BAMUDRAGUPTA

on the 1 5th day of the third fortnight of Hemantha in the

33rd year ofVijayaskandavaraaaM^pasthana. These grants show that the early Pallavat had their

capital at Kanchi but their territory extended to the modern

Ountur, Kurnool and Bellary Districts. EL XV, 247,

Bimhavarma, the eldest son of Vijayaskandavarmansucceeded the latter. He had no issue. So his youngerbrother Vishnugopavarman was nominated Ynvaraja.In this capacity he issued the Uruvapaili plates grantingtwo hundred nivarthanas of land in the village for the familyof Vishnuharadeva a descendant of the general Viriinu-

varmam. The villages of Kandukur, Kurapura and the

river Suprayoga are mentioned in the description of the

boundaries.^

IA. V. 173,

In a later grant (Chura plates below) Vishnugopa- c. 340yarman was described as a Maharaja showing that he had

succeeded his elder brother.

' About this time a great king of northern India, c. 360

Samudragupta, of the Gupta Dynasty who ruled from 330 to

375 invaded Southern India. A description of his invasion

by the court poet Harisena was inscribed on the Lat Pillar

of Allahabad below Asoka's incription. In this he was said

to have liberated Mahendra of Pishtapura (Pithapur) Swami-

datta of Kottura giri, Damara of Erandapalli Vishnugopaof Kanchi Hastivarman of Vengi, Ugrasena of Palakka and

other*. This inscription furnishes the important information

that Hastivarman (Salankayana) and Vishnugopavarman

(Pallava) were contemporaries of Samudragupta. Samudra-

gupta was a great king, a poet, a scholar a musician afad

a conqueror. In his time the epics Mlhabharatha and

Ramayana which had been written severaj centuries before

and abided toby interpolation received their final shape. Pro-

bably the knowledge of southern India derived by his in-

vasion was the basis for Kalidasa1* description of theinvasion

rfteuth India by Raghu in the U^vvpaw/ Either in his

_time oc *feat of hit succewrA fe*raod tchotar of Jus court

tent to Akxandria to ttudy aitronomy (Acn

8 ANDHOLA CHRONOLOC3Y.

with the result that the scanty account of the Indian astro*

nomy appearing in the Vedanga Jyothisha was suddenly

developed into a scientific system first appearing in the

Surya Siddhanta (c. 400 A.C.), still the basis of the astro*

nomical calculations in most parts of India. Further

results were obtained sometime after by Aryabhatta, (c. 499

A.C.) by Varahamihira (550 A.G.) by Brahmagupta astro-

noiper and mathematician (625 A.C.) and Bhaskara (1150

A.C.)* Since then Indian astronomy has ceased to make anyfurther progress*

0.364 Vishnugopa was succeeded by his son Simhavarman II

and the grants issued by him are shown in the following

table:

Grants of Pallavas Simhavarman II.

368 April 6th The date of a solar eclipse. By the first of

these grants the village was granted on the occasion of the

solar eclipse to a resident of Kundura. The eastern

boundary of the village was Kodikini (modern Koniki near

Qngole). The eastern bounday Ponukuparru ap4 the

othcFB cannot bcidcntified. TUs is the earliest instance

of a grant for Aneclipse and the only instance before

82^ A.O. This is also the earliest instance when an Indian

date can be converted into an English date by thd*help ofthe eclipse mentioned.

Vclivatti of the fourth grant is cither the tnadernVeweru where the ptetet were fijund orAldavafcm about

MADHARAS 9.

Nandivarmaa (Salankayana) the donor of the Kantcru

plates (first set) and son of Hastivarman was probably

contemporary with Simhavarman II JAHS. V* 21.

Vijayaviflhnugopavarman succeeded his father Simha-

varman II. In his tlhura plates Vishnugopavarman was

referred to as Maharaja. 1. XXIV. 137. c 380Chandavarman spn of Nandivarman (Salankayana)

was contemporary with him. (See entry under 550 for

the next Pallava grant.)

Vijayanandivarman (Salankayana) succeeded hisc 390father Chandavarman.

The grants issued by him are shown below :

By the first the village of Vedataluru-pallika in Kudra-

hara was granted to 107 persons and by the second 10

nivarthanas of land in each of the villages Prathur and

Munduru and 6 nivarthanas in each of the villages of

Chencheruvu and Kambaramcheruvu were granted. All

except Munduru have been identified.

The Ananda (or Kandara) king Attivarman issued thec. 400^

Gorantla plates granting 800 pattis of land in Tandikonda

and the village of Atukuru. Tandikonda is the modern Tadi-

konda 10 miles east of Guntur on the southern bank of the

Kistna. Autukur is the modern Gani-Autukuru on the

northern bank of the Kistna west of Bezwada. IA. IX. 109.

MADHATUfl Or KALINÂ.,Further qorth, princes of the Madharakula wene ruU&g

over Kalinga with their first capital at Piiht^pura alter

Mahendra mentioned m the AliaMabad pillar iiacription of

I* ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

was Madhavavarman L He was succeeded by bis son

Detfavarman and he in Bis turn was succeeded by his son

Madhavavannan II.

TOE VA3ISHTHAS.

Another family was meanwhile ruling in the Kalinga

country after the Madharas. They called themselves Vasish-

thas and were probably related to Madharas, as the

Madhara Saktivarman was called a Vasishtiputra. Thefirst ruler was Gunavannan. His son was Prabhanjana-vannan and the grandson was Ananthavarman. These

details are obtained from 2 copper plates issued by the last.

0.481 June igth. (i) Sringavarapukota plates issued from

Pishtapura on the 13* tithi coupled with DakshanayanaSankranthi granting the village of Kindeppa to a resident

of Achanta free of taxes. 1. XXIII. 56.

0.492 Jan - 10- (a) The Siripuram plates dated the full-moon

day of Magha in the Mahaaswayuja SamVatsara (the name .

of the year is in the Twelve-year cycle of Jupiter). The

plates were issued from the capital Devapura and under

this grant the village ofTontapura previously granted subjectto taxes was issued tax-free ; but we hear no more of this

dynasty, EL XXIV. 47.

495'^*e details about the first three, Vishnukundins are

obtained from the plates found at Ipur (Tenali Taluk,Guntur District) and issued by Madhavavaraan XI. In

this grant which was dated the 2 7th year, the seventh dayof the seventh fortnight of the rainy season the king wassaid to be residing at AmarapUra and was described as

Thrikutamalayadhipathi and Bhagavatsriparvatha-Swami-

padapiidhyatha and-Us grandfather the founder was said

to have performed the Aswamedhas and many Agnistomas.EL XVII. s$7.

0.4,98A new line of king* called

'

the Gangas suc-

sotod tht- Valiithw ia tb JUttnga mmry. Tfcey

yean from >*n era caUed the Gageya 0*4 Hie

ww probably 496 A. a Theby &>!**** the *>tem Ougal, k

GAHOAS

distinguish them from the Western Garigas who lmfed in

the Anahtapur and Mysore territories but they will be

referred to as Gangas simply in this account as no reference

will be made to the Western Gangas hereafter*

The Vishnukundin king Ihdravarman alia! Indra- c.

bhattaraka issued the Ramatheeratham plates granting the

village of Peruvadaka, Plaki Vishaya dated 2yth year Jyestha2nd fortnight yth day. In this his father was described as

Vikramendravarman and grandfather as Madhavavarman

probably, this founder of the family. If this supposition

is correct, Indrabhattaraka would be a cousin of Madhava-varman II. 1. XII. 133.

April 17. The Ganga Indravartnan son of Mitavarman c. 537issued on the 2ist day of Vaisakha in the 39th year of the

Gangeya era the Jirjingi plates granting the said village

in the Vonkarabhoga from his capital Dantapura.El. XXV. 281.

This is the first instance of the use of an era in

South India. No reference was made to the Vishnukundin

in the grant.

The growing power of the Vishnukundins roused the c. 538

jealousy and hatred of the neighbouring princes including

Prithivimula son of Prabhakara and they formed a con-

federacy to destroy the Vishnukundin power. Led by the

Ganga Indravarman they attacked the Vishnukundin Indra-

bhattarka and a great battle was fought in which the

Vishnukundin king was defeated and slain. x The details of

this battle were given vividly in the Godavary grant of

Prithivimula which was issued in the 25th year Vaisakha 13.

IA. X. 264. JB. AS. XVI, 114.

Though the Vishnukundin Indrabhattraka was slain c* 547

the power of the family was not crushed. It was revived byhis son Vikrftmtodravftnnan who defeated the Gangat.He iasued die Chikkulla plates on the fifth day of the eighth

fortnight ofsummer loth year. It was stated in thii grant

thM he uikkrtook the taskofr^^ yet a

boy(Saiava). Uwtcr fc> a *iJlafe was grated for the

fg ANDKRA CHRONOLOGY.\

Yuvaraj. The Indian date given in it corresponds to aist

October 617. . (IA. XI ,\ 309).

These facts show that the use of the Saka era was broughtto Southern India by the Chalukyas from the North, where,it had been previously used by the Kshatrapas (Satraps), in

the Kathiawar, and Gujarat in the first three centuries A.G.

c Pulikesin II conquered the Vengi country (the modern~

.2>Godavary and Kistna Districts) and left it in charge of his

brother Kubjavishnuvardhana.

It will be noted that from go to 536 A.C. no era was

cited in any of the grants or inscriptions of the Telugu

Country. The Saka era was unknown. As will be seen

later on, it was first used in the Telugu country only in 892A.G. The week and the week days were also unknown.

The Kalinga country was not included in the conquestof the Vengi country by Pulikesin II.

1 NOTES.NOTE. i.

The date of Gautamiputra Satakarni Prof. Rapsonin his Introduction to the Catalogue of Indian Coins

(Br. Museum) XXVI. Section 33 says that the i8th yearof Gautamitputra may be fixed as i24+x. This conclusion

was based on two suppositions :

(i) The last recorded date of Nahapana (Kshaha-

rata)- 46 must be referred to the Saka era and is equivalent

tp 124 A.C. (s) Gautamiputra conquered Nahapana soon

after. Both these suppositions are untenable. The authors

of the Cambridge" Shorter History of India "

are of

opinion that ''the era employed by Nahapana or rather

by his son-in-law cannot be the Saka Era and mu*t datefrom an earlier period ". (p. 82).

The second supposition also is refuted by the greatJoghalthembi find of 13,000 coins ofNahapana withdrawnfrom circulation and rcstruck by Gautamiputra. It wassome successor of Nahapao* and not Nahapana hiraadf tfcatwag conquered by Gautamiputra. Xbo4a$e assed by theCambridge authors for the beguiling of

reign 90 A.C. if ** good at any otfar 4*** that can be

Thedateofthe Polamuru grant of Viff

vavarman III. This date could not be 594 A.C. for if this

was the date of the grant his reign must have commencedin 547 A.C. when he -was an infant. The battle in whichIndrabhattaraka was killed must have taken place after the

date of the Jirjingi plates of Ganga Indravarman which donot refer to it i.e., after April 537. If Vikramendraisarman

succeeded him then " as a child" i.e., perhaps as a boyof 15 (Vide his Ghikkulla plates) a grandson could not have

been born to him in 10 years more Le. $ in 547 A.C. More*

over, the donees under the two Polamuru grants being father

and son, the interval between the grants (61 years) would be

too long. Therefore, the year of the first PJoajnuru grantmust be the only other possible year namely 62 z A.C.

This is consistent with the Chalukya conquest in or about 624the initial year of Kubjavishnuvardhana's reign.

ANDHJtA

GENEALOGICAL TABLES.IKSHAVAKUS. c. 910-060 A.G. PALLAVAS.(1)260-400 AO.

Bappa ftl*M Kumara Vishauw

Vira Ptuittdatta. Sivaakandavarman.

IShuvala Ck^faroula t Viravannan.

I

Vijayaikandavannan. Yuvaraja. m

Gharudevi.inyifMit Yuvaraja *|

Afterwards > Vkhnugopavarman. BudhyankunuMaharaja. J |

Simhavarman II.

Vijaya Viihnugopavarman.(2) (CHANDALUR PLATES) c. 460-550 A.C.Skandavannan.

Ktunara Vishnu II.

Buddhavarman.

Kumaraviahnu II.

SALANKAYAJNAS. (300-430 A.C.). VASISHTHAS.Vljayadcvavannan.Vijaymikandavannan. Gunavarman.

Hastivarman.|

I Prabhanjanavannan.Nandivarman,

|

I Anantavannan.Cflhfwd^vnrnrmp T

i9

Vyayanandivarman. Other sons.

VISHNUKUNDINS. 440-623^0.Madhavavarman. I.

r" ^r

Devavarman. Vikn*

Madhavavannan II.

Indravarman alias Indrabhattarmkju (d. c. 537).

\^kramcndravarman, (c.

Govindavarman.

Madhavavannan IIL (574 6*3).

. THE CHALUKYAS FROM 6241076 A.U,

(Kubja) Viihnuvardhana I.

Kubjavishnuvardhana began to rule the Tclugu country.

Oct. 10. The date of the c. p. grant of Pulikcsin 0.631

referring to"Duvaraj

"(Yuvaraja^ found at Kopparam in

the Narsaraopct taluk, Guntur district. Under this grant

a field of 800 nivarthanas in the village of Irbuli in the

Kannarashtra was given to a resident of Mugamuru (modern

Mungamuru in the Nellore district). The field lay to the

south of the road to Kondaverupur and to the north of the

road to Virparu. It has already7

been mentioned that

Virpara is modern Vipparla. The other village has been

identified with the modern Kondavidu in the same taluk.

The grant contains the first instance of the use of the

week day in South India i.e., below the Vindhyefe.

El. XVIII. 257.

Hence-forward the history of the Eastern branch of

the Ghalukyas is separate from that of the Western branch.

The kings of the former branch had_ their capital at Vengi

(modern Pedavegi near Ellore) The M. Museum plates (found

at Thimmapuram in die Sarvasiddhi taluk Vizag. district)

record a grant of 4 nivarthanas of land in the fields on

the eastern side of the village of Kummulur in the Palaki

Vishaya (Vishaya means district) to 40 persons. Kummuluris probably the modern Peda or China Gummulur near the

Narsipatam Road Railway station. The grant was issued

from Pishthapura. Mad. Mus. Cat. E.C.I., El. IX. 317.

About this time the famous Chinese traveller Hiouenc.636

Thsang passed through the Tclugu country. He left China,

in 629 and returned in 645. He certainly passed through

Vengi, Dharanikota, Amaravati and Srisailam. For an

account of his observations on these places See Appen-dix i.

July 27. Hie date of a grant hi the i8th year of the 3*t

kragonaceouat ofa InnAr eclipte fixmd at Chipuruptlli it**r

DinriH a few mild fi*& BtamtttrfiiH in the Vizag, district

tO ANDRRA CHRONOLOGY.

In this grant the king had the title Vishamasiddhi and was

referred to as the younger brother of Pufikcrin. The date

624 for the beginning of his reign is inferred from this grant.

It was issued from Cherupura {modern Chipurapalli)

K. 548. LA. XX. u.

His son, Jftyafltafea*Ml to 078.

jlpfcblamuru plates granting the village in Guddavadi

Vishacya to a resident of Asanapura who wan the son

of an agraharika who had previously obtained the same

village from the Vishukundin Madhavarman III. See

p. 17 Note a. (Vide 6*1 A.C. supra). El. XIX. 257.

Nidamarru plates. Record the grant of the said village

in Ganderuvadi situated on the river Vanneru north of

Vpaghra river with two gavyutis east of the royal residence

of Ganderu (modern Kantcru). Nidamarru is 8 miles east of

Kanteru in Guntur taluk. The district of Ganderuvadi is

the same as Kanderuvati or Gandcruvati found in other

inscriptions. In this and the next two grants die king had

the tide Sarvasiddhi. Probably the town of Sa*vasidclhi in

Vfeag district was named after him. El. XVII. 56.

0.656 A grant in the Kurnool district by W. C. Vikramaditya."7 '

_(K-i8).

0.658 Pcdamaddali plates. Granting the village of Pcnuku-"9

pftiru on the east of Marddavalli in Gudrahara VjahayaK. 549. IA. XIIL 238. ASSI. (Old) IV, 166*

Peda Vegi {dates granting Kombaru in Kanderuvati

Vxsiiaya, a gavyuti to the south of Vtenturu (modern

Velkaoru) to a resident *f Kokfauiura. EL XIK. 258.

660J^ly J 3- Talainanchi plates of Vf.C. Vikramaditya

showing that he was in possession of part of Ncllorc, and

Kurnool districts. B, V. L 189.

June 15. Grant of W. C. Vikramaditya. K. 19.

. 673 Sep. Jayasimha was succeeifcd by hk broker J*dnufchfttWlfct W^K> reigacd orfyi fcrg4î> In thia period

CHAXOTYA1. ft

bore the title of Thygadhenu. El. XVII. i. Hi*

Vishmrwdhan H (675*689). ^

Oct, 31, A grant of 12 Khandikas in Paidimukkula, 673

Nuzvid taluk, Kistna district on the occasion of a lunar

ecHpse. (G.P. 15 of 1916-17) A.R. 1917.

March 22 Wednesday. A grant in the Second year of 674

the king's reign on Ghaitra Suddha under the Maghft

Nakshatra, of the village of Reyyuru in the Nellorc district.

The reference to a week day may be noted as the second

instance. IA. VII. i85 K. 550.

Sept. 9. A grant of 12 Khandrigas of land in Panti*

mukkala (Paidimukkala). G.P. 15 of 191617.

Jan. 28.'

(Purnimantha Phalguna) Another grant to a%~ -

resident of Asanapura in the fifth year on the occasion of a*"

solar eclipse found in Mattevada in Kistna district

(K.55I. IA. VII. 191. Burnell SIP. 21 A.) The last four

grants show that the Eastern Chalukya dominion has extend-

ed into Kistriaand Nellore districts.

Grants by Western Chalukya Vikramaditya in Beflary^gând Anantapur districts. J.B.R.S. XVI. 225 and 227.

"*

Vishnuvardhana II was succeeded by his son Mangle. 682

Yuvaraja (682-706).

April 1 6. A grant on the occasion of a lunar elipse in583

die second year found in Chandalur. In this inscription the

king bore the titles Sarvaloksraya and VijayasiddU. The

village granted was Chandaruru (Chandaluru) in the district

of Kannasashftra to 6 persons, inhabitants of 6 separate

villages, names of which were given. El. VIII. 256.

Nov. 3. Togurchedu plates coming from the Kurno*! 689district evidence a grant by W.C. Vijayaditya.

J.BA.S. XVI. 04*.

A grant of Mangi Yuvaraja in the roth year of Ac,

reign pfthe village of Ellore and a field requiring tq jchandfc

of paddy seeds. Tfat occarion of'* *' ^ -^

\ ',,/", .r'!!. for Anhapraswho i

tft ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

mated that -he was six months old on the occasion of the

cermony he must have been born towards the end of 690 or

early in 691 so that when he came to the throne in 718 he

must have been aged about 28. JAHS: XII. 49.

c. 701 A grant of the village of Nutulaparru in the Karma--2 rashtra in the 2Oth year. An incomplete grant of the same

prince was found at Timmapuram.*

. K. 552. Mad. Mus. Cat 2 and 3.

Another grant found at Eduvadalapalem in Kowurtaluk, West Godavary district, records a gift of land of 2

nivarthanas, in a village named Bondada-northi, in PagunurVishaya, for the welfare of the king. JTA. II. 215.

He was succeeded by his son Jayasimha II.

(c. 706-718).

c. y y May 22. A grant of land at Panukuparru on the

or occasion of a full-moon combined with Midhuna Sankranti

7 !5 to a resident of Vangiparru. E.I. XVIII. 313.

He was succeeded by his brother KoUrili who ruled for

7 months and was then expelled by an elder brother Vfehnu-

vardhana III.

When Kokkili was expelled from the kingdom he fled to

the region surrounding Bhogapuram in the Bimilipatamtaluk of Vizag. district, for, we find two copper plate

grants at Munjeru in Bhogapura vishaya. The first grantwas by Kokkili himself at the time of his Aturakala i.e.

before his death to certain residents of DepudL C.P. 13 of

1908-9. The second grant was fay his son Mangi-yura-

Mjft II recording the grant of Kondaku-Vilaryunda in the

Bhogapura Vishaya in the Kalinga country to 103 residents

of Munjeru on the occasion of a lunar eclipse. G.P. 12 of

1908-9. Probably, with Mangivaraja II this branch of the

aunily came to an cad. It is doubtful whether this part of

the country formed part of the Chalukyas dominion. There

is no record indicating that the Chalukya territory extended

beyond Vizagapatani or even AnakapaUe. Bhogapuram is

^218 ê (northofVizagapatam. On the other hand the

. ?C<wia jjra0t describes tjhte Bhogajmra vishaya asin KaEaga

CHALUKYAS. . 23

cmntty. It is therefore reasonable to infer that Kokkil fled

for refuge to the Ganga king of the time* And the latter

assigned the Bhogapuram Vishaya for his maintenance,

Vishnuvardhana III (718-775). Grants.

,, , Nov. 21. i . Of the village of Mushinikonda in Tonka* 731

Valavadi vishaya to a Jain teacher Kalibhadracharya for the

use of a Jain temple at Bezwada. It shows that it was a

renewal of an earlier grant by Ayyanamahadevi the wife of

Vishnuvardhana I. who was a follower of Jainism. This

is the earliest Eastern Chalukya reference to Jainism.

(A.R. 1916-17. C.P. 9).

Dec. 20. 2. Of the village of Mavindipalli t6 a resident 740of Beravali in Tenali taluk.

A.R. 1914-15. C.P. 3 Mad.Mus. Cat. EC. 5.

3. Of a land in the village of Jalayuru in Prolanadu,a site and a flower garden to a resident of Kommuru.

Ipur plates. (LA. XVIIL 98).

4. An incomplete grant by which a land sowable with

i* khandarikas of Kodrawa seeds was given to a scholar

who was a resident of Vangiparru. In this grant the king's

father had the title Abhilashithakarya Vijayasiddhi. The

grant was made on the occasion of an Uttarayana.

A.R. 1932-33 A-7*

About this time the Western Chalukyas of Badami dis-

appeared and their place was taken by the Rashtrakuttas of

Malkhed. (Manyakheta).

Vishnuvardhana was succeeded by his son Vijaya- 0,755

ditya I-Bh*ttaraka. -772

Dec. $5. A grant in the village of Sakharambu in 763Velnadu Vishaya to a resident of Karanchcdu on the

occasion of a lunar eclipse combined with UttarayanaSankranthi. - AJL 1917. 116 JAHS. V. 51.

A grant of a field of 8 Khandrigas in die west of

Gommuluru in Gudrahara Vishaya free of taxes on the

occasion of a lunar eclipse.

Â grant rf * la fchatidrigas of'landtq &i cast of

Dinakaduin Prakunor-a vishaya (modern Guitar taluk) cm

4f ANDHJtA CHRONOLOGY.

the oecttbn ofa solar eclipse. In both these grant* donee

was die same, being a resident of Vangiparru,

JAHS. V. 51.

c.769Alas plates of the Rashtrakuta Yuvaraja Govimja son

of Krishna I issued from his camp neat the confluence of

the Kistna and Musi show that there was conflict between

the Rastrakuttas and the Chalukyas in which the latter were

defeated. El. VI. 208.

Viajayaditya's son Vishnuvardhana IV had a long

resign. (772-807).

806July 27. The Radhanpur plates of the Rashtrakuta

king Govinda III show that, as a result of further hostili-

ties with the Ghalukyas the latter was compelled to acknow-

ledge the suzerainty of the former.

0.807 Vidumvardhana was succeeded by his son JTarendra.846Mrigaraja Vijayaditya II.

By one of his grants made on the occasion of a lunar

ekapse he gave the village of Korraparru to a number of

pewons whose gotras and residential villages are given. Thewriter belonged to Bezwada. (SII. I. 31. K. 553.)

Another grant records the gift of a plot of land onWhich 12 khandrigas of kodrava seeds could be sown and a

dwelling place in the village of Vandrapiteyu to a resident

of Kanderuvadi vtshaya. Its eastern boundary is the villageof Karraparru mentioned above.

j (K. 554. EL V. 118* Mad. Mus. Cat. E.G. 6).

A third grant relates to the village Taodivada ia*

Konurunadu vishaya to 2 residents of Vangiparru. (ARE.

Duriftg the last ta years of his reign he fought 208battle* with tbe Rwtralolttas and their feudatories the

nd thus wiped put^ dcfem inflicted

fcailt 108 .Siva Temple* (See Pomumgiunder 848-92.)

He w^ succeeded by h*i wn

One of his grants (tl*c Ahadanafcarma plates) ii partly in

Sanskrit and partly in old Xehzgu. The donation part fe

wholly in Telttgu. Thbwtiis flritiztafaao* of an inscription

containing apart from the boundaries, a large porttea in

Telufftt. IA.XIII, 128, K.-555, ASSL Old IV. 174.

It felated to the grant of the village of Prithvipaflav*

Pattana iree of taxcs,-Ari, Thaggu, Thcrai, Siddhayam,Dandu and Dasaparadham. Another grant (Peravali plates)

records the gift of the village Randuballi in Gudrahara

vishaya on the occasion of a lunar eclipse. He married

Silamahadevi of the Rashtrakuta family. A.R.E. 1914-15.

No. 2 Mad. Mus. Cat. EC. 7.

The son of Vishnuvardhana V was Ounakavijayaditya

IH, (848-892).

In the first year ofhis reign an officer named Panduranga 148-9son of Kadeyaraja who fell in battle was appointed Com-mander-in-Chief. El. XIX. 271.

By the Kistna plates the village of Trandaparru was

granted on the occasion of a lunar eclipse for able Advice on

the field of battfe. El. V. 122. K. 556.

By the Urutur plates the village which was in Gudrahara

Vishaya was granted to 14 persons. JT. A. 140. The above

grants were carried out by his officer Panduranga above-

mentioned.

There is an inscription by Panduranga himselfat Addanki

uTOngole taluk, tn this he made a gift of land sowable

with 80 candies of paddy to the God Adityabhattaraka at

Dharmavaram (modern Dharmavaram in Ongole taluk). He

conquered 12 kottams of land belonging to Boyas after

taking their1

fortress on Ae top of a hill. In lines 2 to 7of this inscription there i a Tdugu v*rte in tlie HâruVaJametre. This is -the first instance of a Telugu verw in

El. XIX. 271.

Therer are two other stem* inscriptions at Dfearmavaram,taitik rtterttirtniîe VlikVl^tWi III ttrtd Pndu**ngau

Band V. 966; 7.

4

TO ANDHKA CHRONOLOGY.

The Cambay platct (El. VL 43) and the Sangli charter

(IA. XII. 258) show that the Ch&lfckya king suffered a severe

defeat by Amoghavanha (Rashtrakuta) at a place called

Vangavalli.

566 Jan. 16. The inscription at Sirur (Dharvar district,

Bombay) of Amoghavarsha shows that he claimed that the

lord of Vcngi made homage to him. This applies to Gunaka-

vijayaditya III. After the death of Amoghavarsha in 877hostilities with Rashtrakutas continued and the Chalukya

king repelled an invasion of Vengi by the Rashtrakuta

Krishnan II.

Guntur plates, (unpublished), some of the contents

of whidi have been discussed in JAHS. V. 101.

Satulur plates granting the village of Santhagrama in

Gudrahara Vishaya (the modern Satulur in Bunder taluk).

The boundary villages are also still existing. The 58 donees

of the grant are residents of various villages in the Guntur

and Kistna districts. The executor of the grant was Pandu-

ranga already referred to. JAHS. V. 101. Ponnangi

plates recording the gift of the villages of Podegu (Podengu)and Kolampparru to 105 residents of the former village

on the occasion of the winter solstice. The grant also

mentions Panduranga with other particulars already knownto us. It also states that Vijayaditya II fought 108 battles

and to wipe off the sin incurred by killing he built 108 Siva

temples. The above plates give complete genealogies ôfthe kings of the . Chalukya dynasty with the number 'of

regnal years of each king.

Vijayaditya III was succeeded by his

Bhima I, son of his younger brother Yuvaraja Vikramadityawho predeceased him. (892-921).

gs April 17th. Saka year 814, Meaha Chaitraffiahula *,

Monday. The Date of accession of Chalukya Bhima accdrd-

ing to the Attili pfatfci (GP 14 of 1917-1918). This is the

first instance ofthenie Ofthe Saka era in the Tdugu country.

A.R.E. 1918. App. EL 126.

QHALUKYAS. , 37

Beswada plates ^recording the grant of the village of

Kukiparru ia Uttrakanderuvadi vishaya to a resident ofUramarakanthaboL The executor of the grant wag

Kadeyaraja|ra<idsonQfPadduranga. K. 557. EL V. 128.

Vedataluru plates under which the village which was in

Uttrakanderuvadi Vishaya was granted to 47 persons on the

occasion of Nityasraddha of his son aged 16 who had the

title Irimarthiganda and died after fighting bravely at

Niravadya-pura and. Peruvanganur-grama and killing the

general .of the Vallabha king Dandena Gundaya. (A.R.E.1914. 10.)

*

Mad. Mus. Cat. EC. 8.

A stone inscription of this king was found on a slab 908lying near Govinda mutt on the top of the Indrakila hill n$arBczwada. The inscription was made in the 17* year of his

reign. It shows some peculiar forms of certain Teluguwords. It informs us that Pratishtha was made for Partheswara

on the top of the hill. There is also another inscription near

by the above, i.e., on a stone pillar on the top of the hill.

It seems to be connected with the former if not a part of it.

It does not refer to any historical person but it refers to the

town of Bezwada by the curious spelling of Pechchewada.

J. T. A. IX. 227.

Kasimkota plates. The grant portion refers to Yela-

xnanchi Kalingadesa and to Dcvarahtra vishaya; after this the

writing gets fainter and the execution careless. The nameofthe village granted is uncertain. This marks the northern-

most limit of the E. Chalubya dominions. E. R. 1909, 108-9.

Ghalukya Bhima I left two sons (i) Vijayaditya and 921(2) Vikramaditya. The elder succeeded a? Vijayaditya IV*He had the title Kollabhiganda. He ruled only for 6 months.

Vijayaditya IV left two sons( i)Ammaraja and (a)Bhima. 9*i-

The former succeeded to the throne and ruled till 927, *7

The Zuzzur grant giving .the village Druzzuru (modern

Zuzzuru) (Nandigaxna taluk) to Kfahakab (a general and)on of die foster sister of the donor'i grandfather Chalukyafihiwa t.

'

.

'

, El. V. it.


The Ederu plates under which the village Gonturuwith 19 hamlets was given to tfetandanaditya a military officer

belonging to PSattivardhana family whose ancestor Kate*

kampa served under Vkhnuvardhana I and vrtiose fat$erserved the donor's father Vâyadhya IV. K, 559. SII. L 36.

927 Ammaraja was succeeded by his son Beta VisayadityaVwho was a mere boy at the time. Taking advantage of his

youth and helplessness Tadapa son of Yuddhamalla, (the

youngest brother of Vijayaditya III and therefore) a cousinof Chalukya Bhima I kqrt the boy in confinement and siezed

the throne but he did not long enjoy the fruits of his usurpa-tion. Vlkramaditya the second son of Chalukya Bhima I

(wife 9*1, supra) attacked the uwirper slew him in battle

and thus restored the senior line. He ruled for about oneyear.

Of this king there is one copper grant found at Nuti-

madugu in Anantapur district. Some of the plates are

missing and the name of the village granted is lost. But it is.

remarkable that Chalukya dominion extended as far as

Aaantapur district. El. XXV. 186.

Then Yuddfcmalla son of Tadapa usurped the kingdom(9a*"934) An inscription on a pillar at Bezwada, recordsthe building of a temple for Kesavaswami. It also containssome Tetugu verses. The first part of this inscription wasone of his grandfather Yuddhamalla. El. XV.

934 Bhima since known as Chalukya Bhima II brother ofAmmaraja notv attacked Yuddhamalla expeUed hinr andrccavcred the kittdgam, there are 3 grant* evideneiag hkrufc. He was succeeded by hi* soa, Ammarqja IT. Theuearea large number ^f grants nsued by him. la two of theseno 4et*U$ WOKC giv<m relating to tbc civil wars preceding tkeaccession of Chalukya Bhima II but in the others' and intvo ofthe

grants ofOialu^yalthiina II the events are niiTatctfas iêdabdve. .But in the tîrd grant ofCSialukya Bttjina tla

<Jfrfc$ciut version of the facts was stated. It apêan t^state that Vikramaditya was attacked by a Bhima soii

:

of

CHALOTYA*. $J

Ammaraja and was killed by him |utd ttnma tium ruled foi

8 months. After this Yuddhamalia got posatton ^f dw

kingdom. Now, in all the other grants no imefatibft vmtoadc of a Bhima between Vikramaditya and YuddhnmallaThis discrepancy has to be considered. The grant which

mentions Bfabna is known as the Paganavsurma grant. If Beta

Vijayaditya V, the elder son of Ammaraja was a boy, Whiphe succeeded to the kingdom, a younger brother of his

could not have been old enough in an year to make war on

Vikramaditya. It is .therefore obvious that the mention of

a Bhima son of Ammaraja in the Paganavaram grant is a

mistake. Ifa Bhima existed at all in 928 it must be QialukyaBhima II who ultimately got into possession in 934. It

may be that in 928 he made an abortive attempt and held

precarious possession of the kingdom for 8 months wheat

Yuddhamalia expelled him. Or it might be that the line

in the plate" Amma's son Bhiina then attacked him and

slew him "was a repetition of a part of the preceding line

by a mistake of the scribe. Anyhow, *we have the fact that

no other inscription mentions a Bhima between Vikramaditya

and Yuddhamalia. Yuddhamalla's period 928-934 must be

taken to include tlie eight months allotted to this Bhima in

the Paganavaram grant.

Ghalnky* Bhima n. (934-945)- His P^^Ftettiav*ranu K. 560. IA. XIII. 213.

AkuUmanBad*. K. 561. EL V. 134.

Kehvezmu. K. 562. SIL I. 43.

The fiat of these has already been mentioned as creating

a discrepancy in the geneology of tfce family.

The*econd records that a field in the village in Gudrahara

Vfchaya was granted to an inhabitant of Vangiparru on the

occasion *f Uttarayana.

.- The third omiuaUmfttionthe grant <cf the village f Kodhatalli as an ^grah^ra lo

occasion of Uttarayanam at the request

&e Paaara prince Vyjaya. He pro-

tifl Bhimavaram temple at Daksharama.

JO ANDHUA GHE0NOLOCY.

945 Gkalukya Bhima II, left two sons: (i) Danarnava;

(a) Ammaraja, For some unknown reason the latter

succeeded iiim as Ammaraja II. J.A.H.S. V. 49,

Hie termination of the reign ôf Chalukya Bhima andthe commencement of that of his successor Ammaraja II is

pfovcd by grants which give the exact date. They are the

following :

Padankalur K. 563. IA. VII. 15.

Vandram. El. IX. 139.

Maliyampundi.' El. JX. 47.

The date is Saka 867 Margasira Bahula 13 which is

equivalent to 5 Dec. 945. Friday.

The third of the above grants records a gift to a Jain

temple built by Durgaraja great-grandson of Pandurangaalready referred to.

Other grants of Ammaraja II :

Pamarru. K. 564. El. V. 139. Some fields in the

village (in Gudrahara

vishaya) were grant*ed to the YuvarajaBallaladeva Vcla-

bhatanamed Boddiyason of the lady Pam~mava of the Patta-vardhana family.

Eiavarru. K. 565. IA. XII. 91. Granting a villageto the head of Sri-

karan or writing dc-c

partrocnt of*$warna

Bhandagara or trea-

sury of; gold.

Gundiigolami, K. 566. IA. XIII. 149. .:,...,.....

MasuHpatam. 1C* 567. Sn. 141. A field formerly

given to a iirinay

priest (Koiabrafimn)kad been MK

GHAttTCYA*.

Kaluchum-foarru.

El. VII. 179.

Vemulapadu. EL XVIII. 226.

Nammuru. EL XII. 61.

sumcd for tome rea-

son is re-granted.

Granting the

village (In Attlinadu

vishayatoaJainteA-cher Arhanandi for

repairs to a Jain

temple.

Granting an agra-

haram on the occa-

sion of Uttarayanamat the request of

Durgaraja.

Granting a field

in the village sowable

with 1 2 khandrigas of

kodrava seed to a

resident of Geranda,

Granting someland

in Chavadvishayaand BarupunandiFacchadi Vishaya N

in

Elamanchi-Kalinga.

Towards the end of Ammaraja IPs reign there was civil war

between him and fiadapa son of Yuddhamalla II. Badapa

expelled Ammaraja who ruled for 25 years. Ammaraja must

have died in exile.,

The grants of Badapa and his brother Tala to be men-

tioned next omit all mention of Danamava but all the other

accounts of the dynasty state that he ruled for 3 years. If

Badapa expelled Ammaraja I in 970, the period (970-972)

must have been a period of struggle between the two rivals

Badapa and Danarnavaxsach holdinga portion ofthe kingdom.However, even on this footing Panarnava's rule ended in 972and his sons must ijave fled to a foreign CJoxirt.

About thistime the Rashtrakutas disappeared in the WestW2-3andtteir pl*ce w*i t*kcn by *e W. <3halukyas ofXaly^ni, 1

Pamulavaka. J.A.H.S. II. 1242.

72

ANBHBA CiOICiiOLOOY.

tins period the kingdom was held by Badapa999and las brother Tala II. There are two grants each by one

of the two brothers :

(i) Tbe AyârtKaiffl grant of Badapa states that he ex-

pelled Amauraja and does not refer to Danarnava. The

villagegranted wat'in Repalle taluk, Guntur district and the

doaee was GancUmarayana a brother-in-law of Ammaraja.This suggests that Ammaraja's wife's relatives deserted himin the civil war. The village was then re-granted to a sub~

donee, the aunt'sson of Gandanarayana. All the boundaries

can be identified now. The southern boundary was

Sripuadi (modern Sripundi) the subject of the next grant ofTala II. EL XIX. 137.

(*) The Sripundi grant wag made by Tala II. Underthis the village with an upagrama (hamlet) Aderu was grantedto one Kuppamayya son of Makariyaraja who

"suffered and

"died for the cause ". It omits all mention ofChalukya Bhima

II, Ammaraja II and Danarnava but mentions Badapa after

Yuddkamalla aad then Tala IL El. XIX. 148.

As these brothers were regarded as usurpers all later

accounts omit their names and describe their period as an

inter-regnam.

It will be convenient to make a pause here in sketchingthe history of the Eastern Chafakyas : First, the country has

fallen into disorder and a new power has to come from

outside to restore peace and order in it. Such power -was

afforded by the genius of Rajarajachola and die further

history of the Chalukyas is a combined feistory of the Chalu-

kyas and Cholas together. Secondly, the history which warso far given is Aat of tte Godavary and Kistna distctas andthe regions soutk and west ofthem, bt not &e country north

of them. It lias been aMady mcarioocd (p. * supra) that

the dominions of titeBfittti iCShifahym oouM

included the country b^tA Hiufcapîe. Andwas ruled by the Cangas^f-Kaliâ. # correspodt to Atmodert \%sagl9MA 4MA V

ft l^ Ho

cont^fil^the l****?4Jtrt* Giiq^feM^24 lip to

CHALUKYAS. 3$

Before doing so the initial point of the Gangeya era has

got to be Determined. Of Madhukamarnava of the Second

Ganga dynasty, who is known to have ruled in 1019-1038,

there is afi inscription in the year 528 of the Gangeya era.

On Chaitra 15 of the year 128 (G.E.) there was a grant

on account of a lunar eclipse in the preceding Margasira

(I. A. XIII. 1 19). This year and the year 528 (of Madhu-

kamarnava) might, each, be a current year or an expired

year, Allowing for such case&, the interval between the two

years would be 399, 400 or 401.

Therefore the year 128 would fall between 618 and

39 A.Q. During this period, Margasira lunar eclipses

occurred1

only in the years 624, 625 and 626 and Chaitra ofthe

year 128 would happen in one of the years 625, 626 or 627

A.C. The initial point of the year 128 should fell after 624

{Chaitra ig) and before 627 (Chaitra 15).

Therefore, the initial point of the G.E. would happenafter 496 Chaitra, and before 500 Chaitra. This conclusion

makes 495 and earlier years inadmissible.

, On Ashadha 5 of the year 221, there was a grant for a

solar eclipse (JAHS. II. 185). The following table shows

the correspondence between the initial point of the G.E.,

the initial point of the year 221 and Ashadha 5 of 221

expressed in Julian years.

AHDHR*

E. ***

Initial point of

year 221*

After Before

497 Ashatfha 498 Aih*da-{4 I

\*#&*r-499

Current ..

Expired ..

Current . .

Expired

Current ..

Expired ..

Current . .

499 ,500 Chaitra<Current

Expired

717

716

717

718

7*0

7*

II*

***

Thus the Ashadha 5 of the year 221 might fall in anyof the years 716 to 721. The following table shows thesolar eclipses next preceding these dates and the intervalbetween the eclipse and the date :

Thus therewasno near solar eclipse to support a granton

Ash^lha5of7i6, 717,718,739,721 ; but there wasonefbrfig.Therefore the Ashadha 5 of G.E. year 221 fells in 719.

That is, the initial point of the year 221 (G.E.) falls jn

tl}e period from 718, Sravana i to 719, Ashada i. Therefore

the initial point of the Gangeya Era falls in the period 498Sravana i to 499 Ashadha i or in the period 497 Sravana i

to 498 Ashadha i according as the year 221 was a current

or expired year.

If it is desired to examine which pan of these periods

was likely to contain the initial point of the era, it has to be

tested with reference to other grants using that era and

referring to some phenomenon such as an eclipse. For this

purpose, the following E.G. grants, besides that of the year

221 are available :

It may be mentioned that, for (i) above, the years

589, 590 and 591 A. G. had Magha of 30 days and in relation

to item (3) that the years 690 and 692 had each a Maghaof 30 daysr and that there were lunar eclipses in Margasira

of 689 and $91.

For the purpose of applying the grants in the table

to the periods in question (498 Sravana 499 Ashadha, 497Sravana 498 Ashadha) each period may be divided into two

parts : (i) from Sravana to following Magha i; (a) from

following Phalguna i to Ashadha i. Let us consider the

second partof each

period.

36' ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

If 221 is current year -499

Phalguna Ashadha i.

If 221 is expired year 498Phalguna I to Ashadha i.

We find that year 192 and 351 do We find that years 192 and 351 donot fit in if current but fit in if not fit in if expired but fit in

expired. if current.

So \ve have so take

192 expired, 22 1 current 35 1 expired 192 current, 221 expired 351 cur-

and 358 current if these years rent and 358 expired iftheseyears

are to fit a day in this period. are to suit a day in this period.

There is no justification for assuming such frequent

changes in the mode of reckoning (current or expired) to

suit a particular day. Therefore the second parts of the

periods shouldbe rejected. But, when we come to the first part,

all the years fit in with the periods with the period 498Sravana to following Magha if all the years are taken

current and with the period 497 Sravana to following

Magha if all the years are taken expired, the date of the

phenomena being the same for either period. Thus :

9122 January 589. (5) 30415 June 801 or 4 June15418 December 65 1 . 802 .

19214 February 690 for (6) 351 eclipse on 5 June 848preceding eclipse in Nov- grant later,

ember 689. (7) 3586 July 856.

(4) 25123 March 749. (8) 3977 June or 2 December

894 or 27 May 895.

Thus for the first part of the periods, we have got the merit

of uniformity in the application of the years. They are all

current for the period 498-9 or all expired for the period 497-8.The next question is which day was most likely to~be

the initial point. For the past two thousand years, besides the

usual Ghaitradi year, there is also.a Kartikadi year prevailingin India in ancient times (Duff's Chronology cf India ;

Swamikannu Pillai's Indian Chronology) and, in moderntimes in Gujarat and Marwar. So the initial point was pro-

bably 498 kartikadi i (if all the years were current years)

or 497 kartikadi i (if the years were expired years).

A date like Bhadrapada S. 12 (suggested by one scholar with

tome hesitation) is not likely for no such year has ever been

THE GANGAS OF KAUNGA. ff

known or heard* and there is no need to reject Kartika.

As years of eras are prima facie, current and not expired*

498, kartika i was probably the initial point of the G.E.

It may be mentioned that there is an inscription of the

year 500, ashadha 5, Sunday. If current, it does not fit in

with 498 kartika. If expired, it does not fit in with 497kartika.

The inscription of 500 (G.E.) has been read by three

scholars in different ways (JAHS. IX. 3, 23 ; XI 147-8).

zoo Ashada masa i.

700 Shada masa 5.

500 Ashadha masa 5.

The first two readings of the year may be ignored. The date

suggested by me for the G.E. agrees with 500 sixth monthas 998 Chaitra 5 (sixth month from Karthika) was a Sunday*It may be observed that this inscription was by a different

dynasty (Kadamba) after a second Gangeya dynasty cameinto power. It is unsafe to use it a a test certainly not

until scholars are agreed as to its reading.

Or, the Karihikadi year might have been dropped in

Kalinga by that time in which case, the third reading suits

the dates alreadysuggested as 997Ashadha 5 was a Sunday.

THE GANGAS OF KALINGA. (FIRST DYNASTY.)(624-894.)

It was already stated that the Chalukya conquest of the

Vengi country by Pulikesin II did not include the Kalinga

country which was then under the rule of the Gangas

(p. i(T, supra). This region corresponds to the present

Vizagapatam District. The Gangas continued to rule over

it and to use the Gangeya Era in their inscriptions.

In the following entries the era was assumed to be

kartika i of the year 498 and the years current.

Indravannan JH (son of Danarmvd).

Mar. 18. (G.E. isSCbaitraSuddha 15). ThcChicacolc

plates evidencing the grant of the village ofTamarachcruvu

GHHONOLOGY.

ill Vftrahavartani vishaya ofc account of a lunar eclipsfe

pifefcaKng Ma*gasira. (625 Nov. id).

634 Oct. 12. (G.E. 137 and not i49,Karthikafu11moon). The

pfetesfound at Purle (nearPalakonda,Vizag District) grantingthte vilagie Bhukkakuru (modern Bukkur) in Kuraka Vishaya.Thfc plates were engraved on Pushya 20. El. XIV. 362.

636 Jan. 21. (G.E. 138 not 146, Magha?) Grantofthevillageof Talamula in the Korosotaka Panchali as an agrahara free

oftaxts. The plates were engraved on Magha 10. (Jan. 3)

ASSI (Old) IV. 164.

651 Dec. 18. (G.E. 154) Tekkali plates granting a

field in the village of Tunganna in the District of

Utijtyavati on account of a solar eclipse for the merit of

At donor*s thother. The father's n^me was given as

Daharnava.'

IMveadff&v&tinan (son of Gunarnava).

Jan. 2. (G.E. 183 Magha Suddha 8) The ChicAcole

plates issued from Kalinganagara granting the village of Pop-

pfcngika in Sarumutamba in the District of Kroshtuka-

tfttttai. El. III. 130.

The plates were engraved on 20 day (Dina) ofSravana

(Sofef) (it July).

(G.E. 184) Granting the village Hudivaka in the

682 Ptfbhyagiri panchali vishaya to a Guru who then gave half

of it to a temple. JAHS. II. 271.

(feb. 14. (G.E. 192) Tekkali plates. GrantingNavatala tillage free bf ail taxes oik account of lunar

ih Magha.

Jun. 23. (G.E. 195 Stavana Bahula 5) Siddantam plates

granting a plot of land in the village of Siddharthika (Mo-dern Siddhahtem). El. XIII. **$.

701* (G.E. 204) Grant by Anaittavarmah, son ^f Devend-

of the village Talatteheti in KroshtukavArtana

a riiarriage occasion. JAHS. II. 271.

TfcB OAtfeA* OF kftfetftGA. 9

May 26. (G.E. 221 Aahadha fetrfdka 5)mali plates of Nandivanhari son rf &****&

<r*tman issued on the occasion of solar eclipse, (iffef $3).

Dfevendravarman {mMar. 23. (G.E. 251.) Grant of Tamaracheruvu oh the

occasion of a solar eclipse issued from Kalinganagara.

(G.E. 254) Vizagapatam grant of some village 751-in Davadamadavam vishaya to God Siva. IA. XVIII. 143. 75*

(G.E. 304) Alamanda pldtes by Anantavarinah, info Box<rf Rajendravarman granting the village Medelaka in THktfia or

YiftHaya on the occasion of solar eclipse.

(June 8oi or

The following three grants relate to Devendravannaason ofRajendravarman (probably a brother of the last king).

(G.E. 308) Indian Museumplates granting the village of 805

Parujvana (Purushthana?) in Bukudravaka in LohadhangartuEl. XXIIL 7S-

Ohicacole plates granting the village of Virmita hi the

district of Pushka ni to Hetuloka son of Veiachi. A village

^ttthkarni is abo mentioned. jAltS. VIII. 1859 193.

(G. E. 310) Tekkali plates somewhat tampered. 807EL XVIII. 31 1.

'tht above three plates were discu&ed, ih

El. XXllJ. tJ.

(G. E. 342) Mandasa plates of Rajendravarman son df

A&antavarnmn granting the village of lamvmddi in Saila

VUhaya. Anantavarman is probably the donor of the

<mtryoi. ARE. 1917-1916 App. A. Ig.

350 Chicacole plates by SAtyavaraettll the lite 848ravartnaii (probably the doiicrr in ^05 and 8^ Jgfc,on the occasion of a solar eclipse (Jîe j) to

die village of Tarugrama> Gileya Vishtyft

ptwiously been made an agraharam. IA. X!V,


85$ June 8. (G.E. 358) Tekkali plates by Ananthavarman

3on ofDcvcndravarman granting the village of Simicharapaon Ifce occasion of a solar eclipse. El. XXVI. 174.

#94 (G.E. 397) Cheedivalsa plates issued by Devendra-or varman eon of Bhupendravarman, granting Sividi pradesa"95 in the village of Kandalivada, for solar eclipse.

JAHS. II. 146.

Jfote. Here the dynasty which began in 498 A. C. and

lasted nearly for 400 years has disappeared. A new dynastynow appears on the scene. They called themselves Gangas.But as the names already mentioned do not appear in the

names of ancestors given in pedigrees appearing in the

inscriptions of the second dynasty they do not seem to be

connected with each other. But the first kings of the new

dynasty used the Gangeya Era in their charters. This is the

only link between the two. Nearly a century elapses

without any epigraph.

997 June 13. (C. E. 500.) Ashadha i 5 SundayPonduru plates of Vajrahasta II son of Gunainaharnava,

granting 10 villages in three districts to his commander

Balinayaka his son and grandson for services in war. This

suggests that the new dynasty has come by conquest.

JAHS. IX. Part 3. 23 and XI. 147*148.

This is the first instance of the use of the week dayin Kalinga.

Note i. Two icholars studied the chronology of the

Eastern GhaluiyaB in great detail. The first was the late

Dr. Fleet, of the Bombay Civil Service whose services, to

Indian Chronology and Epigraphy can never be properlyestimated, fhewoml is Mr. B. V. Krishna Rao, M.A., B.L.

The result * Dr. Ftoet*s studies were embodied in a numberofarticles in V0LXX of the Indian Antiquary. Mr. KrishnaRao's vipw* were expounded in Vol. IX, Part 4, *>f the JAHS.jBotb agree from 934 which was the initial year of ChahikyaBbjma II. But they differ by 9 years as to the beginning ofthe dynasty. Dr. Fleet's date for the grant of Kubjavishnu-v*nh|Liia I on the occasion of a lunar eclipse is July

THE OANGAS OF KALINOA. 4!

so that the rule of the dynasty began according to him in 615.

But according to Mr. Krishna Rao the date of the grant is

641 and the rule of the dynasty began in 624. Thus the

difference between these two is about 9 years. This difference

gradually diminishes by 934 when both the chronologies

agree.

When Dr. Fleet wrote his articles in I. A. he had not the

benefit of two inscriptions which have since been found, i.

The Polamuru plates of Vishnukundin Madhavavarman III.

(El. XXIII. 88). 2. The Attili plates of Chalukya Bhima

(A.R.E. 1918, p. 126). The date of the former has alreadybeen shown to be 621 A.C. and the Ghalukya conquestcould not happen before that date, so that this date supportsMr. Krishna Rao and contradicts Dr. Fleet. Curiously,Mr. Krishna Rao takes a different view as to the date of

the Polamuru plates of Madhavavarman and does not use the

argument based on them in his favour. The second item i.e.,

the Attili grant shows that Chalukya Bhima I was crowned

in 892 which is not the date of Dr. Fleet. In my opinionif Dr. Fleet lived until after the discovery of these two grants

he would probably come to the same conclusion as Mr.

Krishna Rao. There are other difficulties in Dr. Fleet's

chronology pointed out by Mr. Krishna Rao in his article and

it is the Attili grant of Chalukya Bhima that enabled Mr.

Krishna Rao to give the necessary correction to Dr. Fleet's

chronology. It may be observed here that, as there are

plenty of lunar eclipses, they do not ij$cessarily help us in

solving the problem. For instance, for the Chipurapalle

grant of Vishuvardhana I, Dr. Fleet's eclipse occurred in 63*and Mr. Krishna Rao's eclipse occurred in 941, so that each

has got an eclipse to support his chronology* Similarly, the

Chandalur plates of Mangiyuvaraja Were issued on the

occasion ofa lunar eclipse. And the fact that there was an

eclipse in 673 was supposed by Dr. Hultzsch to support Dr^

Fleet's dates. There was an eclipse on i6th April 683 which

exactly suits Krishna Rao's dates so that the remark of Dr.

Hultzsch at p. 238 ofEl. VIII." A result which corroborates

the correctness of Dr. Fleet's chronology of the Western

6

4* AtafetttA CHRONOLOGY.

Chalukya dynasty"

is not quite justified, because, the ecMpteof 683 equally corroborates Mr. Krishna Rao's chronology,So th$rt these eclipses do not clinch the matter. But tftfc

{ghmts of Madhava varma and Chalukya Bhima do.

GHOLAS AND EASTERN CHALUKYAS.

The story of the Eastern Ghalukyas will now be resumed

and it will also be seen that the Gholas restored peace andorder in the Telugu country. There were inter-marriagesbetween the two families and ultimately one common

dynasty ruled both the kingdoms.

Rajaraja Chola ascended the Ghola throne.

An In in Gudur Tk. shows that the Vaidumba Chief,

Vishnudeva was ruling as vassal of Rajaraja.B and V. Gudur 88.

998-9 Another in the i4th year of his reign at Melpadi (S.t.I.

III. p. 29) states that he conquered Vengi. This means that

he interfered with the affairs of that country and restored

order by placing Saktivarman the elder son of Danarâva on

the throne. He also married his daughter Kundavai to Vima-

laditya, second son of Danarnava. The Chittoor taluk

became part of the Chola kingdom. Saktivarma issued the

Pabhubarru grant under which Balasomapandit dharma-

kartha of Siva temples in the village was dismissed for defal-

cation and a new trustee Dadibheema was appointed and

lands in three villages- 100 khandrigas in Penukonda

(Tanuku) and so khandrigas in each of the two othefr

villages were granted. J.T.A. II. 399.

Saktivarma ruled for 12 years and was succeeded byliis

brother Vimaladitya.

a006 ^n inscription of the Western Chalukya Satyasraya at

Ghebrolu Guntur District show that the Western Chalukyafdrove a wedge between the Cholas and the Eastern Chalok-

ya*. 145 of 1897;

ton May 10 Thursday. The date of coronation df Vhnala

ditya as given by the Ranasthipundi grant. Under thfe

grant the village Was given to * minister ndmed Vajrtt a

THfe OANOA* O* KALTWOA. %&

of Kafanchcdu. The author was BhecmAnnabhatta,

fte ton of lUchiy* Pedderi. El. VI. $&.

Vimaladitya made a gift of silver-vessels to the temple 101jat tiruvaiyar (Tanjore t)t.). 2 15 of i&&

Mclpadi continued under the Gholas. S.I.I. Ill, 23, 4* IOI _

26 (Rajaraja's Ins.).

(R^jendra-Choia's In.).'2O

The Tamil portion of the C. I*, grant at Tiruvalangadtt 1018

(near Arkonam in Karvetinagar Zameen) of Rajendra Chdkt

shows that it Was part of Chpla dominion. S.I.I. II.

The interval between the coronation ofVimaladitya and

that of his son Rajaraja is n years and yet all later accounts

assert that Vijayaditya ruled only for 7 years. To explainthis discrepancy the following explanation is suggested:

In 10 1 2 Rajendra Chola son of Raja Raja and brother of

Kundavai was crowned as co-regent with his father. In 1018

liis eldest son kajadhiraja was crowned as co-regent with his

father, in accordance with the practice of the Cholas.

Probably Vimaladitya was invited for this ceremony. Hewent to the Chola Capital but on account of illness dr old

4ge lie was unable to return to Rajahmundry and he died in

the Ghola capital in 1022.

He vtefc teferred to in the Telugu Mahabharatha in the

Opening Aswasas. tie was succeeded by his son Rajaraja.

August 16, Thursday. The date of coronation ef IO28

Rajaraja according to Korumalli plates. I.A. XIV. 55.

This is the famous Rajarajanarendra wcH known in aU

the Telugu countries though all other Eattern Ghalukyas

kings are forgotten. This fame rests on two reasons:

{ t ) Hewas a patron of the Telugu poets Nannayabhatti

who translated Mahabharatha add his friend Narayanakoffe

Hie former translated 2 parvasand aportion of the third pfctva

of Mahabharatha into Telugu. Other learned men such f

Pavuluru Mallanna who translated the Ganitasarasnagraha

of Mahmviracharya (Jain) flourished at his court.


(2) He was confused with another Rajaraja who ruled

in Mandhata on the Narmada who had two wives Ratnangiand Chitrangi and a son by the former-Sarangadhara. The

story of Sarangadhara was given by Kesanna son of Bammera

Potaraju in his Navanadha Charitra. This story so givenwas later dramatised and frequently exhibited to- this day in

the whole of southern India. It is highly popular for its

pathos and other attractive features. It is hardly necessary

to state that Rajaraja who ruled at Rajahmundry from 1022

had only one wife Ammangidevi and a son named Rajendra-chola who afterwards took the title Kulothungachola.

Rajaraja's reign was not wholly undisturbed.

1031 June 27. His younger step-brothor Vijayaditya rebelled

agaimt him and got himself crowned as king. This is shown

by his Pamulavaka plates.

Under the grant the village of Kompuluga with 12

hamlets was given to Bheemabhupa for sei vices rendered to

his cause. JAHS, II. 277.

But this attempt to usurp the kingdom turned out

abortive and no more was heard about it.

IO45 An inscription at Kalahasti shows it under Ghola rule.

C. P. ioof 1908.

1053 Nov. 28. The date of the Nandampundi grant madein the 32nd year on the occasion of a lunar eclipse.

Under it the village was given free of all taxes to a poet

Nanninarayana who was known as Kavi-gajankusa andthe author of the verses was Nannayabhatti. 1. IV. 300.

About this time probably Rajaraja's son Rajendra-chola married Madhurantaki, the daughter of his maternal

uncle Rajendradeva.

1059-At this time the Gholas and W. Chalukyas were con-

60 tmuously at war with each other. It was stated in Bilhana's

Vikramanka Gharita that the W. Chalukya king Someswara

I, Ahavamalla penetrated into the Chola country as far as

Kanchi which was then a Chola capital and sacked the

town and drove the Chola kings from it.

Fleets' Canarese dynasties 441.

THE OANOAS OF KALINOA. 45

Perhaps to ward oiF the attack or' to create a diversion 1061

from the north Rajaraja sallied forth from Rajahmundry to

the help of his relations, the Cholas. Taking advantage of

his absence from the capital his step-brother Vijayaditytf

emerged from his place ofrefuge and seized the capital. Onaccount of his affection for his son he got his son Sakti-

varman crowned. That the occupation of the Vengi kingdom

by Vijayaditya and his son Saktivarman II was due to the

absence of Rajaraja (and not his death) is expressly stated

in two grants:

May 25. The Telugu Academy plates of Saktivarman lo62

II recording the gift of the village Nuniyavada to AdapaAppanna an officer of the king on the occasion of a lunar

eclipse. Verse 16 of this grant states that Vijayaditya

"Captured the great kingdom of his brother with great

valour in his absence" (Paroksham). JAHS. V. 33.

2. The Ryali plates of Vijayaditya himself use the

words "Parobha Rajarajasya". JAHS. IX. 24.

Rajaraja was unable to return to his kingdom and

sought the help of his Chola brothers-in-law. There were

originally three, namely, (i) Rajadhiraja, (2) Rajendradevaand (3) Veerarajendra. The eldest Rajadhiraja fell in the

battle of Koppam in 1054, in the war with the Western

Ghalukyas, two were left and they began to make prepar-

ations to avenge the attack against Kanchi and the usur-

pation of Vengi. But the intended campaign was delayed

by the infirmity of Rajendradeva-illness and old age.

Some authors state that the date of the battle ofKuppamis 1052. But this seems to be incorrect. It is agreed on

all hands that Rajadhiraja fell in the battle of Kuppain.But we have got an inscription of his dated 29 Dec. 1053

(E.I X. 122). The battle must therefore have been fought

in the year 1054.

March. Rajendradeva died and Virarajendra was 1063

crowned as king immediately. After the coronation he

carried out his plans for punishing the Western Chalukyas

4nd their friend the traitor Vijayaditya. Hi* ^mpqigyii were

described in a number of Ascriptions :

i. Kawvur inscription of the fourth year. a. tyEani*

mangalam inscription of the th year. 3. Cjharala inscription

of the yth year. (See below.) First, he drove back the Western

Ghalukya armies led by Spmeswara' > son prince Vikranoadity^

across the river Tvmgabhadra and secured GangappadiHe then attacked Vijayaditya; in the battle that followed,

I054_Saktivarmanwas killed. In the Ryali plates (infra 1072)

65 Vijayaditya mourns the loss of his son who died surrounded

by his enemies like Abhiznanyu in the Bharata battle but

the conquest of Vengi was not completed. Probably at this

time Rajaraja also died, without getting possession of

Vengi. Thus Rajaraja may be said to have ruled from

1022 to 106 4 though during the last two years he was out of

possession. The discrepancy in the length of his reign

occurring hi some of the later inscriptions is thus explained.

S.I.I. III. 3K

Virarajeadra had to attend to the Western Chalukya*

directly. In the battle of Kudalsangamam he gave a

crushing defeat to Vikramaditya. After some other cam-

paigns in the West he again turned to Vengi and in the

1067- battle of Bezwada described in the Manimangalam inscrip-

68tion, Vijayaditya sustained another severe defeat and sued

for peace.

1069 Virarajendra followed a conciliatory policy for reasons

qfhis own. He bestowed Vengi on Vijayaditya permittinghim to enjoy it for the rest of his life, thus postponing the

rights of his own nephew, the son ofRajaraja. SIL HI. 64*

1068 Mar. 30. The Western Chalukya King leaving suffered

from some malignant fever drowned himself in the Tonga-bhadra.

1068 Oct. 1 6. A private inscription at Draksharama by a

Vaisya merchant of Vizagapatam recording an endowment

for Bhimeswara in the 6th year of Vijayaditya's reign,

shows that Vijayaditya reckoned his regnal years from

\vfcen t*e aq$ his son usurped the kingdom.

THE QA^QAS QF KAIONOA. 47

Yirajrajendra gave his daughter in marriage to Vikra-

inaditya, the second son of Someswara (his former opponent]and supported him against his elder brother Someswara IIfor the thjtme of the Western Chalukyas.

The Gharala (Punganur Zamin) plates of Virarajendra 1069-in the 7& year of his reign (Soumya) give a summary of his 7a

campaigns. They show that the Chittore District was in

the possession of the Qholas. El. XXVI. 1241.

Also Yogi-mallavaram stone inscription (Puttur Division)

proves the same facts. A.R.E. (1904) 273.

March. Virarajendra died leaving his son Adhira- 1070jendra.

June. Adhirajendra died in a rebellion. 1070

June 9. Rajaraja's son Rajendrachola - succeeded to 1070the Chola throne, just as James VI of Scotland became

James I of England. He waited for his uncle's death to get

possession of Vengi also. El. VII. 7.

Vikramaditya VI, ruling in Anantapur, 455 of 1920. 1071

Tiruvalangadu inscription and an inscription at Kolar 1071-state that Rajendrachola II who now took the title 72

Kujothungachola captured elephants in his youth at

Vairagram (Bastar state) and raised the Eastern region. It

also shows that this part of the country was part of the

Ghola dominion. SIL III. 134.

The Ryali plates (two sets) of Vijayaditya in the i2th 1072

year of his reign which would be1072,

if the years were

counted from 1061 were issued. Some ofthe contents of these

plates have already been referred to. By them the villages

of Kiunduya, south of Draksharama and Mavinderu, south

of Korumilli were granted to the same donee. Both the

villages were in the Ramachandrapuram taluk* Thewriter is a poet named Muttayabhatta. JAHS. IX. 24.

Sep. 91. An inscription tf fUjûj*fry was dated in 1072-

the ifitb year of Vijayaditya. 40ÂJt-E, 1932-33'


1072- An inscription in Koiar district recites the early exploits

73 of Kulothungachola and shows that this part of the countrycontinued to be a part of the Ghola dominion.

EG. X. Mb. 49-a.

1073 An inscription of Saka year 995 at Draksharama was

dated in the I3th year. SII. IV. ion.

CHALUKYA CHOLAS, 1076.

2076 June. Vijayaditya died and Kulothungachola got

possession of Vengi and thus became king of Tamil and

Telugu countries. But he took up his permanent residence

in the Tamil country and governed Vengi through viceroys.

1076 Juty 2 7- The date of the Ellore plates recording the

appointment of Mummadi-chola Rajaraja, second son of

Kulothungachola as viceroy and granting a village to

Mummadi Bhimafor service in the war. A.R.E. 1921-22.

Feb. 10. (Year Nala) inscription at Chebrolu on

account of a lunar eclipse. This is the first instance of the

use of Go-year cyclic year in the Telugu country.El. VI. 220. No. i.

1078 August 23. Virachola, third son of Kulothungacholawas appointed as viceroy, and was installed at Jagannadha-

puram part of Gocanada. (SII. I. 49. El. VI. 334).

1070' W. C. Vikramaditya VI was ruling in the Anantapurdistrict. 439 of 1920; 697 of 1919.

1085 Virachola was recalled and the eldest son of Kulothunga,

Rajarajachodganga was sent as viceroy. Inscription at

Draksharama. El. VI. 220. No. 2.

1087 May 20. The Teki plates of Rajaraja Chodganga

stating that he was sent as viceroy in 101*4. The record

confers certain privileges on certain descendants of the Teliki

family then settled in numerous families. El. VI. 334.

1088 Virachola goes back as viceroy. It is not known whathas become of the first two sons. They predeceased their

father.'

El. VI. 334.

looo- Virachola's Chellur plates in the twenty-first year of

91 Kutothungachola's reign granting the village of Kolluru to

the Vishnu temple at Chelluru. SII. I. 49.*

THE CHALUKYA CHOLAS. 49

The Pittapur plates of Virachola state that he was 1092

appointed as Viceroy for the purpose of conquering the -93

north. EI. V. 70.

A record of this year alludes to the conquest of Kalinga 1095

by Kulottungachola. "96

An inscription of Kulottungachola at Simhachalam

(near Vizagapatam) ; it is severely damaged and its date is

uncertain.

The following inscriptions in the Telugu countryrefer to Kulottunga's reign. They are at Draksharatna:

Date. Tear. Reference.

April 5 31 EI. VI. 22 1 No. 4. noi

SII. IV. 335 (Tamil). ff

'

33 EI - XXII. 138. I002

-337

March 26 Vishuva Sankranthi. EI. VI. 221 Nos. sand 6. 1 107

40 SII. IV. 336 (Tamil) . 1 109

Dec. 27. 42 ri11

Uttarayana Sankranthi. EI. VI. 220. No. 7.

Kulottunga undertook another tour in the Kalinga micountry to assist the king of Kalinga to crush a rebellion in

" I2

the north of his dominions.

Dec. 9. 45. EI. VI. 220 No. 3. & EI. VJ 279. 1114

Mar. 25. (At Bhimavaram) 45. EI. VI. ,,219. mBetween Mar. and June. 45. EI. VI. ,, 220.8. 1115

(Uttarayanam). 49. EI. VI. 9. IIX8

Oct. 120. Vikramaditya VI was ruling in Anantapur. 1113

605 of 1920.7

5O ' ANDH&A CHRONOLOGY.

Vikramaditya VI was in possession of a portion of

Guntur District. 700 of 1920.

At Chebrolu in the Guntur District an inscription shows

that the country was locally ruled by the Velanadu Chief,

Choda (alias Rajendrachola), Kulottungachola's protege and

adopted son. SII. VI. 51.

1 1 18 Vikramachola was recalled from Vengi to Kulottunga's

capital.

m8 June, 29. Vikramachola was crowned as joint ruler

during the life time of Kulottunga. The province of Vengibecame devoid of a ruler.

sSII. III. 180.

11 18 Dec. 18. An inscription at Kommuru (Bapatla Tq.,)

shows that W. C. Vikramaditya VI was asserting dominion

over the Vengi country. Whether this indicates a passingraid or an assertion in an incription with the connivance of

local people is not dear. In any event it is temporary. (See

below 1127).

1119 Kulottungachola died and was succeeded by his son

Vikrama Qhola.

1 1 20 A Telu&u Choda chief Betta was ruling in the Potta-

-21 pinadu (Kalahasti) as feudatory ofVikramachola (Nandalur).

583 of 1907.

A local chief Ghittarasa was ruling in AnantapurDistrict. 356 of 1920.

W. G. Vikramaditya VI, ruling in Kurnool. 2.59 of 1905.

There are private inscriptions at Draksharama using the

Ohalukya Vikrama era. (See ni8also).

Vikramaditya VI supreme in Cuddapah, the local ruler

*Atyanachola being his vassal. 350 of 1 905 .

1125 Jan. 2. An inscription in Tanuku Tq. shows that the

Kolanuraja Okkettuganda was ruling south of the Kistna.

728 of 1890.

THE CHALUKYA GHOLA8. 51**

An inscription in Cuddapah District shows the grant of

a village by the Tclugu Ghoda Vimaladitya Madhurantaka

Pottapichola son of Siddha as vassal of Vikramachola.

579 of 1907.

The local ruler at Rajahmundry was Vishnuvardhana

(Pittapur). f 41 of 1912.

The above entries show that the rule of the Telugu

country through local feudatory chiefs has begun.

The great philosopher Ramanuja finished his Maha-

bhashyam.

In N. E. Kurnool at Tripurantakam, an inscription

discloses that Govinda, a vassal chief of Vikaramaditya VIwas ruling there and over Kondapalli. 258, 276 of 1925.

May, 27. An inscription at Chebrolu shows Vikrama-II27

chola as ruler. EL VI. 280.

An inscription at Draksharama records gifts by Kona- 1128

mandala chief Vikrama Rudra. SII. IV. 391 .

Another inscription at the same place shows that a

Vishnuvardhana Maharaja was the local ruler in his 2nd year*

SII. IV. 41 1.

An inscription at Bapatla recording a gift by Sunamba

wife ofVclanati Rajendrachola. SII. VI. 91.

Nov. 6. Velanadu Rajendrachoda alias Gonkaraja ruling

in Guntur District. 631, 645 of 1920.

In the same year Velanati Gonka son of Chetana and

grandson of Rajendrachoda made a grant to a temple in the

Kistna District. VR. Kistaa ga-K

At Nadendla (Narsaraopet Tq.)'

a Choda-nripat

(Kondapadamati Chiefwas ruling.) EL VI275^

At Draksharama the Velnadu chiefGonka II wSII.IV.

Vikramachoda's son Kulottungachola II was crowne*

as joint ruler with his father.


GROWTH OF TIRUPATL

834 An inscription at Tiruchanur (near Tirupati) shows the

Pallava king Dantivikramavarma as ruling in Tiruvengada-kottam the region round Tirupati, in his sist year. It

makes no reference to a temple on the hill, but only to the

shrine of Tiruchanur. This shows that the temple on the

hill had not yet been built. But temple-building in

that part of that country has commenced, beginning from

the region down the hill. (Ins. I of Dev.)

Another inscription from Tiruchanur refers to a

deposit of gold and it was for the benefit of the God in

Tiruchanur, of the God in Mantrasala and of the Godin Tiruvengadam. (No. 4 of Dev.).

This is also a Pallava inscription and shows that the

building of the temple on the hill has either begun or was

just completed. Probably this was at the time of a successor

of Dantivarman.

The Bana chief Vijayaditya made of a gift of 40 kalanjasof gold to a temple at Gudimallam near Kalahasti.

EL XI. 227.

006 Another inscripion at the same place showing the samechief ruling. El. XI. 228.

An inscription of Parantaka (Chola) at Tiruchanur.

This shows that the shrine on the hill even if completedhas not yet attained great importance.

1001 An inscription in the i6th yeaj* of Rajaraja (Chola)

by his step-mother (widow of Parantaka II) a Chera princess

refers to the gift of a gold plate set with diamonds, pearls

and rubies for the forehead of the God at Tiruvengadam.This shows that the installation of the God {& the shrine of

die hill was completed, and regular worship was going on.

1004v Another inscription in the time of Rajaraja refers to

the donation of a perpetual land for Tiruvengadamodayanthe God on the hill. . :

CHALUKYA CHOLAS.'

53

Another inscription at Tiruchanur refers to the paymentof 40 kalanjas of gold.

An inscription of the 23rd year of Rajaraja in the templeof Jogimallavaram.

An inscription of the time of Rajendrachola in the

temple on the hill refers to an enquiry by an officer.

Another inscription of the time of the same king was

found in the Kapileswara temple at the foot of the hill.

An inscription of Kulottunga Chola at Jogimallavaram. 1072

Another inscription of the same king at Tirupati.

Two inscriptions of the same king at Jogimallavaram. 1093

Two more inscriptions of the same king on the hill

temple.

An inscription of Vikramachola recording a gift of the 1134

temple at Jogimallavaram.

GHALUKYA CHOLAS.

April, 1 8. Nidubrolu inscription of Vikramachola. 1135El. VI. 5.

Vikramachola died and was succeeded by his son

Kulottunga Chola II. There are several inscriptions of

the latter in Guntur District and at Bezwada.

SII. VI. 83, 380 of 1918,

Mayîy. W. C. Someswara III was ruling in Ananta-

pur. 337 of 1920.

* Two inscriptions of Draksharama mention the Kona-

mandala chiefs Mummadi Bhima II and his half brother

Satya I as the local rulers. SII. IV. 359, 394.

August, 4. Inscriptions in Guntur District showing thatj 136 *

Gonka II was ruling and his wife was Gundambika and he

4vas a feudatory of Kulottunga Chola II. E.I.X. 137,

SII. VL jr.

Kamachoda Maharaja of Konidena with his wife

Sriyadevi was ruling in Guntur. SII. VI. 218-9,

697 of 1920,

54 ANDHUA CHRONOLOGY.

1138* Kulottunga II was recognised as ruler at Draksharama.

39 SII. IV. 378, 451.

1139 In Cuddapah at Pushpagiri Telugu choda chief

Mallidevawas ruling. 316, 317 of 1905.

In Anantapur Irungolarasa was ruling as feudatory to

W. C. Jagadekamalla II. 78 of 1912.

1140 August, 19. Kulottunga ruling in Guntur District.

705 of 1920.

Draksharama inscription of one of his generals Kata-

manayaka of Kolanu. I.A. XIV. 55.

1141Feb. 7. Nandalur inscription of Kulottunga Chola II.

EL X. 138.

1141 May, 1 7.\Jagadekamalla continued to rule in Ananta-

Aug. lo.f pur District. 205 of 1913, 393 of 1920.

Kulothunga Chola recognised as ruler at Draksharama,and in Guntur. SII. IV. 426 ; 461, VI. 79.

Dec. 24. At Tanuku Vishnuvardhana (Pittapur) was

recognised as ruler in his i6th year. (See 1125).

743 of 1920.

1 142 Aug. 8. A grant by the same on the occasion of lunar

eclipse. 748 of 1920.

At Draksharama Gonka II continued to rule as viceroy.

SII. IV. 3N8.

At Konidena in Guntur, the Teluguchoda chief

Tribhuvanamalla-Pottapichoda son of Kama and Sriyadeviwas ruling. SII. VI. 227.

Irungola Chola ruling in Anantapur as feudatory of thev

W. C. King. 85 and 89 of 1913.

The record No. 86 of 1913 is virakal in honour of

* man who fefl in one of the cattle raids that were then

common. A Vaidumba chief was the cause of the raid.

CHALUKYA CHOLAS. 55

Mar. 24. The Ghellur {dates of Kulottunga Chola.

IA. XIV. 56, EL VII. 9.

July, 14. Bapatla inscription of Kulottunga Chola II. 1145EL X. 137.

Feb. 12. A Bapatla inscription records a gift by the

wife of Velanadu Gonka II in the I2th year of Kulottunga's

reign. EL X. 136.

Another inscription at the same pla:e recognising him

as ruler. SIL VI. 66.

At Rajahmundry the Pittapur chief Vishnuvardhana II

was ruling in his twenty first year. EL IV. 229.

In Nellore a grant recording the gift of a village by the

local chief Ballichoda son of Kama, grandson of Venka and

great-grandson of Nannichola. B. & V. 354.

Rajaraja II son of Kulottunga Ghola II was crowned asl z^g

joint ruler.

The Velanadu chiefKulottunga Chola-Gonka was ruling

in Palnad Tq. 144 of 1913.

Another portion of the Guntur District was governed by

Tribhuvanamalla-pottapi-chola son of Kama of Konidena

branch of Telugu Choda chiefs. SIL VI. 219-38.

Sep. 15. An inscription of Kulottunga Chola II ing

Ongole Tq. B. & V. 1 1 33.

Mar 25. Bapatla inscription by Kulottunga Chola II.

, EL X. 136.

Inscriptions at Draksharama recording grants byVelanadu Kulottunga Choda Gonka II in the lyth year

of Kulottunga Chola. SIL IV. 354, 390.

Inscription at Draksharama in the same reign.

SII.IV.S9i.

Another in the Gimtur District by the same, 1 1501

SIL VI. 218.


1151 Another at Bopatla in the reign of Rajaraja II.

SII. VI. 80.

Inscriptions at Drakshrama and in Guntur in the

same reign in the 6th year. SII. IV. 377 ;

VI. 64, 67, 84-6.

Inscriptions recording grant of lands in Konidenain the rule of Trhibhuvanamalla-choda. SII, VI. 221, 288.

1152 Grant at Draksharama in the 7th year of Rajaraja.

SII. IV. 353.

And in Guntur District. SII. VI. 77

!I53 Grants by the Velanadu chief Kulottunga Chola-Gonka

II as vassal of Chola ruler.

At Ongole. Draksharama Chebrolu.

B & V. 928. SII. IV. 355. SII. VI. 48.

At Draksharama a record of the Konamandala chief

Bhima III ruling the Vengi tract as vassal of Rajaraja II.

SII. IV. 366.

1154 Rajaraja II reigning in Guntur Dt. in his gth year.

SII. VI. 74, 76, 77-

The Velanadu chief Kulottungachoda-Gonka II rulin'g

in the Palnad Tq. 552 of 1909, 831 of 1922.

1 155 Rajaraja II reigning in Guntur in the roth year.

-56 B & V. 980, SII. VI. 74, 76.

"57 And innthêar.

Ibid. 88.

H59 June 26th. An inscription of Rajaraja II at Ghantasala

(Kistna Dt.) in his i4th year. 847 of 1917)

Il6l An inscription in Anantapur District by the local

ruler Mallideva Chola Maharaja of the Nidugal family of

Lords of Oraiytir as vassal of'

Ghalukya Vikrama '

relating

to the local improvements in the Town of Hemjeru.

15 of 1927.

CHOLAI , 57

Rajaraja II ruler of Drak&harama in his i ?th year.

SII.IV,4i 7.

Grants made at the same place, by Velnadu KulottungaRajendrachoda and his wife Pandambika, for Rajaraja II.

SIX. IV. 356, 358, 362, 373-

The Kalachuri chief Bijjala attacked the Gooty fortress.

Kulottunga Rajendrachoda of Velnadu ruling in Narsa* 1 165

raopet Tq. 'SIX. IV. 302-

Inscriptions at Drakshrama in Rajaraja's 2Oth year.

SIX. IV. 347, 353, 361.

And in 2ist year. SIX. IV. 347. 1166

Rajaraja II ruling over Guntur in his 2ist year. The 1167local chief being Kulottunga Rajendrachoda son of Gonka II

and Sabbambika. SIX. VI. 82, 86, 91.

Rajaraja II ruling over Guntur. A.R.E. 1917. A-23. 1168

And over Draksharama, this is the last actual n fareference to the Ghola rule Aorth of the Kistna river.

S1I. IV.' 416, 431,

Grant of lands to a temple at Bezwada by the Velnadu 1171Kulottunga Rajendrachoda. 158 of 1913.

An inscription of the Tsandol temple recording a grantof a field in the village of Nadendla by the Kondapadamatichief Buddharaja whose sister Ankamma or Akkambika wasmarried to Velanadu Rajendrachoda. Buddha was a vassalto the chola king. He was called the ruler ofthe Giripaschimatract that is country to the west of the Rock Fortress ofKondavidu. El. VI. 268.

/

March-Grants by the Velanadu Kulottunga Rajendra-choda II in the 26th year of Rajaraja II in the Gunturdistrict. -SIX. VI, 61.

Record of Rajaraja II in his 27th year. V. R. 835.

Another in his 28th year, both in Guntur. SIX. VI. 2*0.8

5& ANDHRA QHR00LOGY.

1175 At Sattenapalli (Guntur Dt.) Velanadu RajendrachodaII was the local ruler. 49 of 1909.

Also at Kurnool. 264 of 1905.

1176 At Bhimavaram a grant to the temple by Narendrason of the Pittapur Chief Vijayaditya III.

SIL V. 22 ; El IV. 2, o.

1 1 77 Inscriptions at the same place showing that Vishnu-

vardhana Mallappa III was the local ruler.

SIL V. 34.

1178 Jan. 21. Nandalur Ins. of Rajadhiraja, n.

EL X. 126.

1 180 Velanadu Rajendrachoda II was ruling over Draksha-

rama. SIL IV. 469.

1 182 Another inscription by the same, showing that Buddhist

worship at the old stupa was stiU maintained. EL VI. 146.

Other grants of land by the same; his father was Bhima;his mother Sabbambika ; his elder brother Kotachoda.

SIL VI. 109, 124.

1183 At Bhimavaram the Pittapur chief Mallappa alias

Vishnuvardhana was ruling. SIL V. 26.

Kolottnngachoda ni was ruling in Ghittoor in his

eighth year. 57 of 1907.

W.C. Someswara IV reigning in Anantapur Dt.

28 of 1917.

A grant of Jayambika mother of Velanadu Prithi-

viswara. 490 of 1893. EL IV. 32.

i 186 A Pittapur inscription showing that Prithiviswara Gonka

Raja was ruling in Velanadu. El. VI. 32.

1192 A Cuddapah inscription shows that the Teluguchodachief Nallasiddlia Chola Maharaja was the local ruler. Heclaimed to have levied tribute from the Chola king at

Kanchi. 483 of 1906,

CHALUKYA CHOLA8. 59

An inscription at Kalahasti of Kulottunga Chola III

mentions a gift by Virarakshasa Yadavaraja. SII. IV. 194.

Madhurantaka Pottapi chola Gandagopal made a grant H93of lands in Ncllore as vassal of Chola king.

Two Konamandala chiefs ruling about Godavari 11 95

as local rulers made a grant of lands to a temple.

EL IV, 83.

An inscription in Ghittoor Dt. recording a grant by the 1196

wife of Madhurantaka Pottapi Chola the local ruler.

SII. IV. 194.

Kulottunga Chola III ruler in Nellore.ig? of 1894.IJ 97

Kota Keta II was ruling in Amaravati. SII. VI. 117.

A Sarpavaram inscription showing that Vishnuvardhana 1201

{Pithapu/) was ruling in Prolanadu. SII. V. 4.

Inscription in Cuddappah of the Telugu Choda chief 1201

Nallasiddha alias Madhuranthaka Pottapi choda. His wife

was Nukkamma. 60 1 of 1907.

April 26. Nandalur Ins. of Kulottunga chola III. I2 2

EL X 129.

June 1 6. Inscription by Mallapavishnuvardhana III

granting the village of Gudivada in Prolanadu to the temple

of Pittapur EL IV, 226.

Inscription in Cuddapah of the Telugu choda chief 1204

Nallasiddha son of Madhurantaka Pottapi Choda Erama-

Siddha, exempting certain villages from taxation, as vassal of

Kulottunga Chola HI. 57^ of '1907.

The Telugu Choda chief Tammusiddhi son of Errasiddhi 1 205and Sridevi and younger brother of Nalla was crowned

at NeUore.'

35 of 1893. (SII. IV.)

Inscription by the same at Kavali (Nellorc Dt.) at 1207

Tiruvalangadu Chittoor Dt., as vassal ofKulottungachola IIL

104 of 1892 ; 408 of 1896 ;

452 of 1905.


The Konamandala chief Satya II ruling at Narasapur.SIL V. 53-

1208 The Telugu Choda chief Madhurantaka Pottapi ChodaTirukalatti son of Manumasiddhi made a grant of a village

in Nellore. B & V. 864.

Another grant by a follower of Nallasiddhi. B & V. 836*

1209 March, 24. A grant by the -same Kalatti in the 3ist

year as vassal of Kulottunga chola III at Nandalur (Cud-

dapah Dt.). El. X. 131*

121 1 His servant made a gift in Nellore Dt. B & V. 540.

A temple was built at Rapur in Nellore Dt. for the

merit of Tikkakalatti Choda Maharaja with certain titles,

B & V. 1254.

1 2 12 Atamakur inscription showing Madhurantaka Pottapi

Nallasiddha as local ruler. B & V. 219.

1213 Kota Keta II ruling in Amaravati. 89 of 1917.

1214 Grant in Kavali Tq., for the merit of the Telugu Choda

chief Manmasiddhana son of Rajendrachoda. B & V. 708.

Another inscription at Atmakur of Nallasiddha.

B & V. 219.

1215 April, 10. An inscription in Anantapur Dt. showingthat Singhana II of Devagiri (Yadava) was reigning.

345 of 1920.

An inscription at Kurnool showing a grant by a son of

Singhana's minister to a temple.

Tliese records show that the Western Chalukyas of Kal-

yani had disappeared.

1216 June, 27. Rajaraja HI came to the Chola throne,

jointly.

1217 Telugu Choda chief Errasiddhaya was ruling in Atma-

kur Tq. V & B. 251.

1218 The Kolanuraja Kesavadeva was locally ruling at

Tanuku. 723 of 1920.

CHALUKYA GHOIAS. 6 1

The Telugu Choda chief Madurantaka Pottapi Choda 1223

Errasiddha ruling in Nellore as vassal of Rajaraja chola.

Grant of villages in Guntur Dt. by the Telugu Choda 1227

chief Mallideva. B & V. 924.

April, 24. Rajaraja III reigning at Kalahasti. 1228

*35 of I 922 -

The local ruler in Nellore was the Telugu Choda chief

Tirukala Choda. B & V. 734.

A gift of a lamp by Bayyala daughter of Natavadi chief 1234

Rudra at the Amaravati stupa showing that Buddhist wor-

ship was still kept up. EL VI. 157.

Feb. 6 and Oct. 17. Nandalur Inscription of Rajaraja 1238

III. El. X. 134.1239

The Telugu choda chief Gandagopala and a general 1240

Singana were attacked by Hoysala Someswara.

A record by the Telugu Choda Madhurantaka Pottapi-

Chola Tilakanarayana Manumsiddhi son of Tikka during his

father's life time. B & V. 1258.

Inscription in Nellore showing that the local ruler was 1244the Telugu Choda chief Allun-Tirukalatti.

B & V. 719, 1330.

RajendracholaHI was crowned jointly with his father

Rajaraja III. B & V. 410, 439, 445.

An Annamasamudram (Nellore Dt.) inscription ofTelugu j 246Choda Tirukkalatti shows that he attacked Kanchi.

B & V. 206.

The same king continues to rule in Cuddapah and 1248

Nellore. B & V. 1231.

The Telugu Choda Manma Siddha son of Tikka I made 1249

a gift in Cuddapah in gratitud* for his recovery from

illness. 598 of J97-


1251 March, i. Nellore inscriptions showing RajendracholaIII was the ruler. V. R. Nell, 161. B. & V. 1393.

1253 The second is the last record relating to Cholas in the

Nellore District.

1260 An inscription in Markapore Tq., Kurnool Dt., refers

to Rajendrachola III as ruler. Probably this was a

record made by some adherents of the Cholas in token of

their loyalty. 20 1 of 1905.

This is the last epigraph relating to the Cholas. Themain line disappears from history. Thus this dynasty of

kings which began in Dharwar District in about 500 A. C.

spread into, after conquering the Telugu Country in 624,

became rulers of the Telugu and Tamil countries in 1076,

after continuing in unbroken line of agnate succession

without an adoption or the intervention of a female has at

last disappeared from history at the end of 750 years.

In their time the Aryan civilization was completelyintroduced into Southern India. The use of the Saka

era, and of the week days became common. The

Telugu language developed as an independent languagewith grammar and prosody of its own. For some time at

least the Telugus and Tamils have combined. Colonies of

Tamil immigrants in the Telugu Country were permanentlyestablished and they are still known as Dravidas. The use

of the Sanskrit language become also very common. In

this period Sankara and Ramunja wrote their famous

philosophical works which spread throughout India. Theuse of modern astrology began.

This dynasty was displaced in the Telugu country bythe gradual spread of the Kakatiyas from Warangal (in the

Nizam's dominions). The history of this dynasty will have

to be sketched ; but before so doing it will be convenient to

finish the Eastern Gangas whose chronology was tern-

poarily interrupted in 997.

THE SECOND QANGA DYNASTY. 63

THE SECOND GANGA DYNASTY. (9971410).

(G. E. 520) Simhapura plates of a Kadamba king in 1017

the reign of Devendravarman son of Anantavarman alias

Vajrahasta. JAHS. III. 171.

(G. E. 528) Chicacole plates of Madhukamarnava. IO2 5-

C P. 5 of 1918-19.

Granting 3 villages to certain traders or vaisyas whosettled in Dantapura-Errapa Nayaka and others. Heruled for 19 years. JAHS. VIII. 168-80.

April. 9. The successor of Madhukamarnava was 1038

Vajrahasta III who was crowned on April 9. There are

following grants issued by him.

Saka 967 (9 Mina, Monday) Narasapatam plates, 1045

granting the Gorasatta Dt. consisting of 35 villages.

El. XI. 147.

971 Chicacole plates granting Sattivada in the Dis- IO49

trict of Erada. JAHS. VIII. 163, 171.

976 Mandasa plates. C P 12 of 1917-1918.1054

Feb. 8. 979. Nadagam plates granting 12 villages 1058

grouped into a separate district Velpura Vishaya.

EL IV. 183.

982 Granting Kuddama in Koluvarthani Vishaya to 1060

Mallapa Sreshthu. %ARE 25-78.

June, 20. 984. Madras Mus. granting Tamaracheruvu 1061

in Varahavatani to 500 persons. El. IX. 96.

June, 991. Madras Mus. El. XXIII. 67. 1068

Parlakraiidi granting the village- Hossandi to Kamadi

for service in War. EL III. 223,


In the last two the Saka year is taken as the current

year. His son was Devendravarman alias Rajaraja. Hemarried Rajasundari the daughter of Kulottungachola.

1070 May, 20. Saka 992. The date of his coronation as

given in next inscription.

1076 Saka 999. Chaitra, granting the village of Brihat

Kodila in Varahavartani. JAHS. VIII. 166, 176.

1078 He was succeeded by his son Anantavarman chod-

Ganga. The name Chod Ganga suggests that he was a

Ganga on his father's side Chola on the mother's side. Thedate of his coronation is I7th February, 1078. Of him there

are the following inscriptions : They are mostly from the

Vizagapatam District, and show that he was ruling in the

district.

1

April, 4. Sunday-granting the village, Chakivada in

Samu Vishaya to a Siva temple. IA. XVIII. 161.

1084 (g g 1006) granting the village of Sellada as a Deva-

graharam for the worship of the goddess.

JAHS. VIII. 183, 191.

I09 (S. 1006) granting Perumballi to a native of Mala-

mandala (refers to Vishakhapattana alias Kulottunga Chola-

pattana). 99 of 1909.

A.C. Saka Village

1093 1015 Ronanki SII. V. 989.

1098 1620 Mukhalingam ,, 891.

1 102 1024 i 384.

1 1 12 1034 A. R. E. 1924-5-7.

1113 Jan. i Khorai plates J. A. H. S. I. 108.

1118 Dec. 14 Ravipadu SII. V. 488.

1118 1040 Granting Tamara- I. A. X. XVIII,khandi SamvaVis- 165; Mad. Mus.

haya Cat. E. G, 15.

EASTERN GANGAS (a).*

65

The following inscriptions are from Mukhalingam.

i is i 1043 SILV. 393

1123 1045 406,

393. 405-

1124 1046 405.

1126 1048 391.

"*7 1049 385.

1128 1050 387.

1129 1051 388.

H3 1 I053 Rellivalsa 405.

*53 367 of 1905.

The next three are from Mukhalingam:.

1054 387.

"33

Sri Kurxnam J. A. S. B.

LXII. I. 104-

Mukhalingam S. I. I. V. 490.

1130 1057 Granting the village I. A. XVIIIof Samuda in 172*

Sammaga Vishaya.

He seems to have had a long reign of nearly 70 years.

Probably, he was the builder of the famous temple at Simha-

chalam 8 miles north of Vizagapatam. On the North-

western side of the hill there are three springs issuing out

of the hill known as Gangadhara Akasadhara and Hanu-

mantadhara, the second and third being actual waterfalls.

The combined water of these three springs finally find itsway9

$6' ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

to the foot of the hill to irrigate the fields nearby. In the

course of the years the combined stream scooped out a valleyin the hill. Advantage was taken of this situation by build-

ing a temple with a most exquisite architecture at the spotwhere the springs start. Along the water course steps,wereerected. The idol in the temple is the idol of combinedAvataras of Vishnu namely, Varaha and Narasimha. It is asmall image made of white marble the feet being imbeddedin the rock below. Throughout the year the idol is covered

with thick paste of Sandal wood presenting the appearanceof a lingam. But on one day in the year namely, Vai-sakha Suddha 3 the paste is removed and visitors in the

shrine can see the idol itself. On that day pilgrims come fromall parts of India to see the actual idol, and there is a very

large crowd. The Raja ofVizianagaram is the trustee of this

temple. They lease out the right of selling the sandal pasteand the oil in the votive lamps and the right of collectingthe offerings at a place called the Kappastambam. It is

supposed that barren women will become pregnant by em-

bracing the pillar.

The central shrine was coated with thick paste of

chunnam. Several centuries back, it is said, a queen whovisited the temple noticed that some of the sculptureson the shrine were obscene and directed that the roof of the

"

shrine should be plastered with chunnam. In the course

of years part of the plaster has now come away revealing the

sculpture within. A village has grown round the templebut for some reason most of the inhabitants suffer from

malaria and enlarged spleens. At the foot of hill there, is

a flower garden containing pillars from which fountains were

made to flow when required.

There are a number of inscriptions in the temple the

earliest of them is being in S. 1035 or 1 1 13 A.C. It is clear

therefore that the temple must have been built byAnantavarman. When it was finished he probably invited

his maternal grand-father Kulottunga to see the temple.

From other inscriptions it is known that Kulottunga visited

the Kaluga country in, 1112 and there is Tamil inscription

EASTERN OANOAS (a). 67

of his the date ofwhich is unfortunately 'damaged. Perhapsit is 1 1 12. After this other inscriptions began to appear. Onthis occasion the town of Vizagapatam was also named

Kulottungachola pattana but the name has not stuck in.

It still remains Visakhapattana. He was succeeded by his

son Madhukamarnava of whom there is an inscription.

June 26. In the fourth regnal year. SII. VI. 482. "49

He was succeeded by Raghavawho ruled for 15 years. 1152He was succeeded in by Anantavarma Rajaraja who ruled

for 25 years. El. VI. 198.

Anantavarman chodganga was reigning. 363 of 1905. 1167

In his reign Prithviswara of Pithapur visited Vizaga- 1178

patam. 97 of 1909. "79

Inscriptions at Mukhalingam showing that Ananta- 1187-

varman Rajaraja II was ruling in his 22nd and 23rd years.88

SII. VI. 394.

He was succeeded by Aniyanka Bhima. El. VI. 198.

Narasimha I was ruling at Vizagapatam. 98 of 1909. 1192

In his time there is an inscription in Srikurmam which 1250shows that the Sage Narasimha Thirtha visited the place.

307 of 1904.

Bhanudeva was his successor. 358 of 1905. 1271

Oct. 23. An inscription ofVijayadita II (claiming to 1273belong to a collateral branch of the E Ghalukyas) at Sri-

kurmam refers to Nannayabhatta and his translation of the

Mahabharata. El. V. 32.

Between June and September 19. Narasimha came

to the throne. El. VI. 260.

Narasimha II ruling in- Vizagapatam in his 7th year.

364 of 15(05.

Narasimha II was reigning in his isth year at Simha- 1290chalam. SII. 352, 353, 488.

May i. A Srikurmam inscription shows that Nara-

simha I was reigning in his i8th year. SII. V. 459.

$8 ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

1296 Simhachalam inscription showing Narasimha II was

reigning in Vizagapatam District. SII. VI. 389.

1297v

367>378.

1299 370-

1305 His successor was Virabhahu II. 397.

1307 Bhanudeva II was reigning in Vizagapatam in his 3rd

year. SII. VI. 397, 399.

jogj He was ruling at Chieacole. SII. V. 430.

1322Pedda Narasimha III ascended the throne.

-23 Ibid., 433, 435 etc.

1341 Narasimha III made gifts to Simhachalam andSrikurmam. Ibid., 429 ; SII. VI. 400.

1343 Queen of Narasimha III made similar gifts.

etc. SII. V. 433-4, 449.

1345 Narasimha III made gifts. Ibid.. 438, 456.

1346Virabam II began to reign.

1353 Bhanudeva III was reigning. SII. V. 447.

1376 Bhanudeva III was reigning in Vizagapatam in his 3ist

year. SII. VI. 285.

13^8 Narasimha IV was reigning in Vizagapatam.

Ibid., 276, 281.

383 Gifts in Vizagapatam by the Queens of BhanudevaIII and Narasimha III. 285-6.

1387 Narasimha IV made a gift to Simhachalam.

454-

1389 Narasimha IV son of Bhanudeva III and grandson of

Narasimha III was reigning in Vizagapatam 401.

1406 The Qjieen of Narasimha IV made a gift to a temple,

, 277.

At about this time Kapilendra Gajapathi of Cuttack

invaded the kingdom of Kaiinga and annexed it. The

Gang? dynasty has come to an end.

THE KAKATIYAB OF WAfcANGAL. 69

THE KAKATIYAS OF WARANGAL.

The territory of Hanumakonda (Warangal) was con-

(erred on a chief of the Kakateya family. Beta by W.C.

Vikramaditya VI. His son Prola extended his powers and

was ruling in 1117. El. IX. 256.

Grant of village near Kondapalli by Kakatiya Rudra * 185

to a temple in Kurnool. 273 of 1905.

Ganapati of Warangal came to the throne. 1199

Ganapati's incursions in Chola territories begin. 1209

A Kurnool inscription shows that he confirmed land

previously granted by another* 204 of 1905.

In Guntur, his sister Melambika who married Rudra

the second son of the Natavadi chief Buddha made a grant.

803 of 1922.

Dec. 28. An inscription showing Ganapati ruling in 1211

Guntur. 88 of 1917.

Chebrolu (Guntur Dt.) granted by him to his General 1213

Jaya. El. III. 95.

The Ganapati king operating from Warangal cap- 1216

tured large bits of territories in the Telugu country north

of the Kistna.

The Kakatiya king was defeated by Yadava Jaitrapala 1217but his kingdom was restored. E. VIII. 275.

Ongole was occupied by Ganapati. B. & V. 972, 1129. i 2 i8

1223Ganapeswaram in the Kistna Dt. was occupied by

Ganapati. E. Ill 82 IA. XXII. 197.

general Jaya built a temple at Divi on the coast,

boat that passed Nangegadda must pay dues to the

temple. The revenue of a number of villages was also

assigned to the temple. EL III. 8.

April 21. A village granted by him to the temple. 1235

7* ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

1*36 Ganapati was supreme in the country about Gudivada.SII. V. 77.

1237 He was regarded as supreme at Draksharama by the

local ruler Rajendra chola-Gonka. SII. IV. 468.

1238 He was supreme at Repalle south of the Kistna and

at Ongole. 586 of 1893. B & V.

1055 and 1058.

1244 Kakatiya Ganapati. issued an order that all wrecked

ships and their cargoes should be restored to the owners

on payment of a certain duty. This shows the existence

of coastal trade. 1. XII. 128.

1248 He was supreme at Rajahmundry. SII. V. 43.

And in Guntur. 1 75 of 1917.

1249 Grants to the temples in Kurnool by the three sons

of the Natavadi Chief Rudra who married Mallambika

sister of Ganapati. 225, 227, 228 of 1905.

1249 Inscription at Yenamadala (Guntur Dt.) showing that

-5Ganapambika daughter of Ganapati who married Kota-

Rudra of Amaravati built a temple. 1. III. 94.

In Kurnool he assigned the tax on salt to a temple at

Markapun 221 of 1905.

In Guntur he was supreme. 1805 of 1922.

1250 His daughter Ganapambika, wife of Kota Beta of Amara-

vati, was ruling over 6,000 villages. EL III. 95.

His general Ganapendra Gangayya Sahini ofthe Kayashtafamily made a gift to a temple of Markapur. 283 of 1905.

Kota Beta built a temple and gave an endowment for

its support. 142 of ^023.

1251 Kakatiya ruler in Palnad Taluk south of Kistna.

571 of 1909.

Also in Repalle. V. R. Guntur, 581.

In Kumool 195, 223, 224 of 1905.

THE KAKATIYAS OF WARANGAL. 7 1

Another in Kurnool in 54th year.

In Ongole Taluk. B. & V. 940.I253

Also in Nellore Dt. B. & V. I. 37. "55

Another gift by his general KayasthaSahini. in Kurnool

Dt. 176 of 1905.

A Kalahasti chief Nallasiddhi recognises\ Vijaya-ganda- 1256

gopala as his over lord. 202 of 1903.

Inscriptions at Pottapi (Cuddapah) and in Nellore 1258

showing that the ruler was Manma-Siddha ft, Vijaya-

Gandagopala alias Nalla-Siddha. He succeeded his father

in 1250. 437 of 1911 : B. & V. 520, 595.

In Kurnool Ganapati was reigning. V.R. Kurnool. 405.* 259

In Nellore Manmasiddhi Vijaganda Gopala was reign-

ing. B. & V. 598.

In Kurnool in the 61 year of Ganapati gifts were made

to temples by the Kayashtha chief Gandapendera Janniga-

.deva and the Natavadi chief Kumara-Ganapati.

81, 208, 213, of 1905.

In Markapur Taluq (under the rule of Kota Ganapati

of Amaravati) gifts were made to a temple by a chief.

218 of 1905.

fKurnool. 196 of 1905.

Ganapati was ruling in -4

LNellore. B. & V. 1165. 1260

April 12, AC. P. Grant by him on the occasion of

solar eclipse.C. P. 4 of 1907

Ganapati died and was succeeded by his daughter

Rudramma who adopts male title.

The Telugu choda Manmasiddhi Vijayagandagflpala

was ruling in Gudivada. V. R. Kistna. 239-243.

and a local Pallava chief in Nellorc. B. & V, 599 ; 600.

A Kolanu Raja Yeragaya deva ruling in Tanuku.

741 of 1920.


1261 Kakatiya Rudramma or Rudradeva ruling Kurnool

194 of 1905.

1262 and in Guntur. 94 of 1917.

Kota Ganapati ruling in a part of Guntur.

1264 103 of 1917.

Rudramma's general Jannigadeva"Maharaja

" made

gift of a land to a temple. 550 of 1909.

1267 In Markapur Nal&siddhi son of Vijayagandagopalamade a grant of land. 175 of 1905.

1267 and he Was also ruling in Nellore. B. & V. 603*fift

In Ongole Taluk and in Nellore a village was granted

by Rudramma. B. & V. 1135, 584.

In Nandigama Taluq his general Kayashtha Sahani

Gwndamanaid made a gift of land. V. R. Kistna 278.

1270 Rudramma continued to rule in Nellore and in Guntur.

"7 X246 of 1905 and 660 of 1920.

1273 A gift to a temple by Kayastha Amba-deva grand-

son of Ganapati's general Gangayya Sahni in Kurnool.

1 68 of 1905.

Rudramma was ruling in Nellore. B. & V. 393.

1274 Rudramma was ruling in Guntur. 179 cf 1917.

1276 Kona Chief Ganapati ruling in Narsapur Taluq.SII. V. 66.

Rudramma ruling in Guntur District. 718 of 1920.

1277 In Anantapur the local ruler was Irugola Ghola

Maharaja. 40 of 17.

Rudramma ruling in Chebrolu. 609 of 1909.

t* 78 Rudramma ruling in Vinukonda Taluq.

5*3* 533. of 1913.

TelUgu Choda Manmasiddhi Vijayagandagopala

ruling in Ctujdappah. 417 of 191 1 .

THE KAKATIYXS OF WAttANGAL. 73

Rudramma ruling in Nellore. V. R. Ncllorc 57.

Kistna. 834 of 1922.

Ongole. B. & V. 1032.

Inscription in Nellore by Tirukklatti deva son of Vijaya- 1280-

gandagopala.*

B. & V. 417.

In Kurnool the Kayastha chief Ambadeva was ruling 1288

locally. 242 of 1906.

Oct. 27. Rudramma was reigning in Guntur.

130 of 1917.

Nov. 28. Rudramma ruling in Guntur. 536 of 1913. 1289

In Kurnool the Kayastha chief Ambadeva remitted 1290

some taxes. His over-Lord was Pratapa Rudra II.

267, 360, 174, 268 of 1905V. R. Kurnool 409.

Jatavarma Sundara Pandya penetrated into Cuddapah 1290

Nandalur Jn.

About this time Marco Polo the famous Venetian tra-

veller visited Warangal and described the reign of PratapaRudra.

Rudramma was reigning in Guntur. She dies in this 1291

year. Also Manmagandagopala's reign ended and he was

succeeded by his grandson Manmasiddha III.

SII. VI. 240.i

Manmasiddhi Vijayagandagopala died. He was also a 1291

great patron of Telugu literature. The famous Telugu Poet

Tikkana Somayaji who translated 15 parvas of the Maha-

bharatha was patronised by him. He wrote the Nirva-

chanottararamayanam and dedicated it to Manmasiddhi.

Genealogy of Manmasiddhi's family was given in it.

The Kayastha Amabadeva was ruling in Kurnool. Heclaims to have established at Nellore Mawnagandagopalawho had been deprived of his kingdom. 173 of 1905.

10

74 ANDRRA CHRONOLOGY.

1292 Kumara Pratapa Rudra was ruling in Guntur and

Kistna. 545 of 1909 ; 126 of 1897 ;

254 and 256 of 1892.

1 293 He is also ruling in Ongole Taluq. B. & V. 893 of 1 1 1 5.

1294 Pratapa Rudra ruling tn Guntur. V. R. Guntur 307.

and in Kurnool., 179 of 1905.

He claims to have cut off the head of Manmaganda-gopala.

Pratapa Rudra was ruling in Nellore. B. & V. 630.

1295 and in the Nandigama Taluq, Kistna District.

V. R. Kistna 252.

1296 Pratapa Rudra was reigning in Kurnool. 45 of 1909.

Dec. 26. In Nellore in the 6th year of Vijayaganda-

gopala Ranganadha alias Raja Gandagopala made a gift.

194 of 1894.

1297 Pratapa Rudra was reigning in Guntur.

B. & V. 1057 ;

570, 572 of 1909.

Raja Gandagopala was ruling in Nellore.

99 B. & V. 460, 832.

Pratapa Rudra reigning in Guntur. 565 of 1909.

X3 2 Jan. 10. Ranganadha Gandagopala ruling in Nellore,

in his tenth year. B. & V. 829.

Pratapa Rudra II was reigning in Palnad Taluq.

549 of 1909.

1303 Feb. 1 8. Pratapa Rudra II was reigning iaCkmtur.

173 of 1917 561 of 1909.

I3O7 and in Kurnool. V. R. Kurnool 512.

1309 and in Ouddappah and Kurnool.

616 of '1907 ; 260 of 1905^

THE KAKATIYAS OF WARANOAL. 75

Allauddia KiljiofDelhi invaded southern India ravaged

Pratapa Rudra'* territory and laid seige to Warangal.

Ptotapa Rudra had to submit and Allauddin returned 13*0

to Delhi with thousand camels laden with treasure.

Pratapa Rudra still recognised as ruler in Nellore and

Guntur. B. & V. 333, 994.

and in Kurnool and in the Paland Taluq. I3 11

V. R. Kurnool 97 ; 564 of 1909.

Pratapa Rudra continued to reign in Kurnool and 1312Nellore. V. R. Kurnool 23 and 326.

Feb. i and 26. Pratapa Rudra ruling in Kurnool,I 3 I 3

Nellore, Cuddappah and Guntur Districts. In one of the

inscriptions his general claims to have reduced the fortress

of Gandikota and Gonkayya Reddy was appointed as

Governor. 328, 329 of 1903 :

585 of 1909 and etc.

A certain Bukkaraya was ruling as local chief in Nellore. 1314B. & V. 642.

Pratapa Rudra II reigning in Guntur. 586 of 1909.

A local chief who had successfully fought against the

MaKammadans was honoured by the title Restorer of the

Kakatiya family. 1 1 1 of 191 7.

Pratapa Rudra reigning in Cuddapah, Nellore and 1315Guntur Districts.

'

432 of 1911 and

B. & V. 455, 1079.

Mar. 4. An inscription of Ranganadha Rajagopala. 1316

B. & V. 844.

Pratapa Rudra reigning in Palnad Taluq, Guntur Dis-

trict. 551 of 1909.

andinNdlore V. R. Nell. 552.

About this time Malik Kafur carried a raid in the

Deccan.

76 AfftfiRA CHRONOLOGY.

Mar. 25 and June n. Pratapa Rudra's General Muppidinayaka attained some success.

*

1317 May 19. Pratapa,Rudra was reigning in Guntur.

715 of 1920

and on the Godavari. SIX. V* 40.

and in Guntur. B. & V. 902.

1318 Prataparudra was reiginng in Kurnool and Guntur*

652 of 1920.

His general was Somayya Venkanna,

13*9 Praiapa Rudra reigning in Guntur. 573 of 1909.

1 320 Jan. 26. Pratapa Rudra reigning in Kurnool.

1 78 of 1905.

Mar. 1 6. in Nellore. B. & V. 589 and 590.

in Guntur. B. & V. 903 and 905.

1321 Pratapa Rudra reigning in Guntur. SII. VI. 212.

The Khilji dynasty came to an end in Delhi. Ghiya*suddin Taghluk became emperor. His son MahammedTaghluk was despatched to attack Warangal. He laid

siege to Warangal. Pratapa Rudra put up a stout defence

meanwhile the invading army was destroyed by an epidemic*

1322*

Oct. 15. Pratapa Rudra was reigning in Nellore*

C. P. No. ii of 1919.

B. & V. 561.

1323 and in Guntur. 604 of 1909.

Warangal was again attacked by forces from Delhi and

Pratapa Rudra was taken prisoner* His son Virabhadra

became king of the shrunken kingdom.

THE REDDIS OF KONDAVIPU. 77

Sep. 12. At Rajahmundry a Mohamznadan Mosque 1324

was consecrated by prince Mohamed Taghluk. This marks

the first incursion of the Muhammadans in the Godavari

District. Soon after the kingdom of Warangal was com-

pletely destroyed, and annexed to Delhi.

Jan. 5. Kakatiya Pratapa Rudra made a gift on the 1330occasion of a lunar eclipse last known date. B. & V. 538.

Sep. 2. Hoysala Ballab III was ruling in Anantapur 1340from 1317 to 1340. 81 of 1911, 738, 772,

780 of 1917.

Kakatiya Vinayaka, son of Pratap Rudra II was 1358

attacked by Muhammad Bahmani and had to pay him a

large indemnity.

Raja Vinayaka, grandson of Pratapa Rudra II was X 3^4

attacked by Muhammad Bahmani and was put to death by

being thrown into a furnace.

Kingdom of Warangal finally destroyed by AhmedShah.

THE REDDIS OF KONDAVIDU.

Prola or Prolaya Reddi of Kondavidu taking advantage 1335of the downfall of Warangal established himself as an inde-

pendent chief. A CP. grant was issued by him.

ER. 1919 App. 5. /

March 18. An inscription of Pro

claiming the conquest of Amaravati.

Prolaya Reddi ruling in Kurnool. His

Reddi.

Annavota Reddi make a gift to a tei

temple.Another grant by the same showing

south of the Kistna.

78 ANDHfcA CHRONOLOGY.

1353 The same was ruling in Ongolc Tq. B. & V. 1037.

1356 The same was ruling in Thriputanthakam in KurnooL

185 of 1904.

1358 Thc fiame passed an order confoiming the order of

Kakatiya Ganapati regarding the cargoes of wrecked ships.

SII. VI. 11, 601, 602 of 1909.

1361 The same defeated by the sons of Pratapa Rudra's

general Singa-Anapotaneedu and Madaneedu. Annavota

was succeeded by his brother Anavema. EL VIII. 12.

The poet Srinadha flourished at the court of AnavemaReddi.

1371 April 30, Dec. 27. Anavema Reddi ruling the country.

1922-23 C. P. 9, 15.

1377 He made a gift in the Godavari District. SII. V. 43.

1378 Jan. 6. He built a hall at Srisailam. He bore the title

Jaganobbaganda. 12 of 1915.

1380 Feb. 6. Anavema was ruling in the Amalapur Taluq in

Godavary. El. III. 59.

His son Komaragiri divided the territory and handed

over the Rajahmundry tract to his minister and brother-in-

law, Katayyavema who ruled as an independent chief.

^ El. VIII. 9.

1381 Anavema effected improvements at Draksharama. .

*SII. IV. 485.

1*385 . Vema Reddi son of Katayya vema ruling in the KistnaDistrict. 521 of 1893.

1386 Katayya vema III made a gift to the temple at Amara-vati. 259 of 1897.

1308 Annadeva made a gift of village in Markapur.rf 1905.

THE REDDIS OF KONDAVIDU. ' 79

Katayyavexna III son of Katayyavema II ruling in I39 1

Pithapur. The inscription contains the pedigree.

El. IV. 328.

Rachavema brother of Srigiri constructed an irrigationX39&

work in Nellore. B. & V. 549.

Pedda Komati vema granted a village. 1404

A.R.E. 1920 No. 13.

Jan. i .* He gave land to a temple. 1405V.R. Guntur 604 A.

Mallareddi III son of Srigiri and grandson of Pina- 1408

komati son of Mallah I brother of Prolaya made a gift of

land to a temple at Nellore. B. & V. 502 : 515.

Peda Komati ruling at Kondavidu. 538 of 1090. 1409

An Inscription of Komat vema.

162 of 1899 El. VIII. 12. 1410

Feb. 21. Suramambika wife of Peda Komati Reddi

made a gift. El. XI 31.

Gift of a village of Katamavema Reddi III in Kurnool.

84 of 1915.

Peda Komati ruling in Guntur.

E.R. 1920 App. A. 14. 1411

Katamavema II granted a village in-Konadesa in Goda-

vary. El. IV 318.

Peddakomati gave a village in the Velanadu country.I4 l *

G.P. VI 1908-09.

A.C.P. Grant issued by Peda Komativemareddi. 1413E. XI. 313-8.

Oct. 28. Katayyavema III ruling the country North *4 !4

of the Godavary. He built a hall at Drakshrama.

El. IV 328.

Vemayya Rachavcmanna son of Pedda Komati got 1415an irrigation channel dug in Guntur. 543 of 1909.

8O ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

A.C.P. grant of Komati Vemayya Reddi in Kondapalli.

The grants of 1412, 1413, and 1416 contain Telugu verses

composed by Srinadha. El. XI. 313 15, 51.

* Allada Reddi of Rajahmundry branch fought against

Peddakomati. SII. V. 41.

1416 A servant of Katayyavema III built a hall Draksharama

El. IV. 328.

14*7 Allada Reddi was at Draksharama. SH. IV. 485.

There is an invasion of the Godavari District by Firoz

Shah Bhahamini His general Alp Khan was defeated byAllada Reddi. Alp Khan also attacked and laid siege to

Pangal east of Raichur. The able defence of the Hindus

compelled Mohanimadans to retire. IA. XVIII. 188.

1419 An inscription of Vema Reddi son of Komati.

1920 C.P. 7.

The Reddi dynasty has disappeared from history. The

country has been invaded by Krishnadevaraya.El. VIII. 8.

VIZIANAGAR.1 335 About this time the Vijayanagar kingdom was founded

by two brothers Harihara I and Bukka I sons of Sangama.

1336 Harihararaya granted a village in Nellore District as

an agrahara. B. & V. I. 209.

! 347 Harihara ruling in Gooty. E. R. 1921 App. A. 9.

*352 Prince Sayana or Savana of Vijayanagar was mentioned

in an inscription in the Cuddappah district as ruling at

Udayagiri in Nellore. 503 of 1906.

Bukha was ruling at Penukonda. 522 of 1906.

1353 Kaxnpanna II was ruling at Kadiri, Anantapur Dt., for

his father Bukka I. His general Gopanna made a gift to a

temple. 523 of 1906*

1354 An inscription at Gorantla in Anantapur mentions' Saluva Mangi and his son Narasimha as ruling there. The

tetter built a temple. El. VI. 744

THE JtULERS OF VIJAYANAOAJU 8f

Virupanna or Virupaksha son of Bukka I was ruling

at Penukonda, and the fortress of Penukonda was fortified.

El. VI. 322.

May 31. The Bitragunta grant of Sangama II on the

anniversary of his father Kampanna's death.

1. III. 21, 118.

Kattaya Nayaka son of K|mpanna son of Kattari

Saluva Bukka was ruling in Kolar. v E.G.X. Bp. 31.

Bukka I was reigning in Udayagiri Rajya in Ncilore

and in Cuddapah then called the Paka Vishaya and the

Muliki desa, respectively ; also the Penukonda Rajya which

later includes Gutti. I. A. 1914, 7.

May 5. Grant of a village for a temple of Bhairava byBukka I in Kurnool. Mad. Mus. V. 5.

Kampanna was ruling in Chittoor Pulinadu tract.13631

309 of 1912.

Kampanna son of Bukka I ruling at Melpadi. Therecord mentions his minister Somappa. 89 of 1889,

3

Another record in Ghittoor shows Kampanna's cousin,

Sayana son of Kampanna I as ruling the country.

188 of 1903.

Savana was ruling in Cuddapah Dt. 504 of 1 906. 1 362

and in Nellore. B & V 847. 1364 ,

Oct. 24. Bukka I was ruling in Anantapur.

27 o> 1917,

His son Kampanna was ruling in Chittoor SII. I.

86-87.

and in Kolar. 163 of 1892.

Bukka I was reigning in Anantapur.*'

779 of 1917, 671 of 1922,

Oct. 15. Bukka's son Bhaskara Bhavadura {Bahadur) J

ruling in Udayagiri. El.^

It

82 , ANmtftA CHRONOLOGY

137 Bukka I was reigning in Cuddapah. V.R. Cud. 20.

In Kurnool a chief Gunda granted land to a temple.V.R. Kur. 631.

*$98 Bukka II ruling for his father Harihara II in Anantapur.

819 of 1917.

Jan. 23. He was residing at Penukonda.*

'

E.C.X/Gd. 6.

*S9 Grant of Parachur by Ramachandra, son of Devarayaand grandson of Harihara. B. V. I. i.

1392 Harihara II ruling in Anantapur. 338 of 1901*

1396 Prince Devaraya I son of Harihara II was ruling in

Cuddapah. V. R. Cud. 9*

and at Udayagiri in Nellore. V. R. Cud. n.

xSd9 Harihara II regining in Nellore in his 25th year.

B & V. 846.

May ix. Prince Devaraya I ruling in Guntur.

V. R. Gun. niB.

and in Qhittoor. 106 of 1921.

1401 Harihara reigning in Chittoor Dt. 192 of 1903.

1404 Harihara II built a hall in a temple at Srisailam.

1 1 of 1915.

1405 Devarfcya I was ruling in Chittoor, for hisbrother BukkaII in May, June and in Ag. (5). 313, 320 of 1922.

14*6 i. Aplfl 19. Devaraya I brother of Bukka ruling in

Chittoor. 319, 321 of 1923.

Bukka II died between August and November, and wassucceeded by his brother Devaraya I who was crowned on

i , November 5. EL XV. 8.

May 9i. Devaraya I reigning in Anantapur and in''

Kurnool. 401 of 1928. V.R. Kur. 252.

"Devaiaya I reigning in Cuddapah. 467 of 1906. and

:

in Nelbrc, B & V. 414.

THE JLULKRS OF VXJAYANAQAft. 8$

Mar. 20. Prince Vijayabhupati was ruling in Chittoor

and in Punganoor. 324 of 1912.

Sept. 8. He founded an agraharam in Palmaner.

CP. 6 of 1912-13.

His mother Hemambika queen of Devaraya I was the

daughter of Nallanuka Reddi and of Vema sani, sister of

Anavema Reddi.

Devaraya was ruling in Nellore. B & V. 350.I4 I5

Devaraya I was ruling in Nellore, where his son 14'6

Ramachandra was ruling as viceroy over Udayagiri.B. & V. 636.

Devaraya I was ruling in Anantapur. 526 of 1906. 1417

Devaraya II was ruling in Cuddapah recording the 14115

erection of a spire. V. R. Cud. 637.

A temple was built in Nellore by Saluva Sambaraya. 1426B & V. 1184 and 1202.

Devaraya II was reigning in Chittoor. 389 of 1911 ; 1427

479 of 1905.

Devaraya II was reigning in Nellore. B & V. 319 ;

Chejerla and Lingampadu C. P. grants of Devaraya.B. V. L 12, 149.

Devaraya II was ruling in Cuddapah. Grant of land1430*

to certain temples levies fee for every marriage.V. R. Cud. 139.

Devaraya II was ruling in Nellore. Grant of a village

by the local ruler to the Goddess Ganga Ramaswami

and in Anantapur. V. R. Nellore 80.

765 of 1917.

Devaraya II was ruling in Cuddapah. 606 of 1907. 1434V. R. Cud. 642.

Devaraya was ruling in Chittoor. 454 of 1905. i^gm

Devaraya II reigning in Cuddapah. V. R. Cud. 41. 144*

84 ANDHUA CHRONOLOGY.

i î In the Godavari district a local ruler Ayyappa Maharaja

of the Vatsa family is mentioned. SII. V. 37,

*444 In an inscription at Draksharama, the local ruler at

Rajahmundry was described as Maha Pradana of Deva Rayaof Vijayanagar. SII. IV 484.

145 l Mallikharjuna succeeded Devaraya and was reigning

in Kurnool. V. R. Kur. 601.

1455 The Gajapati king of Cuttack was ruling in the country

about Bezwada and Kondapalli. His officer Routarayamade a gift to a temple at Bezwada. I.A. XX. 390.

Saluva Narasimha son of Gunda gave a village near

Tirupati. He was also ruling in that tract. 253 of 1904.

1456 Suluva Tirumala son of Gopa made gifts to the templeat Srisailam. V. R. Kur. 489-^

1458 Feb. 4. Mallikarjuna was ruling in Kurnool.

22, 25 of 1915.

Humavun Bahamini king attacked the Telugu fortress

Devarakonda and suffered a heavy defeat, the defenders

being helped by troops from Orissa. LA. XXVIII 244.

1459 Mallikarjuna was reigning in Kurnool. V. R. Kur. 517.

and in Cuddapah. V. R. Cud. 516.

1462 Saluva Narasimha mentioned in Insn. at Tirupati.

1463 Saluva Timma son of Gunda and elder brother of Nara-

-64 aimha was also ruling. 69 of 1889 ; 249 of 1904.

1464 Purushottama Gajapati succeeded Kapileswara. His

seventh year fell in 1470-71. SII. V. 420, 458.

The Gajapati king carried on a raid from Kondavidu.

ER. 1919, para 47.

And was ruling in the Vizagapatam District.

285 of 1899.

Saluva Narasimha was ruling as Viceroy at Chittoor.

59 of 1889.

THE. RULERS OF VIJAYANAOAR. 85

Muhammad Bahamini made Nizam-ul-muluk Bahri 1477Kis Viceroy in Telingana tracts of Rajahmundry, Bellam-

konda, Kondapalli. Azim Khan was in charge of Warangal.

Virupaksha II was king at Vijayanagar. Saluva

.Narasimha was ruling for him in Cuddapah. 405 of 1911.

The King of Vijayanagar, usurper Saluva Naraiimha 1492

and his eldest son were murdered.

The Vijayanagar kingdom was usurped by his second son

Jmmadi Narasimha; Timmaraja his minister made a grant

in Kurnool. V. R. Kur. 602.

Immadi Narasimha continues to reign in Kurnool. 1492

f V.R. Kur. 516. -93

Immadi Narasimha was reigning at Kottakota near Madana- 1494

palli, in Chittoor Dt. A Mosque was built showing that

Muhammadans were infiltrating into the country. 438 of 1914.

March Immadi Narasimha was ruling in Anantapur, 1497

and in Guddapah. V. R. Anantapur."**

39 and Cud. 508.

His minister Narasanayaka acquires great influence over

him. ER : 1905 para 44.

NoV^. 5. The Gajapati king Vira Rudra son of Puru- 15

shottama reigning in Guntur. The Gajapati king was in

possession of Udayagiri and Kondavidu. 802 of 1922.

Immadi Narasimha was reigning in Kurnool. 1503

V. R. Kur. 551 and 552.

Prataparudra succeeded Purushottama Gajapati. One

Chittapakhan, a Hindu bearing a Muhanunadan title took

the fortress of Warangal from the Muhammadans.108 of 1902.

Aug 25. Immadi Narasimha gave a village in Chittoor 1504

District. Devulapalli plates 1. VII. 74.

Immadi Narasimha was assassinated. 1505Sewell Forgotten Empire 311-14.

8S AMDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

T Harasanayaka who usurped the Kingdom also died,

and Viranarasimha became king. He was ruling in

Kurnool in October, 1 6. i? 1 of *9 1 3-

1506 Viranarasimha was reigning in Cuddapah.-8 V. R. Cud. 62. 389 of 1904,

May, 7. Golkonda and other Bahmani governors

declare their independence.

1509 May 4. Viranarasimha was ruling at Tadpatri.

324 of 1892.

1509 July. Viranarasimha died and was succeeded by

Krishnadevaraya. In October he was ruling in Guddappah-

t 491 of 1906.

Prataparudra Gajapati was ruling in Udayagiri

region in Nellore. ER. 1 92 1 App. A 2 1 .

1510 Prataparudra was reigning in Vizagapatam.

377 of l &>5-

Krishnadevaraya remitted taxes on marriages collected

from brides and fbridegrooms a practice which had been

enforced previously. Saluva Timma was the' chief

minister. 38? of 1904-

1513 Krishnadevaraya laid siege to Udayagiri, granted a

village in the Polur Taluq in Nellore Dt. B & V. 1316.

1514 The fortress of Udayagiri was captured by Krishna-

devaraya. An uncle of the Gajapati king, Tirumalakanta

alias Raghavaraya and his wife were made prisoners. The

Gajapati king fled to Kondavidu. B & V. 1386.

Krishnaraya carried away from Udayagiri an image of

Krishna and erected a temple for it, in his capital. Some

villages were granted.B. V. 1382,

Aug, 20. Rayasam Kondamarasa was appointed as

governor of Udayagiri.* B& V. 1197.

The governor made several grants.

B & V. 536 and other

THE ftULSRS OF VlfAYAJIAGA*. 87

Krishnadcvaraya continued his invasion into the Tclugu 1515

country. He captured Addanki, Vinukonda, Bcllamkonda

and other towns.

June 23. He captured Kondavidu. El. VI. 108.

Virabhadragajapati son of Prataparudra was made

prisoner.

July 8. Krishnadevaraya visited Amaravati and after

weighing himself in gold made gifts to the temple. His

'queens were Tirumaladevi and Chinnadevi.

EL VII. ao.

July 15. Nagulavaram grant for a lunar eclipse to an

astromomer. B. V. I. 125.

July 25. Krishnaraya visited Srisailam and Ahobala

-where he gave gifts to the temples.

Nadendla Appanna son of Timmayya and nephew of

Saluvatimma was made governor of Gutti, Vinukonda and

Amaravati. His brother Gopanna was made governor ofxKondavidu. Afterwards they exchanged places.

El. VI. 230.

Krishnaraya next proceeded to Bezwada, and captured

Xondapalli. Prataparudra Gajapati's wife and son were

made prisoners and sent to Vijayanagar.

Oct 19, Virabhadra the Gajapati King's son pre-

viously captured was made Nayaka of a small tract in Mysore.

Krishnaraya inarched from Kondapalli to the north upto Simhachalam, where the Gajapati king submitted,

and his queen was taken as hostage. Peace wa* madebetween the two kings, and Krishnaraya married the Gaja-

pati king's daughter.

Kondamarasa, governor of Udayagiri granted a village 1516to a temple, B & V. 1187.

Boundary disputes between Kondapalli and Kondavidu

ivere settled. 325 of 1919*

?8 ASaOOLfL CHRONOLOGY.

Saluva Govinda was ruling in Cuddapah. 342 of 1905.

An inscription at Simhachalam shows that Krishnarayavisited the temple. SII. VI. 260-1,

He visited Kalahasti and erected a hundred pillar hall

in the temple. SII. VIII. 495.

In Cuddapah a gift was made for the merit of Krishna-

devaraya and Saluva Govinda. 342 of 1905*

1517 In Anantapur Kondamarasa made a gift to a templeso that Krishnaraya may be blessed with children. Shortly

after a son was born to the king. 87 of 11912.

Nov 4, Saluva Timma made a grant at Kalahasti.

113 of 1922.

1518 Saluva Govinda ruling in Guddapah. 343 of 1905.

Bahamani kingdom was broken up and Telingana fell

to the share of Kuli Kutb Shah of Golkonda.

1520 Kondamarasa was still the governor of UdayagirLB & V. 542 and 1 170.

May 2. Nadella Gopa was governor at Kondavidu.

El. VI. 230.

'S21 Krishnaraya was supreme in Guntur.

1522 Krishnadevaraya was supreme at Ghittoor and Cuddapah

In Cuddapah the Telugu chief Matlakumarayya was

locally ruling. V.R. Cud. 832.

1584 Krishnaraya's son Tirumala (a boy of six or seven) wasmentioned as ruling at Gorantla in Anantapur. The rule

Was nominal. 91 of 1912 ; 181 of 1913*

Near Kondapalli and Bezwada some villages were

endowed by Kutbshah of Golkonda for the support of a

c, charity. 153 of 1913.

1526 Krishnaraya's brother Achutaraya was Viceroy in Ncl-

lore. B & V. 802.

1527* '

Krishnaraya was supreme in Chittoor.

THE RULERS OF VIJAYANAOAR. 89

Rayasam Ayyappa of the family of the Governor made 1527a grant of a village in Udayagiri. B. & V. 615,

April 29, Oct. 27, Krishnaraya was supreme in 1529Kurnool. El. XIV. 168 15 of 1915

and (July 28) in Nellore. B & V. 362.

March 14. Achutaraja was reigning in Anantapur. 1530

453 of *920-" !

March 20. One of Golkonda sultan's officers at Konda- 1531

palli made a charitable gifts of two villages. 152 of 1913.

Oct. 29. Achutaraya's son Venkatadri jvas ruling in

Anantapur. 374 of 1912.

Salakam Tirumala, brother-in-law of Achutaraya 1533^

granted a village near Nellore. He is also mentioned

in Anantapur. B & V. 432. 51 of 1912.

G. P. grant of Polcpalli. B. V. I. 69.

KUTBSHAHS OF GOLKONDA.

Kuli Kutb shah of Golkonda defeated the Gajapati king 1540-

in a battle near Rajahmundry. The whole of the territory

between the Godavari and the Kistna rivers was ceded to

Golkonda.

Achuta reigning in Chittor. He had a son prince 1541Venkatadri. 373 of 191

C. P. grant of Yadavalli. B. V. I. 91.

April 5. Achuta reigning near Penukouda. *54*

177 of 1913.

June. Achuta died. His son Venkatadri died soon

after.

August 6. Sadasiva ruling at Chittor. 154$

A Hindu rebellion in Golkonda with the help of Vijaya-

nagar. Efforts were made to take several fortresses.

G. P. grant of MamidipundL B. V. 1 . 98. 1549*12

9* AKDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

1556 CL P. grant of 31 villages in Chandragiri Division, nowin the British Museum* EL IV. I.

1558 Guntur and other forts ceded by Golkonda to Rama Raj.

1543- Ramaraja, brother-in-law of Sadasiva his brother Yen*

I559katadri and Tirumala and other relations are all powerfulin the state. They make grants in Kurnool, in Nellore

Udayagiri in Cuddapah in Rayadrug (Bellary) and in

Anantapur . . . Several Ins.

1565 The battle of Talikota. Ramaraya, the Vijayanagarachief was defeated and killed by the Bahamini kings. Sada-

sivaraya changed his capital to Pcnukonda, the town of

Vijayanagar being destroyed.

1566 Feb. 19. Rangappa a member of the Aravidu family

governing the fortress of Kondavidu for Sadasiva.

V. R, Guntur 354.

*58i Ibrahim Kutubshah of Golkonda died and was

succeeded by Muhammad Kuli.

1584 Inscriptions of Sri Raagaraja in Cuddapah and

Kurnool. 70 of 1915 ; 607 of 1917.

1587 Venkatapati was ruling in Kurnool. V.R. Kur. 109.'

By this time the Kutbushahs of Golkonda became

rulers of Circars.

1589 Muhammad Kuli changes his capital from Golkonda

to Hyderabad.

1601 Venkatapati I of Vijayanagar reigning in Kurnool.

V. R. Kur. 439.

Mangalampad grant. B. V. I. a5.

2614 Grant of the village Narava to the temple at Simâ-chalam under order of Kuli Kutbshah. 373 of 1905.

1612 Kuli Kutbshah died at Golkonda, and was succeeded

by his brother Abdullah.

1614 Venkatapati Raja of Chandragiri died and was

succeeded by his nephew Rama Deva III who was deposed,x compelled to murder his family and take his own life.

REGENT RULBR8. gi

The English abandon Masulipatam and a factory was 1698

built at Dugarajapatnam which was renamed Armagam and

mounted with 12 guns.

Pedd* Venkatallwas ruling in Anantapur. 807 of 1917, 1638

CP. 17 of 191 1. 4

Madras was granted to the East India Company. 1639

Abdullah ofGolkonda was ruling in Nellore. B & V. 624. ^41

Abdullah of Golkonda captured Udayagiri. 1642B & V. 1385.

Vcnkatapati Raja ofChandragiri died and was succeeded

by Sri Eanga Bayal.

Sriranga III was reigning in Kurnool from Penukonda. 1643

691 of 1927.

Sriranga III was reigning in Anantapur. Kallada- ^45kurichi Grant. El. VII 545 App.

Mention is made of Koneti Obala Raja of Nandyal.

Ulsur grant of Sri Ranga. B. V. I. 41.

THE MOGULS.

Aurangazeb attacked Golkonda and annexed it to the 1687

Moghal Empire.

An inscription in Kurnool mentions the Sultan Padsha 1707

or Emperor of Delhi as the sovereign. V.R. Kur. 502*

Vettkata IV ruling at Chandragiri. E.R. 1915 A-4* 1708

THE NIZAM.

Asafjah the Viceroy ofthe Deccan fought againstMubariz 1734Khan defeated and killed him. Hyderabad became inde-

pendent of the Moghal Empire.

THE FRENCH.

The French induced Salabat Jung to make several 1753concessions to them and thus obtained Ellorc, Rajahmundry,and Chicacolc Circars.

<M? ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

THE BRITISH.

1766 The Northern Circars were ceded to the East India

Company by the Nizam of Hyderabad in return for paymentto him of 9 lakhs of rent and promise of military help.

This was confirmed by a grant from the Emperor ofDelhi,and the Circars became British possessions.

1785 Grants of Villages by Tippu Sultan in Cuddappah-88 District. V. R. Cud. 364, 390.

1800 Nizam Ali Nawab of Arcot ceded to the English

Cuddapah and Kurnool.

1823 By arrangement with the Nizam the English Companybecame the absolute owners of the Circars.

. EASTERN GANOAS.

GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

EASTERN GANGAS.

Gunarnava

Devendravarman (183, 184, 192)

AnantavannanI

:

Nandwafman DevcndfEvunian^

Rajendravmrman

Aoaatavarman Dcvendrmvarmmn

RajendravarmanSatyavarxnan Anantavarman

Indravarma

Naraiimha

Devendravarma

94 ANDHRA OHROHOLQgY.

GENEALOGY OF CHALUKYAS.!

Pulikdin II (Wcttcrn) Kubja Vishnuvardhana I (Eastern)

Vikraxnaditya Jayasixnha Indrabhattaraka

Vinayaditya Vishnuvardhana II

Mangi Yuvaraja

] *"~| * I

Jayaiunha II Vishnuvardhana III Kokkfli

Vijayîitya I (Bhattaraka) Mafigi Yuvaraja T I

Viihnuvardhana IV

Narcndra Mrigaraja Vijayaditya II

Kali Viihnuvaidhana Vil

Gunaka Vijayaditya III Yuvaraja Vikraxnaditya Yuddhamalla I

Ghalukya Bhima ITadapa I

Kollabhiganda Vijayaditya IV Vikramaditya Yudhamalla II

Ammaraja I Ghalukya Bhima II

t Tala IIBeta Vijayaditya V ]

' s

|

Danaraava Ammaraja II

&AITKRK OHALUKYAS.

B B J S

a-

HH

4

g

ANDHRA CHRONOLOGY.

TELUGU GHODAS.

Betta I

Mamma Siddhi I alias Nalla Siddhi Betta II Tammu Siddhi

Tikka I

Mamma Siddhi II (Patron of the Poet Tikkana)Vijayagandagopala

VELNADU CHIEFS.

Gonka I

Rajendra C2hoda I

Gonka II

Rajendra Ghola II

Gonka III

Prithiviswara

KAKATIYAS.Prola

_L

Pratapa Rudra I Mahadeva

Ganapati

PratapaRudra II

Viimbhadra

EASTERN OANGAS (DYNASTY *) 97

EASTERN GANGAS (DYNASTY 2)

Vajrahaita

Gundazna TVtfrihu Kaxnarnava

Vajrahaita

Devendravarma Rajaraja-m-Rajafundari(d of Kulottunga Gholm devm)

Anmntavarma Chod-ganga.(by three wivet)

Madhu Raghara Anantavarma AniyanJca BhimaRajaraja |

II Rajaraja III

i Bhima

Naraiimhal

Bhanudeva

Naratimhall

Bhanudeva II

Pcdda Naraiimha III

Vira fehanu III

Naraiimha IV

Bhanudeva IV

APPENDIX I.

SUMUARY OF HiOUEN-TSANG's TRAVELS IN THE

TELUOU COUNTRY.

From Konguto (?), going 1400 or 1500 li, he came to

Kalinga. The country was said to be about 500 li in circuit,and its capital 20 li round. According to one identification,the capital is Rajahmundry or Koringa. But, according toanother calculation it must be sought for near Vizianagaramor Kalingapatam. As modern scholars have identified

Kalinganagara in inscriptions with Mukhalingam, in the

Patiakimidi Zamindari (El. IV. 183, XVII. 332), I venture

to suggest that this was the place described by Hiouen-

Tsang. The traveller describes the land as cultivated andalso full of forests. Among the fauna he mentions a wild

elephant and the climate was said to be very hot. Thepeople were said to be impulsive but trustworthy*

From this, going north-west he came to the country of

Kiao-sa-lo or Kosala which is probably the country watered

by the upper feeders of the Mahanadi and Godavari. It

corresponds to modern Bastar and other OrisSa states. But

the rivers are not mentioned. After travelling 900 li

nearly, he came to the country of Antolo or Andhra. The

capital is called Pingki (lo) or Vengi but other identifi-

cations are suggested. The country is cultivated, the soil

btfing rich and fertile, but the temperature is very hot.

The party then came to Dhanakataka and its capital had

been identified with the modern Bezwada. But there i*

reason to think that Bezwada had not then been founded.

If so, the identification is doubtful. The capital may be

the city near Nagarjuna-Konda which has since completely

disappeared and the ruins of which are the-

monograph in the Government of India

people belonged to different religions,

learning very much. To the east of the <

near a mountain, called the Poorvasila

another called Avarasila. The latter isl

fied with Amaravati. To the east oft

mountain cave. The river Krishna was

From here the party went to the

APPENDIX II.

If, to the list of the inscriptions mentioned in pp. i 16 of thi

book, the following lists are added being all the dated inscriptions c

S. India, we get the, complete proof that the week and the nameof the week days were unknown in Southern India before 631 A.C

KSHAHARATAS.

COto

l* . *3 ** ,

en

M in to 19Of + Cl

H Cl CO CfC* (Od Cf

? 2 ?* 2. - VH $N ,2a -a .-1rt oi o;<

CO

E Ig-la III

5

.4

M

&

&

'iii

ri* APPENDIX tt

ir>O

O)

O>

!

I

M<lS? S*5

llw

4* f^ IM Q2 o <4*c5

(Cf Cf

|6

1

g

M

-

f c. J .ajj

Ij

i-J

ADDENDA.

Pagt Lin

31 end of the table

44 Above 6 from bottom

64 17

69 Between 5 and 6

71 3

78 before line 7

78 After 13

79 After line 9

80 After 14

Addition

Tandikonda El. XXIII. 161.

Granting four villages to 4

temple 958*

1058 In Guntur E. Ghalukya

Raja Raja was ruler- 63,

671 of 1920.

1082 April 2 Khorni plates

JAMS. I. 40.

Hanumakonda Ins. of RudraDeva IA. XL 9. 1162.

After Dt. add Sarngapuram G.P.

1358 Koduru grant pf the

same for a solar eclipse*

El. XXV. 137.

1361 Inr. of the same at

Amaravati. SII. VI. 115.

1374 Aug. 22 Grant of same

for a lunar eclipse El. XXI.

269

Grant of the right of worship x

in the temple of Malakonda.

B. V. I. 23.

143 1 Jan. 14. Konkuduru plates

of Allaya Dodda El. V. 53.

<434 Jan* 7* Vemavaram plates

of Allaya Dodda XIII. 237.

Dec. 27. In. of Mallambika,wife of Vemayya Reddi at

Bhimavaram SII. V. 12.

1437 Last known date ofReddis

* 24 of 1893.

15 (in margin) 1443.

ERRATA.

EMUU*

Pagt

40

*i

4O43 I

45 I

47J

44

45

465*

56

59

63

64

65

Line

67

68

69

70

18

9*last

heading

13

28, 30

3 from end

5 from end

2

Last two lines

i

6

13 from bottom

10, II

18

1916

18

19

19-^1

last

16

18

26

G641Eastern

Eastern

Chalukyas

Brother

Koppam8

)was ruling

BapatlaEL VII. 123;

B.&V.II.735.

Virabam II

HI. 95EXXII

4 128

3 371262 (line 3) and 103 of 1917

(lines)

1264 (line 5)

14

G9VWestern

Gangaiof

Kalinga

Brothor

Kuppam

was ruling)

Bopatla

1041905

9971410999 9981006 1012

omit Rellivalsa and put it in line

inline 10 nMukhalingam Mahendragiri

1130 1135VI V1 192 should be in line 17

1250 should be in line 18

should go to the end of thepageand

307 of 1904 EL VI. 268

I II

Virabhanu III

V. 143El

XXI188

137should be in line 4.

should be in line fr

to6 BRRATA

Pagt

73 '6

77 4-58

ii

i

4

20

24

XJM

78

78

79

8o

28

2

6

24-25i

2

6

3

18

9

for nod

Jn In

Was. .annexed had to pay tribute

Ballab

Kakatiya..Rudra II

Grandson..

Rudra II

marginProla or Pro-

layyaBetween * 18 '

and * an *

Ballala

Kanhiya Nayaka

son of Kanhaiya

Nayaka1424

Vemayya

A. C. P. Grantingthe village of

Atukur. Also anmakes.

Tripurantakam

make

Thriputanthakamdelete SII. VI. ii.

omit the lines and insert 1410 in

line 16

omit the lines

Kondapalli Aminabai

1412 1410after* lair 'at*

XVIIIKrishna

E. I. VIII. 8

Vizianagar

3 under Vijayanagar

4, 6 Mamma

XXVIIIPratapaSII. IV. 484

Vijayanagaromit the line

Maxima

INDEX OF PERSONS.

io8 INDEX OF PERSONS,

IXO INDEX OF PBRIONS.

INDEX OF COPPER PLATE GRANTS.

AhadanakaramAkulamannaduAlamandaAlasAminabadAttili

BezwadaBitraguntaBrihastprosthaBritish MuseumGaxnbayChandalur I

GharaYaGheedivasla

ChcjerlaChellur

Chicacolc I

II

i> HI

GhuraDarsi

DepudiDevulapalliDhavalapeUDinapaduEdcruduvadalapalcm

ElavarruEllore I

II

HI,, Garavtpadu

GodavariGrommuluru

Khorni (a)

PAOB

2991062080

11

4321

20

63,8?8579

2Q

y39,%

30216

22

P8730

n420222168

30

21

44us82

14

ao

9soii

119 INDEX OF COPPER PLATE GRANTS.

Pikirm

PittapurPolamuru I

Polamuru II

PolepalliPurle

RadhanpurRagoluRamatirtham

Ranaithipundi

ibu

P*QE

II

SatulurSiddlmntam

SjmhapmSiripununSouxnyavaxiaSringavarapukotaTalamanchiTamaracfaeruvu

8 Tandikonda

49 Tandivada

15 Teki90 Tckkali

PAGE

30

II

.

10 Telugu Academy13 Ttimnftpy^yn49 Tirithana

9i Tiruvalangadu43 Togurchedu90 Trandaparru10 Urlam14 Urutur

38 Uttur

71 Vandram96 Vandrapitqru38 Vangipami63 Vedatalur19 Vcmavaram14 Vemulapadu19 Vilavatuao Vizagapatam

Zuzzur

10

$39451910

4391

30

39

INDEX OF ECLIPSES.

LUNAR

691 Feb.

695 Nov.

41 July73 Oct

690 Feb.BetweenBetweenBetween

1053 Nov".

1149 Aug.

PAGESOLAR

15 368 April33 37 651 Dec.

19 659 July9i 678 Jan.36 719 May93 749 Dec. .

95 801 0/802 June44 848 Jan.54 856 July77 8<H or 9578 1960 April07 1556 Nov.

PAOI

8

369O91

* 3536,39

3636

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