(Photo by Richard F. Hope)

Old Post Office Building (62-67 Centre Square, now The CarmelCorn Shop and (together with Easton Sweet Shop Building next door) Valença Restaurant, with condominiums upstairs)

2-1/2 story building with Mansard roof, covering the front of two town lots facing Centre Square. The first two floors are made of stone. A stone basement lies under the southern half of the building (but not under the northern part).1 The Easton Building Description Survey duly assigned a “Second Empire” architectural style to the building based upon the Mansard roof, but nevertheless estimated a much earlier construction date c.1810-20 for the basic structure.2 In fact, based upon the building’s history, portions of it appear to date from the even earlier Revolutionary War period.

Early History: Dr. Ledlie

The building sits on the front (western) portion of two Original Town Lots (Nos. 78 and 79), as laid out by William Parsons at the founding of Easton in 1752. Today, the building is connected at all levels to the Easton Sweet Shop Building (also once known as “Maxwell’s Corner”), which sits on the adjacent front (western) portion of the adjacent Lot (No.77) at the corner with Northampton Street. However, the two buildings were historically separate. Pictures dated to 1887 and the early 20th Century show them clearly

1 Interview with George Miercles, owner of Valença Restaurant and recent building renovator (3 July 2008).

2 City of Easton, Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form, Attachment: Building Description Survey Area 1 Zone E (City Council Resolution approved 12 May 1982).

separated by a small gap or “baker’s alley”, and recent renovations confirmed that the stone basements were originally also separate structures (although there is now a communicating passageway between them).3

Engraving of 18874 Photo of 19065

The layout of these Original Town Lots (from which a number of conclusions are derived below) is as follows:6

Sitgreaves Alley

Cu r c h

Original Lot No. 80 (Stables)

OriginalLot No.79 - - - - - - - (OldPost Office Bldg.)

OriginalLot No.78 - - - - - - - (OldPost Office Bldg.)

OriginalLot No.77- - - - - - - -(Easton SweetShop)

North-ampton

Street

A l l e y

Original Lot No.81 (Everhard’s Hotel; later “Chippy” White’s Hotel Annex)

Centre Square

Controversy surrounds the early history of the Old Post Office Building. Its uncertain origins are illustrated by two front-page newspaper articles that appeared on 17 October 2006, reporting the fire that damaged the building the day before. THE EXPRESS-TIMES, an Easton newspaper, reported that the building had been built in 1828 by Colonel

4 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 181 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). The same picture appears in William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 147 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984) with the caption “Col. Peter Ihre’s House 1828”, but the caption date appears to refer to Heller’s understanding of when the house was constructed rather than the date of the drawing. See id. at 145.

5 From Photo File, Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library. 6 A.D. Chidsey, The Penn Patents in the Forks of the Delaware Map 2, plots 88-89

(Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, 1937). See generally Northampton County Tax Records Map, www.ncpub.org.

3 Visual Inspection and Interview with George Miercles, owner of Valença Restaurant and recent building renovator (3 July 2008).

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Peter Ihrie.7 By contrast, THE MORNING CALL, an Allentown newspaper, related a statement by Easton’s Mayor dating the building to before the Revolutionary War, and naming it the third-oldest building in the city. 8 Both views have support, and ultimately both views appear to contain elements of fact.

Original Town Lot No.79 was originally acquired from the Penn Family by John Jones (of Bethlehem Township) in 1755.9 The property was then passed to their son, Jesse, in 1770.10 In 1773, the Jones Family sold the property to Thomas Miller (a Bucks County merchant) for £ 40.11 By 1776, Dr. Andrew Ledlie (probably Easton’s first – and at that time only – physician12) was already occupying the Lot when he purchased it from Miller.13 Ledlie, apparently originally an immigrant from Ireland,14 also acquired Lot No.78 (now incorporated into the Old Post Office Building and Lot No.77 (now the Easton Sweet Shop Building at 345-51 Northampton Street).15 During the American Revolution, Dr. Ledlie was suspected of pro-British sympathies,16 although he did at some point serve as a surgeon in the Revolutionary Army (Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment).17 He became unpopular in Easton due to his “clouded . . . relations with his house-keeper”.18 The Revolutionary Committee that effectively took over the government of Northampton County during the early part of the Revolutionary War, passed a resolution on 31 August 1776 that:

“Nell Hunt otherwise called Nell Marr is a common scold and a common disturber of the peace of the town of Easton and has been so for several years past and that she is aided and abated [sic] in her disorderly proceedings by Dr. Andrew Ladie [sic] who has kept her as housekeeper and whore for many years.”19

Dr. Ledlie petitioned the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention against the “great ill-usage by some of the inhabitants” of Easton as a result.20

Notwithstanding Dr. Ledlie’s housekeeper and politics (or perhaps because of them), he was appointed by the Commissary Department of the Revolutionary government to (among other things) look after prisoners of war on parole in Northampton County, and in Sussex County, NJ.21 One of these paroled prisoners was a Hessian stonemason named Isaac Klinkerfuss, employed at Valentine Beidleman’s mill and a neighbor, Abraham Haynze, in Phillipsburg.22 Klinkerfuss met and married a local New Jersey farm girl, with the permission of Robert Levers (the Easton Revolutionary administrator who publicly read the Declaration of Independence on July 8, 1776). Dr. Ledlie also consented to the marriage license,23 but then arrested the Hessian mason and held him in Easton’s jail. Dr. Ledlie finally agreed to “free” Klinkerfuss only if the mason agreed to build (without pay) a new stone house for Dr. Ledlie,24 receiving only his board in return, and consequently being forced to lodge in the Easton jail each night. He was not allowed to visit his friends or new wife25 (who was now pregnant). Under

7 Sarah Cassi, “Blaze at landmark saddens onlookers”, THE EXPRESS TIMES, Tuesday, 17 Oct. 2006, p.1, at 2. See generally Article, “Historical Centre Square building battered by fire”, THE EXPRESS TIMES, Tuesday, 17 Oct. 2006, p.1.

8 Joe McDonald & Tracy Jordan, “Blaze inflicts severe damage to historic Easton building”, THE MORNING CALL, Tuesday, 17 Oct. 2006, p. 1. Mayor Phil Mitman relied on local custom, according to correspondence with the author, but his view does find support in the authorities who claim that the building was Easton’s second post office in the 1790s (see below), as well as the building’s basic stone construction.

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this arrangement, Klinkerfuss built the Doctor a new house in November 1781.26 “The thrifty Doctor rendered an expense account to the Government for over a year’s board and lodging, thereby getting the mason work on his new home without any personal expense. . . . Beidleman and Levers finally secured his release through an act of the Committee of Safety and Congress.”27 Klinkerfuss later “became an influential citizen of Warren County”, New Jersey.28 According to Historian William Heller’s account of this story, in approximately 1912 part of Dr. Ledlie’s Hessian-built stone house remained adjoining the “north rear” of the Old Post Office Building.29 No separate building stands there today.30 However, the remains of Dr. Ledlie’s Hessian-built stone house may be included in the “north rear” portion of the Old Post Office Building, where Valença Restaurant now has its kitchen; this area is distinct from much of the rest of the building, because it does not have a basement underneath.

In 1790, Dr. Ledlie’s residence was considered to have been the “best house in Easton”.31 However, his dealings with the Hessian mason (and perhaps his relationship with his housekeeper) had resulted in the Doctor losing “the respect of the entire community”. He became “financially involved”, losing “all his worldly possessions and finally died a friendless man.”32 In later life, he was forced to moved to a “small frame building” on what is now South Second Street.33 His will gave half of his property to his housekeeper, Eleanor Hunt – the same “Nell Hunt” who had received criticism during the Revolution – and the other half to his illegitimate son (by Bridget Butler).34 A codicil also directed that his gravestone was to bear an epitaph copied from dramatist John Gay’s tomb in Westminster Abbey:35

“Life’s a jest and all things show it,Once I thought so, now I know it.”36

In 1796-97, after Dr. Ledlie’s death, all of this property on the Square was sold by the Sheriff to pay off debts.37 (The estate was sufficiently involved that it still had not been settled in 1807.38) Inspection of the property sale deed recitals indicates that Dr. Ledlie’s Estate owned a stone “Mansion” on the northern portion of Lot No.78 (where he had died), and another “Stone House” (as well as a “frame House”) on Lot No.79.39 The Stone House on Lot No.79 (as the more northerly of the two) is apparently the one built by Hessian mason Klinkerfuss. These two stone houses appear to be the basis of the connected Old Post Office Building standing today, but in the 1790s they were apparently not yet joined together into “longstone house”, as they would later become.40

The Ross Post Office

All of Dr. Ledlie’s property on the Square was ultimately acquired by John Ross.41 Ross was “one of the leading lawyers of that day, and afterwards became a member of Congress, a Judge of the District Court, and also of the Supreme Court of [Pennsylvania].”42 He was also appointed as Easton’s second Postmaster by President John Adams on 1 Oct. 1797. During the nine months that he held that office, Ross

36 Charles McIntire, Physic and Its Practitioners in Old Northampton: an Historical Sketch for the Jubilee Meeting of the Medical Society of Northampton County, 19 (paper read 13 June 1899, first printed in Lehigh Valley Medical Magazine, reprinted by Chemical Pub. Co. 1900).

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located the Post Office in the northern part of the Old Post Office Building, according to some authorities.43 The federal “Window Tax” assessment of 1798 recorded John Ross as owning in Easton Borough a 2-story stone house 20’ X 30’, with wood frame kitchen, outhouse and stable out-buildings, all together worth $1200.44

Easton had been included in a postal route since the beginning of the American Revolution.45 An official Easton Post Office was established on March 20, 1793, in response to the federal Congressional postal system set up a year earlier. The site of the official Post Office in Easton was moved regularly by successive postmasters after 1793.46

In 1800, Ross obtained formal title to original town Lot Nos.77 and 78 from the Penn Family for £80.47 He sold the eastern (rear) halves of his three Centre Square lots, along Northampton Street, to Samuel Sitgreaves in 1812, for the construction of the “Sitgreaves’ Folly” Mansion.48 In the street diagram above, these are represented by the portions of the Lots above the dotted lines.

General Peter Ihrie

The front (western) part of all three lots facing Centre Square -- including the two lots of today’s Old Post Office Building, and the corner lot of the Easton Sweet Shop Building -- ultimately became the property of John Ross’s daughter, Camilla49 (1801-4150). She married Peter Ihrie51 Jr. (1796 – 187152), a prominent Easton lawyer who served two terms in the US Congress from 1829-33,53 and was commissioned a Colonel54 and later a General55 in the militia. Peter Ihrie‘s father, also named Peter Ihrie56 (1765 – 1833),57 built a mill in Easton on the Bushkill Creek opposite Goose Island58 in 1829 or 1830,59 on a site taken over from Col. Peter Kichline (see below). The General’s grandfather, Conrad Ihrie,60 was an immigrant from Germany (born 1731)61 who became a farmer in Forks Township, and later operated the tavern on South Pomfret (now 3rd) Street that housed Robert Levers and the national documents during the Revolutionary War. He also owned land on the other side of South 3rd Street, including another hotel that General Peter Ihrie also acquired in due course.62 General Ihrie’s other grandfather was Col. Peter Kichline (1722-89,63 also spelled Kachlein and numerous other variants64).

Col. Kichline was the owner of one of Easton’s earliest gristmill and saw mill.65 He became the Sheriff of Northampton County from 1765 to 1768 and again from 1771 until 1774.66 He was made Colonel of the “Flying Camp” troops sent to aid General Washington early in the Revolution, and was wounded and captured at the Battle of Brooklyn (Long Island) in 1776. At that battle, Col. Kichline’s troops were (erroneously) said to have initially stood off their regular British Army opponents and to have killed one of the opposing British field commanders (General Grant). Actually, the British move was actually a skirmishing feint, allowing them to outflank the other end of Washington’s army and force those troops not killed or captured to flee the battlefield.67 Nevertheless, Col. Kichline’s reputation held (since his unit had apparently held off the British for a time). After the War, he remained prominent, and was made the first Chief Burgess of Easton when it was made a borough in 1789.68

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Col. Kichline’s daughter Elizabeth married Peter Ihrie (Sr.) and the couple had a dozen children, one of whom was the General, Peter Ihrie (Jr.).69

Peter Ihrie (Sr.) acquired the location of the Kichline saw mill, and replaced it with a fulling mill in 1829 or 1830. “[T]his business being unprofitable it was changed to an oil mill, and after a fair trial, the trouble of obtaining flax seed was so great, it was changed into a grist mill. This property remained in the hands of Peter Ihrie till his death; it then passed into the hands of his son Benjamin, who sold it” to Adolph Groetzinger.70 By 1877, Groetzinger’s mill, then known as the Mount Jefferson Flouring-mill, was grinding “nearly 30,000 bushels of grain annually.”71

Historian William J. Heller claims that the current Old Post Office Building was built by Peter Ihrie (Jr.) “back in the [18]20’s”,72 with a subsequent picture of the building captioned “1828”.73 It does seem likely that Peter and Camilla Ihrie took up residence here before John Ross’s death and the property’s formal partition in 1835.74 It is also perhaps significant that many of the underlying Deeds evidencing the chain of title to Lot No.79, which had never been recorded in the County Court either when they were made or even to support the 1801 sale to John Ross, were all suddenly recorded in 1820 and 1821, even though no real estate sale occurred on that date.75 It seems plausible that John Ross gave possession of the property to his daughter and son-in-law (the Ihries) at about that time, and that the family attorney “cleaned up the records” for the event. It also seems likely that the young couple might have extensively renovated the building in preparation for moving in. Indeed, it might have been on this occasion that Dr. Ledlie’s old “Stone House” was connected to his “Mansion” to create the present building configuration (called a “longstone house” by one artistic cataloger76), thus making Historian Heller’s account substantially correct. All of this remains a supposition, however, subject to the discovery of further evidence on the point.

In March of 1831, an extensive fire started in the Sitgreaves’ Folly property at the corner of Northampton and Sitgreaves Streets.77 Although the adjoining tailor shop was pulled down to contain the fire, cinders were blown by the wind78 which set another 8 buildings including White’s Hotel on Centre Square, the German (First Reformed) Church on North Third Street, and Peter Ihrie’s Mansion. Aside from extensive damage to the two Sitgreaves Estate buildings involved, Easton volunteer fire companies apparently saved the other buildings involved.79 One newspaper article recorded:

“At one time, we all expected that at least one-fourth part of the Borough would be destroyed. . . . At one time it was thought impossible to save the dwelling house of Col. Ihrie, and the hotel and other buildings of Mr. White. In consequence, all the goods, &c., were removed from these buildings – but happily our fears were unfounded.”80

Peter Ihrie used his Centre Square building both as his residence and law offices until the early 1870s (at Nos. 77 and 79 Public Square, respectively, under the street numbering scheme in effect at the time).81 Among other things, a young Andrew Reeder studied law here, to begin his career as an Easton lawyer and politician and appointed Governor of Kansas Territory.82

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Centre Square, looking North. Peter Ihrie’s “longstone house” is on the right. From a watercolor by Mary Elizabeth Maxwell (later, Mrs. Washington McCartney), c.1835.83

Captain Jacob Hay

Camilla (Ross) Ihrie died in 1841 in Easton. General Ihrie married again in 1852, to Elizabeth M. Roberts. He died in 1871.84 In 1872, presumably as a result of the end of General Ihrie’s life estate, it became time to dispose of Camilla Ross Ihrie’s property. Her heirs declined to partition her properties, and instead the combined Centre Square properties were sold to Captain Jacob Hay,85 a prominent Easton businessman. Captain Hay’s store was located at what is now 339 Northampton Street; in addition, Hay was responsible for starting the housing development of mansions for his friends in the area of North 14th Street.86

Hay appears to have been an ardent supporter of the Union cause during the Civil War. At the beginning of the Civil War (in 1861) Jacob Hay attempted to enlist, but was rejected on account of his poor eyesight. In 1863, after two years of war and consequently reduced enlistment requirements,87 Hay tried again, and was accepted as a private88 in Company D of the 38th Pennsylvania Regiment of Emergency Militia. That regiment was mustered in on 3 July and discharged on 7 August of 1863, in response to Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s brief invasion of Pennsylvania that was blocked at the Battle of Gettysburg.89 Hay closed his Northampton Street store with a sign in the window assuring the public that he and his staff had enlisted, rather than being closed down by the Sheriff.90 While Hay was on a temporary duty assignment away from his company, the Company Captain was promoted, and Hay found upon his return that he had been elected to replace the Captain.91 In Easton, Hay was afterwards identified as Captain Hay.92

Hay expanded his Centre Square property shortly after he acquired it in 1872.93 This expansion probably added the current Mansard roof, which in the “Second Empire” architectural style that was popular with General (then President) Ulysses S. Grant after the Civil War,94 and may have served as something of a political statement by Union (and Republican Party) supporters. The architectural style fell out of favor shortly afterwards, partly as a result of the corruption scandals in the Grant Administration that led to a national economic recession.

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Hay’s Court

By 1873, Jacob Hay had also established Hay’s Court95 – located between “the Post Office building” and the Seip Building (at 60 Centre Square).96 John Able (the confectioner from North Third Street)97 established a “new and elegant” store here in December of 1873,98 but moved on to the Sitgreaves Folly location at 237-39 Northampton Street in the 1880s.99 Hay moved his dry goods business into the Hay’s Court building in 1876.100 The Hay’s Court Building later became the location of the Arcade Market in the early 20th Century. The Arcade opened The Casino Theatre (an unpretentious nickelodeon) in a former storeroom in August 1908, and it continued to operate until 1915.101 In approximately 1910, the Casino Theatre’s manager provided a recommendation letter to a vaudeville quartet known as “The Four Nightingales”, helping to launch their career. This musical act ultimately converted to comedy, and later became known as The Marx Brothers.102

In June of 1915, the space left by the Casino Theatre and a store room next door (between the Casino Theatre and the new Circle Theatre at 60 Centre Square) became the Circle Arcade Market: a gathering of produce stands, which was inaugurated by a four-piece orchestra.103 Mrs. “Georgie” Chidsey later reminisced about “[s]electing a chicken at the Circle market and seeing its head chopped off ‘while you waited’.”104 In much of the 20th Century, the Arcade Market was confusingly given the address of 62½ Centre Square.105

The Arcade Market was taken over by the City’s Redevelopment Authority and the rear section “marked for demolition” by 24 June 1980, when a fire burned the entire building.106 The walls were razed in 1989 as a safety hazard, although the façade was left standing, held up from the rear by steel supports. City plans to demolish the remainder were opposed by preservationists,107 but the façade was further damaged in a windstorm on 4 March 1993 and found to be structurally unsound. It “finally succumbed to the wrecking ball in March 1993” (although the City saved and stored its “cornices and window tops”),108 leaving the vacant parking lot visible there today.109

The Dawes Post Office

Lawyer, publisher and postmaster James K. Dawes established his offices in the Old Post Office Building in 1872.110 This included his law practice, the Post Office, and the EASTON FREE PRESS newspapers111 (weekly and daily), which he had repuchased in from J. Whit Wood the previous year. These were the only Republican newspapers in Northampton County, and the daily paper by 1877 boasted a circulation of 3,000, “by far the largest circulation ever reached by any Daily paper in the county”.112

Dawes, as postmaster, also relocated Easton’s Post Office to the building “[s]hortly after his appointment” in November 1871 (presumably at the same time he moved the newspaper offices in 1872 – and also at approximately the same time as Hay’s purchase of the building). Under Dawes, the Post Office was located in the same room that John Ross had used for the Post Office in 1797.113 This was in the northern portion of the building – including the addresses 62, 63 and 64 Centre Square with the

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inauguration of the modern street numbering scheme in 1874. The address at 65 Centre Square was assigned to J.K. Dawes law practice; 66 Center Square to the office of the EASTON FREE PRESS; and 67 Centre Square to a “Segars” store apparently leasing space in the building.114

Dawes expanded Post Office services, among other things adding free carrier delivery as of 1 December 1873 (instead of requiring patrons to come to the Post Office itself to pick up their mail). Under the prior system, there had been 1,200 post box holders, for a population of approximately 11,000 people in the postal district.115 Under Dawes’s predecessor, items had to be published in the newspaper to call addressees of

114 Article, “The New Numbers”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Fri., 21 Nov. 1873, p.3. 9 Patent, Thomas and Richard Penn to John Jones, Patent Book A18 266 (16 Oct. 1755),

indexed online at www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17PatentIndexes/A-AAPatentIndex156.pdf, cited in Deed, John (Elinor) Jones to Jesse Jones, F4 326 (24 Sept. 1770) and described in A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton, 255 (Vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940); see also Northampton County Warrant J10 issued to John Jones, Patent Book A18 266 (24 Mar. 1755), indexed online for Northampton County p.89 Warrant No.10 at www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-88WarrantRegisters/NorthamptonPages/Northampton89.pdf, survey returned at Survey Book C89 150 (24 Mar. 1755). See also Charles de Krafft, Map of Easton Original Town Lots (from the collection of Luigi “Lou” Ferone (“Mr. Easton”) auctioned 27 Feb. 2010, said to have been used by the Penn clerks for notations to keep track of the town lots c.1779-1801)(“Patented to John [blank]”).

10 Deed, John (Elinor) Jones to Jesse Jones, F4 326 (24 Sept. 1770)(no sale price, but only for the Jones’s “Natural Love and Affection” for their son Jesse).

11 Deed, Jesse (Susannah) Jones to Thomas Miller, F4 327 (7 May 1773)(Original Town Lot No.79, sale price £40; Miller was a “Merchant”).

12 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 438 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); see Charles McIntire, Physic and Its Practitioners in Old Northampton: an Historical Sketch for the Jubilee Meeting of the Medical Society of Northampton County, 17-18 (paper read 13 June 1899, first printed in Lehigh Valley Medical Magazine, reprinted by Chemical Pub. Co. 1900)(Easton’s sole physician); see also Easton Area Community Center’s Easton History Club 2005-2006 (under direction of Leonard Buscemi, Sr.), A Chronological History of Esaton, Pa. & Its Citizens 1700 – Present 6 (2006).

13 Deed, Thomas Miller to Andrew Ledlie, D4 397 (28 June 1776)(Original Town Lot No. 79; property “in his [Ledlie’s] actual possession being”); accord A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton, 234, 255 (Vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940). Chidsey indicates he was already occupying the Lot when he bought it. Andrew Ledlie’s name appears on the list of “single men” living in Easton in 1763. McIntire, Physic and Its Practitioners in Old Northampton, supra at 17.

See generally Charles de Krafft, Map of Easton Original Town Lots (from the collection of Luigi “Lou” Ferone (“Mr. Easton”) auctioned 27 Feb. 2010, said to have been used by the Penn clerks for notations to keep track of the town lots c.1779-1801)(“ Occupied by Dr. Ledlie Arrears due”).

14 Charles McIntire, Physic and Its Practitioners in Old Northampton: an Historical Sketch for the Jubilee Meeting of the Medical Society of Northampton County, 18 (paper read 13 June 1899, first printed in Lehigh Valley Medical Magazine, reprinted by Chemical Pub. Co. 1900).

15 Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to John Cooper, F4 328 (8 Aug. 1796)(writ seizing Original Town Lot No.79 from the Estate of Andrew Ledlie (deceased) to pay £100 owed to Michael Hart for “nonperformance of a certain promise and assumption by the said Andrew in his

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“Letters remaining uncalled for” to come and get their mail.116 Postmaster Dawes’s free delivery service became very popular in Easton, causing the Easton Post Office to be known in the postal service as the “Boss Letter Carrier Office in the United States”. South Easton was also added to the Easton Post Office’s territory in 1873.117 In addition, in the time period late 1873 – early 1874, the modern street numbering scheme was adopted in downtown Easton, providing essentially the same building addresses that exist today. Dawes’s dual role as postmaster and FREE PRESS editor allowed him to provide a listing of the new addresses in a series of articles in his newspaper, running from Friday, 21 November until Wednesday, 10 December 1873.118

lifetime”); Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 87 (4 Oct. 1796)(writ seizing Original Town Lot No.77 and southern part of Lot 78 from Estate of Andrew Ledlie to satisfy debts); Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 86 (11 Apr. 1797)(writ issued 13 Aug. 1796 to seize “Stone House” and northern part of Original Town Lot 78 to pay damages of £30 14s. against Estate of Andrew Ledlie for “nonperformance of a certain promise and assumption by the said Andrew in his life time to the said George Washington Scott”).

16 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146. 17 Francis S. Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty 49 (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003);

Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 438 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). 18 Francis S. Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty 49 (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003). 19 Robert Traill, Minutes of the Committee of Observation and Inspection of Northampton

County, Pennsylvania, quoted in Edward P. Kennedy, Government, Vol. III of Two Hundred Years of Life in Northampton County, PA 29 (Northampton County Bicentennial Commission 1976). See generally Rev. A.S. Leiby [translator], Tax Lists in Northampton County Court House 1774 – 1806 44 (Easton Public Library [undated])(Dr. Andrew Ledlie in Northampton County Tax List for Easton in 1779).

20 Francis S. Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty 49 (Pennsylvania State University Press 2003). 21 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 145-46. 22 Francis S. Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty 137-38 (Pennsylvania State University Press

2003). Klinkerfuss had been surrendered by British General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. When not repatriated through Boston (as the Americans had agreed), and ordered to march to Virginia for further imprisonment, Klinkerfuss escaped and deserted, working his way through Boston and ultimately (by August 1779) to Phillipsburg, NJ. He was without papers, however. and when he came to Dr. Ledlie’s attention, he was ordered to post security. He was then jailed until he and his employers, between them, posted some £3,000 security to obtain his release. Id. at 138-39.

23 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146. 24 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146; see Fox, Sweet

Land of Liberty, supra at 139. Because Klinkerfuss was a deserter, Dr. Ledlie had no parole on file for him (according to Fox), and so he was held “to await deposition of the accuracy of his parole from the Board of War.” Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146. Fox’s account indicates that Dr. Ledlie had first demanded money before releasing Klinkerfuss. This demand was understood by Klinkerfuss and his two employers as a bribe, although the Doctor later claimed it was payment for medical treatment of a venereal infection, which he at first avoided revealing to the employers in order to protect his patient’s confidentiality, and was later not understood when he did reveal it because the employers spoke mainly (or exclusively) German. Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty, supra at 139-40.

25 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146.

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A survey map of the city’s blocks – without listing address numbers – appears in Northampton County Deed Office records dated 7 November 1873. This map (long lost but rediscovered in the Courthouse basement Sheriff’s Office in 2014)119 appears to date from just before the newspaper began running “The New Numbers” addresses, and probably represents the time when the decision was formally taken. Although these new addresses were probably established, and notified via the newspaper notices, in very late 1873, it seems the best approximately of their actual use is probably beginning in 1874.

26 Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty, supra at 139. 27 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146. Fox’s account

in Sweet Land of Liberty, supra at 139-42 details the political maneuvers, and indicates that Dr. Ledlie ultimately released the Hessian in order to avoid problems. Just before Christmas, Dr. Ledlie demanded that Klinkerfuss quarry 300-400 loads of stone for him without pay in order to gain his release from jail, which Klinkerfuss refused to do. In March of 1782, Robert Levers obtained depositions from Klinkerfuss, Beidleman and Haynze. Then, at the request of Mrs. Klinkerfuss, he prepared a letter to General Benjamin Lincoln, Secretary of the Board of War, which she was to have taken personally to Philadelphia. That expedition was forestalled when Dr. Ledlie sent a justification of his conduct, and then freed Klinkerfuss.

28 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 146. But see Fox, Sweet Land of Liberty, supra at 142, which says he “became an influential citizen of Sussex County, New Jersey” – but cites Heller’s account as authority for the statement.

29 Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 145-46.30 Historian A.D. Chidsey’s map published in 1940 does show Dr. Ledlie holding a separate

building on the rear of Lot No.79, facing Church Street, as well as one on the front of Lot No.79 facing Centre Square. A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton, 234-35 (Vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940). It is unclear why Historian Chidsey located his buildings as he did on the map, which appears to be potentially inconsistent with the Deed recitals showing a stone property on the northern part of Lot No.78 (although that might have been built after 1776, the date of Chidsey’s representation). Chidsey’s evidence for the building location facing Church Street is also unclear, at least to this author.

31 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 190-91 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). Rev. Condit’s account is based upon his conversations in 1869 with Mr. Philip Mixsell (then age 92), who recalled the circumstances as of the time he came to Easton at age 13. Condit supplies Philip Mixsell’s birth date as 1777, which by calculation makes his recollection of the house relate to about 1890.

32 William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 146 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984).

33 Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 149. 34 Henry F. Marx (ed.), VII Abstracts of Wills of Northampton County 1752 – 1840 73

(Easton Public Library 1935). 35 See Wikipedia, “John Gay”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gay (accessed 26 Jan. 2009).

Gay was most notably the author of the popular and satirical “Begger’s Opera” of 1728, which was said to have made the “Rich gay and Gay rich”.

37 Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to John Cooper, F4 328 (8 Aug. 1796)(writ seizing original town Lot No.79 from the Estate of Andrew Ledlie (deceased) to pay £100 owed to

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Easton’s prior street numbering scheme had been established by the Town Council’s act of 1854,120 which changed many of Easton’s street names to numbers (i.e. Fermor Street becoming 2nd Street, Pomfret becoming 3rd Street, etc.). “[T] he houses in the principal streets” of Easton were then numbered, and house numbers were sold to the building owners “at a mere nominal sum”.121 The Mayor’s name (Charles Kitchen) then appeared on the first Easton city directory now available, which was issued in 1855.122

Dawes was the first Easton Postmaster to serve under five successive Presidents (Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, and Cleveland).123 He also served as the Secretary of

Michael Hart for “nonperformance of a certain promise and assumption by the said Andrew in his lifetime”); Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 87 (4 Oct. 1796)(writ seizing original town Lot No.77 and southern part of Lot 78 from Estate of Andrew Ledlie to satisfy debts); Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 86 (11 Apr. 1797)(writ issued 13 Aug. 1796 to seize “Stone House” and northern part of original town Lot 78 to pay damages of £30 14s. against Estate of Andrew Ledlie for “nonperformance of a certain promise and assumption by the said Andrew in his life time to the said George Washington Scott”).

38 Henry F. Marx (ed.), VII Abstracts of Wills of Northampton County 1752 – 1840 73 (Easton Public Library 1935).

39 Deed, John Craig, Sheriff, to John Cooper, F4 328 (8 Aug. 1796) described Lot No.79 as “being the same lot of ground whereon there are erected, besides other improvements, one frame House, and one Stone House, between the mansion or Dwelling House in which the said Andrew Ledlie died, and ground now occupied or lately occupied by the Widow Everhard.” The “Widow Everhard” at this time did (or had) operated the hotel on Lot No.81 (see Heller, Historic Easton, supra), and Lot No.80 contained stables that presumably serviced her hotel. See Deed, Samuel (Mary) Sitgreaves to John Ross, G2 460 (24 Nov. 1802)(western part of Lot No.80, containing a “Brick Stable and partly Stone and partly Frame Stable”).

Ledlie’s “Mansion” was evidently the “Stone House” located on the northern part of Lot No.78. See Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 86 (11 Apr. 1797). The remainder of the Ledlie property (the southern part of Lot No.78, and Lot No.77) contained “Two Frame Messuages” and “a Stone Kitchen”. Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to Samuel Sitgreaves, D2 87 (4 Oct. 1796); see also Deed, Samuel (Mary) Sitgreaves to John Ross, D2 88 (6 May 1797)(the whole of Lots Nos.77 and 78 contained a “Stone dwelling House and Kitchen two frame Messuages and two Lots of Ground”). Since the Easton Sweet Shop Building on Lot No.77 is today made of brick (not stone, except the basement), it seems likely that this building replaced the two “Frame Messuages”, while the stone “Mansion” on Lot 78, and the additional “Stone House” on Lot No.79, became the basis of the stone Old Post Office Building that now stands on those lots.

The map in A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton, 234-35 (Vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940) shows two unjoined buildings on Dr. Ledlie’s property in 1776. However, historian Chidsey shows the doctor’s “Mansion” entirely on Lot No.79, with nothing on Lot No.78, contrary to the statements made in the deeds cited above. Historian Chidsey also shows two buildings (presumably the “Frame Messuages”) on Lot No.77 (the Easton Sweet Shop property). Chidsey also shows a small shed behind the pair of buildings on Lot No.77, which may represent the “Stone Kitchen” – although it likely that the kitchen would have served Ledlie’s “Mansion”, which Chidsey appears to omit from his map.

40 But see Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a, supra at 191, which records Philip Mixsell’s recollection in 1869 that “Dr. Ledley [was] living in Peter Ihrie’s present residence”. This statement certainly supports the Ledley house being a basis for Peter Ihrie’s “longhouse”, but

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Easton’s Board of Control,124 as well as President of Easton’s School Board in 1880 when he was included on the committee that welcomed US President Hayes to Easton for the reopening of Pardee Hall at Lafayette College.125 Dawes retired from the Post Office in 1887, later moving to Washington D.C. to become the statistician for the U.S. Census in 1890 and 1900.126

should probably not be taken as convincing evidence precluding an extensive subsequent remodeling of the structure by Peter Ihrie, in light of the deed recitals and Historian Heller’s statements that the Ihrie built the longhouse in the 1820s (see below).

41 Deed, Samuel (Mary) Sitgreaves to John Ross, D2 88 (6 May 1797)(original town Lots Nos.77 and 78); Deed, John (Mary) Cooper to John Ross, G2 269 (20 May 1801)(original town Lot No.79); Deed Poll, John Craig, Sheriff, to John Cooper, F4 328 (8 Aug. 1796)(original town Lot No.79). See also Deed, Release of Ground Rent by John and William (Juliana Catherine) Penn to John Ross, F4 329 (9 Mar. 1812)(sale price $102).

42 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 180 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); see also Deed, William Runkle, Trustee for sale of real estate of [Camilla] Ihrie, to Jacob Hay, F13 559 (30 Mar. 1872)(Ross was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania).

47 Deed, John Penn and Richard Penn to John Ross, F2 230 (12 Feb. 1800); A.D. Chidsey, Jr., The Penn Patents in the Forks of the Delaware Plan of Easton, Map 2 (Vol. II of Publications of the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1937).

48 See Deed, John (Mary) Ross to Samuel Sitgreaves, H3 40 (1 May 1812); Article, “History of Sitgreaves Street”, THE DAILY FREE PRESS, Friday, 28 Aug. 1896, p.3, col.3 (building where Sitgreaves died was Abel’s confectionery store in 1896) ; see also F.S. Bixler, “’Hon. Samuel Sitgreaves’, An Illustrious Citizen of Northampton County”, Speech read at meeting of Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, 18 Feb. 1922, at unnumbered p.5; Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, Paper read before the Northampton County Historical Society on 25 Oct. 1930, 16 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)(“Sitgreaves’ Folly” occupied a “sixty feet front, occupying the present site of the three-story properties of Abel’s Confectionery, Heiberger’s Shoe Store and Montague’s Stationery Store”). See generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entries for 241-43 Northampton Street and 237-39 Northampton Street.

49 Deed of Partition between Peter (Camilla) Ihrie, William (Ruth Ann) Ross, and Jesse Jenkins Ross, B6 123, at 128 (5 Mar. 1835); see Deed, William Runkle, Trustee for sale of real estate of [Camilla] Ihrie, to Jacob Hay, F13 559 (30 Mar. 1872); William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 145-47 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984), which states that this building was the home of Col. Peter Ihrie built in the 1820s. See also Ethan Allen Weaver, “The Forks of the Delaware” Illustrated xxvi (Eschenbach Press, Easton, PA, 1900)(available online from Heritage Quest through Easton Public Library website); Catherine Weaver Roseberry, Memoir of Easton, Part II, NORTHAMPTON NOTES, Vol. 13, No. 2, p.5 (Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, Winter 1997)(“that large stone house that Colonel Peter Ihrie lived in.”); See also Reuben Kolb, “Easton Nearly 70 Years Ago, Paper Read Before Historical Society”, in Easton Public Library, II The Book Shelf Scrap Book of Easton and Northampton County 43, 47 (Easton Public Library 1936)(article written after 1909, based on internal evidence).

50 The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

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51 Deed, William Runkle, Trustee for sale of real estate of [Camilla] Ihrie, to Jacob Hay, F13 559 (30 Mar. 1872).

52 The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

53 Reuben Kolb, “Easton Nearly 70 Years Ago, Paper Read Before Historical Society”, in Easton Public Library, II The Book Shelf Scrap Book of Easton and Northampton County 43, 47 (Easton Public Library 1936)(article written after 1909, based on internal evidence); Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 410 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(21st and 22nd Congresses).

54 See Article, “Destructive Fire!”, DEMOCRAT & ARGUS, Thurs., 24 March 1831, p.3, col.2 (“Col. Ihrie”); William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 145 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984)(“Colonel Peter Ihrie”).

55 See Deed, William Runkle, Trustee for sale of real estate of [Camilla] Ihrie, to Jacob Hay, F13 559 (30 Mar. 1872)(General Peter Ihrie); see also Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 212, 214 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(two references to General Peter Ihrie, including as marshall for the funeral march for President Andrew Jackson in 1845).

56 Thomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America 24 (1926); Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 67, 147; The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

57 Thomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America 16, 24 (1926). 58 William J. Heller, III History of Northampton County 618 (American Historical Society

1920). This mill was later operated by Adolph Groetzinger as a flour mill. Id., see generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for the Groetzinger Building at 408-10 Northampton Street.

Heller states that Peter Ihrie built the mill as a saw mill. Id. Other authorities indicate that he built a fulling on the site of an earlier saw mill built by Peter Kichline. F.A.Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County 163 (Peter Fritts 1877); accord, Joan Steiner, The Bushkill Creek 18 (Bushkill Stream Conservancy typewritten MS 1996)(copy available in the Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library); see generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for the Northampton National Bank Building at 400-402 Northampton Street and the Groetzinger Building at 408-10 Northampton Street.

Two of Peter Ihrie’s descendants were Colonel Charles Ihrie and Brevet Brigadier General George Peter Ihrie (1827 – 1903) “of [General Ulysses S.] Grant’s staff”. Thomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America 24-25 (1926); Wikipedia, “Riverview Cemetery, Trenton”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview_Cemetery,_Trenton (burial); see also Ada Sterling (ed. to narrative form), A Belle of the Fifties, Memoirs of Mrs. Clay, of Alabama, Covering Social and

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As of 1877127

Modern Times

In 1893, the Post Office moved next door, to the “Seip Building” (at 60 Centre Square).128 The building owner, Captain Jacob Hay, died on 17 November 1894, at age 66.129 After Jacob Hay’s death, his wife,130 and subsequent Hay Family heirs, continued to own the property until 1979.131

Since Hay’s death, there have been a variety of commercial tenants in the building. The northern end of the building was occupied for a time by Easton Gas and Electric.132 Edwin Stipe’s plumbing business leased space at No.67 beginning early in the

Political Life in Washington and the South 1853-66 307 (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company 1904), online at files.usgwarchives.org/dc/bios/belle/belle6.txt (General Ihrie “of Grant’s staff”); Letter, George P. Ihrie to John G. Nicolay (25 June 1864)(requesting copy of a letter to President Lincoln from General Grant “on whose staff I was serving as Coll and A.A.D.C.” recommending his appointment to command an “Expedition to Utah Territory for the extinction of Polygamy”), available in Abraham Lincoln Papers at Library of Congress and transcribed by Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College, Galesburg, IL, and online at memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mal:@field(DOCID+@lit(d4294900)) (accessed 21 Jan. 2009). A note to the letter indicates that Ihrie “was commissioned a colonel and additional aide-de-camp in May 1862 and served on the staff of U.S. Grant until he was honorably discharged in August 1863).

59 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 80 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). 60 William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 67 (The Express

Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984). 61 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 80 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). 62 William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 67 (The Express

Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984). 63 The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”,

www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009); but see Liam Riordan, Many Identities, One Nation 73 (University of Pennsylvania Press 2007)(maintains that Col. Kachlein died on a British prison ship).

64 See, e.g., The Kichline Family Genealogy Page, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichline.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

65 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 80-81 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); F.A.Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County 163 (Peter Fritts 1877); accord, Joan Steiner, The Bushkill Creek 18 (Bushkill Stream Conservancy typewritten MS 1996)(copy available in the Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library); Liam Riordan, Many Identities, One Nation 71 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 2007)(first gristmill).

66 A. Thurman Schlabach (Pothonotary), Members of the bar and officials of Northampton County 1752 – 1949 23 (1949); see also Historian of Easton [Rev. Uzal W. Condit], “Easton’s First Chief Burgess – Personal History of Peter Kichline – A Leader and Patriot in Revolutionary Times – An Interesting Narrative of Events in the Frontier Town of Easton Over One Hundred Years Ago”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Thurs., 25 Sept. 1890, p.3, cols.2-4 (at col.3); cf. Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 77 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(elected Sheriff in 1772).

67 A more recent authority also indicates that it was a British Colonel James Grant, rather than General James Grant, who was killed, causing the Americans to reach an erroneous conclusion. Wikipedia, “Battle of Long Island”,

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20th Century.133 Stipe had been “induced” to come from Philadelphia to Easton in the 1880s to install the plumbing and heating system of the Simon silk factory, and he had decided to stay in Easton, where he became successful.134 He expanded his space in Centre Square after 1910,135 but left for the Stipe Building on North Fourth Street in the 1920s.136 Other long-running businesses in the longhouse building have included:

At 62 Center Square: The CaramelCorn Shop (also spelled Karmelkorn Shop) – an Easton institution selling popcorn and candy. This was opened in 1931 in another location by John and Ruth Doherty.137 It has leased space at No.62 since 1933.138 It has been operated since 1966 by Sia Bassil (a former after-school employee) and her husband, Tony,139 both well-known members of Easton’s Lebanese community.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island#cite_note-m172-57 (accessed 3 June 2012). General Grant was alive and well after the battle, to participate in further harrying Washington’s army out of New York and across New Jersey. See David G. McCullough, 1776 178, 243, 259 (New York: Simon & Schuster 2005)(General Grant post-battle assessment, and presence at Fort Washington and at Brunswick, NJ).

Moreover, although the Americans believed they had held the line against the British, in fact Grant’s troops were only “skirmishing” and engaging in “a cannonade for some hours”, to “draw [the Americans’] whole attention” until Howe could turn their flank. See David G. McCullough, 1776 172 (New York: Simon & Schuster 2005)(at Fort Washington and at Brunswick, NJ)(quoting General James Grant’s account after the battle). See generally Wikipedia, “Battle of Long Island”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island#cite_note-m172-57 (accessed 3 June 2012); see also Dr. Richmond E. Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution 29-31 (Bicentennial Publication of Northampton County Historical Society 1975); David G. McCullough, 1776 172-78 (New York: Simon & Schuster 2005).

68 Thomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America 16-18, 22 (1926)(available online on Heritage Quest); Article, “Chief Executives of Easton Since 1789”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sun., 12 June 1937, Jubilee Section A, p.5, cols.1-2. He became Chief Burgess on 23 September 1789, and died on 27 November of that year. Tomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America, supra at 22.

A more recent authority indicates, however, that it was a British Colonel James Grant, rather than General James Grant, who was killed, causing the Americans to reach an erroneous conclusion. David G. McCullough, 1776 172 (New York: Simon & Schuster 2006); see Wikipedia, “Battle of Long Island”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island#cite_note-m172-57 (accessed 3 June 2012).

72 Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 145. 73 Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 147.74 John Ross was a resident of Doylestown, not Easton, when he died. See Deed of

Partition between Peter (Camilla) Ihrie, William (Ruth Ann) Ross, and Jesse Jenkins Ross, B6 123 (5 Mar. 1835).

75 See Deed, Jesse (Susannah) Jones to Thomas Miller, F4 327 (7 May 1773)(recorded 25 Sept. 1821); Deed, Thomas Miller to Andrew Ledlie, D4 397 (28 June 1776)(recorded 20 June 1820); Deed, John Craig, Sheriff, to John Cooper, F4 328 (8 Aug. 1796)(recorded 25 Sept. 1821); Deed, Release of Ground Rent by john and William (Juliana Catherine) Penn to John Ross, F4 329 (9 Mar. 1812)(recorded 25 Sept. 1821).

76 Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, Water Colors Painted by Mary Elizabeth Maxwell McCartney About 1840 Views of Old Easton No.4 (undated, in McCartney File), which also dates the picture to 1835, and mentions the “Peter Ihrie longstone house” shown in the picture.

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At 64 Centre Square: An old-style photography studio (including third floor skylight to allow in natural light for portraits). The photographs were to be accompanied with hand painted art deco backgrounds.140 It appears that this studio was run by Silas Kind in the 1930s and into the 1940s.141 It became the Rembrandt Studio in the 1950s through the late 1980s, owned by Alfred Heoney.142

The southern end of the building were used for a succession of restaurants in the 20th Century, including the Pure Food Restaurant, Leo’s, and the De Luxe Restaurant.143 On 26 June 2008, the Valenca Restaurant (Portuguese food) opened in lavishly renovated space that combined the ground floor and

77 Article, “Alarming Fire”, EASTON CENTINEL, Fri., 25 Mar. 1831, p.3, col.1, reprinted in Ethan A. Weaver, “A Disastrous Fire Sixty-nine Years Ago”, reprinted in Ethan A. Weaver, “A Disastrous Fire Sixty-nine Years Ago”, reprinted in Ethan Allen Weaver, Historical Notes First Series 153 et seq. (Easton Public Library June 1936)(Sitgreaves property at the corner of Sitgreaves and Northampton Streets); Article, “Destructive Fire!”, DEMOCRAT & ARGUS, Thurs., 24 March 1831, p.3, col.2.

78 Article, “Destructive Fire!”, DEMOCRAT & ARGUS, Thurs., 24 March 1831, p.3, col.2. 43 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 180-81, 183 (George W. West 1885 /

1889); accord, C.M. Sitgreaves (compiler), Resources and Industries of Easton, PA, South Easton, and Phillipsburg, N.J. at The Forks of the Delaware! 45 (Geo. W. West 1889); see Scott Hill, A Self Guided Tour . . . Historic Forks of the Delaware 7 (Eagle Scout Project 29 April 1992); Ken Klabunde, “Postcard Korner: The Easton Post Office”, EASTON IRREGULAR 3 (June 2009).

44 Federal Tax of 1798 (“Window Tax”), Roll 361, Easton Borough listing (National Archives records, microfilm located in Easton Area Public Library).

45 See Frank Talbot Dale, Our Delaware River Ferries, County Chronicles Book #16, at p.9 (June 2002) (Jacob Abel was the mailman); A Brief History & Architectural Tour of EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, supra, “Post Office”.

46 Peter Fritts, History of Northampton County 61 (F.A. Davis, 1877); Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 179-83 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); C.M. Sitgreaves (compiler), Resources and Industries of Easton, PA, South Easton, and Phillipsburg, N.J. at The Forks of the Delaware! 45-49 (Geo. W. West 1889).

The first Postmaster, Henry Spering, owned the property at 136-38 Spring Garden St., and possibly the existing (then stone) building, according to the former owner Bjorn Streubel. The Post Office itself, however, was more likely located on Centre Square. Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 179-80 (George W. West 1885 / 1889).

69 See and compare Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 80 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

70 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 80 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); see Article, “The Bushkill Creek and Its Mills Since 1839”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Tues., 18 Aug. 1914, p.7, col.5 (produced linseed oil). But see William J. Heller, III History of Northampton County 618 (American Historical Society 1920)(states that Peter Ihrie built the mill as a saw mill).

71 F.A.Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County 163 (Peter Fritts 1877); see also William J. Heller, III History of Northampton County and The Grand Valley of the Lehigh 618 (The American Historical Society 1920)(Mount Jefferson Flouring Mill).

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basement of the southern portion of the Old Post Office Building, together with the ground floor of the Easton Sweet Shop Building.

The upper two floors of both buildings have been connected and made into residential apartments.

79 Article, “Alarming Fire”, EASTON CENTINEL, Fri., 25 Mar. 1831, p.3, col.1, reprinted in Ethan A. Weaver, “A Disastrous Fire Sixty-nine Years Ago”, reprinted in Ethan A. Weaver, “A Disastrous Fire Sixty-nine Years Ago”, reprinted in Ethan Allen Weaver, Historical Notes First Series 153 et seq. (Easton Public Library June 1936). It is not clear whether one or both of the White’s Hotel buildings were involved in the fire. See generally separate articles on Sitgreaves’ Folly at 237-39 at Northampton Street, and the German Reformed Church at 27-29 North Third Street.

80 Article, “Destructive Fire!”, DEMOCRAT & ARGUS, Thurs., 24 March 1831, p.3, col.2. 81 See Fitzgerald & Dillon, Easton Directory for 1870-71 53 (Ringwalt & Brown 1870)

( Peter Ihrie’s residence and law offices numbered 77 and 79 Public Square, respectively); C[harles] Kitchen, A General Directory of the Borough of Easton PA (Cole & Eichman’s Office, 1855)(same).

82 Frank Reeder, Record of the Family and Descendents of Colonel Christian Jacob Hutter of Easton, Penn’a, 1771 – 1902 18 (Easton Sentinel 1902)(available online on Heritage Quest).

83 From print of a water color in the possession of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society. Painting pictured in Ethan Allen Weaver, “The Forks of the Delaware” Illustrated xxvi (Eschenbach Printing 1900)(dated c.1835). See also Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, Water Colors Painted by Mary Elizabeth Maxwell McCartney About 1840 Views of Old Easton No.4 (undated, in McCartney File), which also dates the picture to 1835, and mentions the “Peter Ihrie longstone house” shown in the picture.

Philadelphia engraver A.H. Markley made a black-and-white engraving of Mrs. McCartney’s picture, in approximately 1885, captioned “As Centre Square looked 50 years ago. From a drawing made by Mrs. McCartney in 1835”. That engraving (including the caption) appeared between pages 120 and 121 in Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a (George W. West 1885 / 1889) – which leads to the suspicion that Rev. Condit actually commissioned Markley’s work. Despite the caption’s description of the original as a “drawing”, inspection of it in the Sigal Museum suggests that it (like its sister paintings of Centre Square) were actually water colors. A 4’ X 8’ version of Markley’s engraving appeared at auction in 2015, and sold for $80 at that time. See email inquiry by Nate S. to Richard F. Hope (2 June 2015, 10:56 PM).

A sister water color by Mrs. McCartney, also rendered as an engraving by Markley apparently for Rev. Condit’s book (between pages 12 and 13), shows the view of Centre Square looking South. Markley’s caption for that one states that it was “From A Painting Kindly Loaned by Mrs. M’Cartney”, and also dates it to 1835, apparently after this direct contact with Mrs. McCartney. The dating thus seems relatively secure. That version was reproduced for the www.WalkingEaston.com entry for Centre Square itself.

84 The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”, www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).

Peter Ihrie’s second wife, Elizabeth (Roberts) Ihrie, died in Easton in 1886. The Kichline Gamily Genealogy Page, “Johann Peter Kichline, 1722 – 1789”,

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www.kichline.com/genealogy/kichpete.htm (accessed 25 Jan. 2009).85 Deed, William Runkle, Trustee for sale of real estate of Camilla Ihrie, to Jacob Hay, F13

559 (30 Mar. 1872). 86 See separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 339 Northampton Street, and sources

cited therein. 87 SVS, “Capt. Jacob Hay”, in Easton Cemetery Find A Grave Memorial # 17872934,

www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Hay&GSfn=Jacob&GSiman=1&GScid=44735&GRid=17872934& (accessed 20 May 2011).

This account of an earlier attempted enlistment is not contained in the more contemporaneous source: Frank B. Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens 232 (Hillburn & West 1879). However, Copp’s biography says that Hay enlisted “In 1863, at the commencement of the Rebellion”, which is incorrect (since the “Rebellion” actually “commenced in 1861), suggesting that the early attempt at enlistment may have been inexpertly edited out of the story.

88 Frank B. Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens 232 (Hillburn & West 1879); see American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day”, supra at 9.

89 Samuel P. Bates, V History of Pennsylvania Volunteers 1861-5 1222-28, 1261-62 (P. Singerly, State Printer 1869). The 38th Regiment did see some brief service “enforcing authority” in civilian areas after the Confederate Army retired. Id. at 1229.

90 SVS, “Capt. Jacob Hay”, in Easton Cemetery Find A Grave Memorial # 17872934, www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Hay&GSfn=Jacob&GSiman=1&GScid=44735&GRid=17872934& (accessed 20 May 2011).

91 Frank B. Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens 232 (Hillburn & West 1879); see American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day” 9 (written c.1902 during Mayor B. Rush Field’s second 3-year term, reprinted courtesy of W-Graphics); Samuel P. Bates, V History of Pennsylvania Volunteers 1861-5 1261-62 (P. Singerly, State Printer 1869); 1890 Census, Special Schedule Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Series M123, Roll 82, p.3, line 32, Enumeration District 280 (Jacob Hay, Captain, Company D, 38th Pennsylvania Militia, service 1 month 4 days); see also Obituary, “Clement Stewart Dead”, EASTON EXPRESS, Tues., 3 July 1921, p.1, col.6 (Co.D, 38th Regiment captained by William H. Thompson and Jacob Hay); William J. Heller (supervising editor), III History of Northampton County and The Grand Valley of the Lehigh 363 (The American Historical Society 1920)(same).

92 American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day” 9 (written c.1902 during Mayor B. Rush Field’s second 3-year term, reprinted courtesy of W-Graphics).

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93 Frank B. Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens 233 (Hillburn & West 1879).

94 See, e.g., Nancy J. Sanquist, Easton Architectural and Historical Survey Manual (Office of Preservation, City Hall August 1978)(Second Empire style with Mansard roof “became most popular in America in the late 1860’s and the early 1870’s”); see also John Milnes Baker, American House Styles A Concise Guide 64 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 17 Apr. 1994)(Second Empire style with Mansard roof as the key feature popular from 1860 and “superseded” after 1876); Jackie Craven, “The Mansard Roof and the Second Empire Style”, About.com, Architecture, architecture.about.com/library/weekly/aa100900b.htm, architecture.about.com/od/housestyles/ss/Second-Empire-Buildings_5.htm (accessed 21 May 2011)(General Grant style).

95 Article, “The New Numbers”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Mon., 1 Dec. 1873, p.3, includes Hay’s Court, showing its existence under that name by this date.

96 George W. West (compiler), West’s Easton City Directory vii (George W. West 1898), indicates that it was next to the Post Office.

97 See separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 131 North Third Street. See generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entries for 237-39 Northampton Street and 141-43 Northampton Street.

98 Article, “Able’s New Store”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Wed., 10 Dec. 1873, p.3, col.2. 99 See separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 27-39 Northampton Street, and sources

cited therein. 100 Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens, supra at 233.

Copp, writing in 1879, is explicit that the wholesale dry goods business was moved to Hay’s Court. The American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day” 9 (originally printed c.1903 during Mayor B. Rush Field’s second 3-year term, reprinted courtesy of W-Graphics) still discusses a Hay retail store being at 339 Northampton Street in the 20th Century, but is arguably referring to the Hay Boot and Shoe Co. store and not to dry goods generally.

The building in Hay’s Court has sometimes been identified as the “Hay Building” in the past, but since it no longer exists, I have adopted the “Hay Building” name for 339 Northampton Street where Captain Hay’s business was so long centered.

101 Easton Area Community Center’s Easton History Club 2005-2006 (under direction of Leonard Buscemi, Sr.), A Chronological History of Easton, Pa. & Its Citizens 1700 – Present 21 (2006); see Leonard Buscemi Sr., Easton Phillipsburg 2000 Calendar (1999); Kenneth Mack (ed.), Show Business of Easton PA, scrapbook compiled by Local 203 International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (1954)(avail. Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library), at approx. p.37; Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton-Phillipsburg 2008 Calendar unnumbered p.85 (Buscemi Enterprises 2007)(photo and caption).

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A photograph in the possession of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society shows a sign across the entrance to Hay’s Court advertising the “Easton Casino”, offering [“Bowling”?] Billiards and Cigars. Celluloid slide copy in “Box 4 Glass”, Row 3 #54 (now digitized as PICT0251).

102 See James Shelly, “Theaters of Easton”, EASTON EXPRESS, Thursday, 16 July 1970, p.18; Leonard Buscemi Sr., Easton-Phillipsburg 2000 Calendar (1999); Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The 1993 Easton Calendar unnumbered p.11 (Buscemi Enterprises 1992); Mack, Show Business of Easton PA, supra.

The story of the Four Nightingales and the Easton recommendation letter appears in Kyle Crichton, The Marx Brothers 71-76 (Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1950), although it identifies the theater as the “Arcade Theatre”. The date is established as approximately 1910 in Harpo Marx with Rowland Barber, Harpo Speaks! 100-104 (Limelight Editions, NY, 1962, 11th printing 2000). But see Mack, Show Business of Easton PA, supra.

West’s Directory for the City of Easton for 1910, 1912, and 1914 lists no “Arcade Theater”. Instead, it confirms that the Casino Theatre operated from 1908 through 1915 at “Hay’s Court” (NE corner of Centre Square), where the “Arcade Market” was located. Accord, Leonard Buscemi Sr., Easton Phillipsburg 1993 Calendar (1992). A post card photograph in the possession of Leonard Buscemi Sr. shows the “Casino” archway leading to an entrance in the Arcade Market building, next door to 60 Centre Square. It thus appears that the Easton “Arcade Theater” of the Marx Brothers’ memory was, in fact, the Casino Theatre. Accord , Mack, Show Business of Easton PA, supra.

Easton historians do not agree whether the Casino Theatre actually occupied space (an empty store room) in the Arcade Market building, or whether it was connected back across an alley into the rear portion of 60 Centre Square. This rear section was later specially configured as the luxurious “Circle Theatre” from 1914 through 1917. However, because both the Circle Theatre and Casino Theatre were apparently in existence simultaneously during parts of 1914 and 1915, they probably did not occupy identical space. See Buscemi, Easton-Phillipsburg 2000 Calendar, supra. See also Mack, Show Business of Easton PA, supra at approx. p.51. See also Article, “The New Market”, EASTON SENTINEL, Tuesday, 22 June 1915, p.1, col.5 (the Circle Arcade Market established “embracing the store room next to the Circle theatre and what was formerly the Casino theatre”).

103 Article, “The New Market”, EASTON SENTINEL, Tuesday, 22 June 1915, p.1, col.5. 104 Georgie Lake Chidsey, “And This I Remember”, in Fortnightly Club, II Papers on Easton

History 240, at 268 (paper read 2 Mar. 1951). 105 See, e.g., Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1955 882 (R.L. Polk & Co.

1955); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1957 852 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1957); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1960 Street and Avenue Guide 50 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1960); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1964 Street and Avenue Guide 51 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1964); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1968 Street and Avenue Guide 70 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1968)(also lists “Arcade Markets Inc.” at 60 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton

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and Phillipsburg City Directory 1980 Street and Avenue Guide 76 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1980) 106 Article, “Blaze of June ’80 leveled history – Empty lot testifies to last big fire in Centre

Square”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Sun., 27 Feb. 2000, p.A-2; see Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton-Phillipsburg 2008 Calendar unnumbered p.85 (Buscemi Enterprises 2007)(photo and caption); cf. Madeleine Mathias, “City Heritage Alliance Wins Delay in Arcade Demolition”, MORNING CALL, Thurs., 3 Dec. 1992, p.B-1 (fire in 1979).

107 Madeleine Mathias, “City Heritage Alliance Wins Delay in Arcade Demolition”, MORNING CALL, Thurs., 3 Dec. 1992, p.B-1; Madeleine Mathias, “Arcade building May Be Razed Because of Storm”, MORNING CALL, Tues., 9 Mar. 1993, p.B-1.

108 Madeleine Mathias, “Arcade Building Demolition Awaits Historical Reviews”, MORNING CALL, Wed., 17 Mar. 1993, p.B-3; see Article, “Blaze of June ’80 leveled history – Empty lot testifies to last big fire in Centre Square”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Sun., 27 Feb. 2000, p.A-2. Cf. Jimmy P. Miller, “Lawyer buys Empire Beauty building – Martin D. Cohen acquires the Downtown Easton building and the lot behind it”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Thurs., 21 Jan. 1999, p.B-1 (taken down in 1990).

109 See Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton-Phillipsburg 2008 Calendar unnumbered p.85 (Buscemi Enterprises 2007)(photo and caption).

110 See “The Easton Free Press”, in F.A. Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 168 (Peter Fritts 1877).

111 See Article, “The New Numbers”, Fri., 21 Nov. 1873, p.3. 112 “The Easton Free Press”, in F.A. Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County,

Pennsylvania 168 (Peter Fritts 1877); cf. Article, “The Easton Free Press cf. Article, “Death of J.K. Dawes Former Postmaster of Easton Passes Away at Washington”, EASTON EXPRESS, Mon., 18 Oct. 1915, p.4, col.2. See also Jeremiah H. Lant, The Northampton County Directory for 1873 6 (1873)(advertisement for DAILY FREE PRESS published by J.K. Dawes, office in the “Post Office Building”).

113 Condit, History of Easton, supra at 182-83, which appears to be quoting James K. Dawes, “History of the Easton Post Office” in F.A. Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 165-67 (Peter Fritts 1877); see C.M. Sitgreaves (compiler), Resources and Industries of Easton, PA, South Easton, and Phillipsburg, N.J. at The Forks of the Delaware! 45-49 (Geo. W. West 1889).

115 Article, “Mail Among Oldest of Easton Services – Dedication of Post Office Annex on April 20 Climaxes 162 Years of Postal Development”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 12 June 1937, p.8, cols.1-2.

116 See “Easton Post Office”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Mon., 30 Aug. 1869, p.3, col.3 (double column of delinquent addressees, as well as a further list of mail “Detained for Postage, &c”; item signed by J.M. Mingle, P.M. [Post Master]).

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117 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 182-184 (George P. West 1885 / 1889), much of which appears to be quoted from James K. Davis, “History of the Easton Post Office”, in F.A. Davis (ed.), History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 165-67 (Peter Fritts 1877).

118 In each newspaper issue, the article – always entitled “The New Numbers” – was printed on page 3. A partial schedule of which streets were included is as follows:

Friday, 21 Nov. 1873 Northampton Street / Centre SquareSaturday, 22 Nov. 1873 6th Street / 7th Street

Monday, 24 Nov. 1873 3rd StreetTuesday, 25 Nov. 1873 South 4th StreetWednesday, 26 Nov. 1873 North 4th Street / North 5th StreetThursday, 27 Nov. 1873 [Missing from Easton Area Public Library microfilm]Friday, 28 Nov. 1873 [Missing from Easton Area Public Library microfilm]Saturday, 29 Nov. 1873 2nd Street / Front Street

Monday, 1 Dec. 1873 Lehn’s Court / Hay’s Court Tuesday, 2 Dec. 1873 Ferry Street (100-500 Blocks) / Washington Street Wednesday, 3 Dec. 1873 Ferry Street (from 600 Block) / Washington Street

(400-500 Blocks) Thursday, 4 Dec. 1873 Bushkill StreetFriday, 5 Dec. 1873 Spring Garden Street Saturday, 6 Dec. 1873 Walnut Street / Pine Street

Monday, 8 Dec. 1873 Ferry Street (from 700 Block) / Lehigh Street Monday, 8 Dec. 1873 ?? Green Street / Bank Street Tuesday, 9 Dec. 1873 Small Courts / Pearl Street Wednesday 10 Dec. 1873 Wolf St. / Locust St. / Sitgreaves St. /West St.

119 The map was part of the Maps from Deed Books volume re-discovered in the basement in 2014. The map itself has a more modern legend pointing to Deed Book H13 709. In fact, Deed Book H13 ends at page 708, but a two-line notation on the bottom of the last page states that a map had been filed in the Northampton County Maps from Deed Books volume at page 20. This apparently refers to the recently rediscovered volume.

123 Condit, History of Easton, supra at 182-83. 120 Article, “Farm Center Became City of Industry – Rivers Yielded to Seel as Town Gained

Name”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 12 June 1937, Jubilee Section B, pp.1-4, at 3. 121 Announcement, EASTON ARGUS, Thurs., 4 Jan. 1855, p.2, co.l.4 (streets numbered from

1st up to 13th). 122 C[harles] Kitchen, A General Directory of the Borough of Easton PA (Cole & Eichman

1855)(photocopy available in the Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library).

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124 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, History of Easton, Penn’a 402 (George P. West 1885 / 1889).125 Francis Andrew March, An Address at the Reopening of Pardee Hall Appendix at 18

(Lafayette College: 30 Nov. 1880, printed 1881). 126 Article, “Death of J.K. Dawes Former Postmaster of Easton Passes Away at

Washington”, EASTON EXPRESS, Mon., 18 Oct. 1915, p.4, col.2. 127 Peter Fritts, History of Northampton County 167 (1877, reprint by Higginson Book

Company). 128 See Article, “The Post-Office To Be Moved”, EASTON EXPRESS, Mon., 10 Aug. 1908,

p.5, col.4 (Post Office to be moved to Ferry Street property, as new post office built; had been in Amos Seip’s Building since 1893).

129 Jane S. Moyer (compiler), VII Marriages and Deaths Northampton County 1885 – 1902 Newspaper Extracts 109 (Easton Area Public Library 1976); but see Jane Sassaman Fleck, Northampton Traction Company “The Hay Line”, Paper presented to Fortnightly Group Feb. 1991, at 4 (spiral bound copy in Easton Area Public Library July 1991)(died at age 64).

130 Deed, Thomas A.H. Hay and William O. Hay, Trustees of Will of Jacob Hay, to Annie W. Hay, C31 215 (14 Nov. 1900)(Tract One; Annie Hay was Jacob Hay’s widow; her will was probated on 24 Nov. 1894). Two other property tracts were included in this sale.

131 At that time, it was sold outside the family. Deed, James H. Hay, Trustee of Wills of Helen R.H. Smith, Ruger W. Hay, and Anna Ruger Wilson, et al., to George James (Chrisanthe) Mechalakos, 471-000107 (1 Jan. 1979)(includes 61-70 Centre Square and 245-51 Northampton Street, except .1787 acre piece taken by eminent domain, per Deed recorded at 607 707). See also Deed, George James (Chrisanthe) Mechalakos to G & E Realty of Easton LLC, 2005-1-062176 (18 Feb. 2005)($1,015,000 sale price).

132 Its sign is clearly visible there in two photographs in the possession of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society: Celluloid slide copies in “Box 4 Glass”, Row 3 #52 (now digitized as PICT0249) and Row 3 #54 (now digitized as PICT0251). The original date of these pictures is not stated on the slides, but likely were taken in the very early 20th Century, because PICT0251 also shows an adjacent sign in Hay’s Court for the “Easton Casino”, which dates it to between 1908 and 1915 (see discussion above).

133 American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day” 21 (written c.1902 during Mayor B. Rush Field’s second 3-year term, reprinted courtesy of W-Graphics); George W. West (compiler), Directory of Easton City 284 (George W. West 1906)(Edwin Stipe, plumber, 67 Centre Square, residence 1234 Bushkill); Charles M. Bernard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton 357 (The Easton Directory Company 1908)(Edwin Stipe, plumber, 67 Centre Square, residence corner of 13th and Bushkill Streets).

134 American Journal of Progress, “Greater Easton of To-day” 21 (written c.1902 during Mayor B. Rush Field’s second 3-year term, reprinted courtesy of W-Graphics).

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135 Charles M. Barnard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton 20 (Charles M. Barnard 1920)(Edwin Stipe, plumbing and heating, office and show room at 62 Centre Square, shop and repairing at 67 Centre Square, residence at corner of 13th and Bushkill Streets). See generally 1920 Census, Series T625, Roll 1610, p.31A (Edwin Stipe, his wife and son, residence at 241 North 13th Street).

136 See H.P. Delano (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton Pennsylvania 90, 601 (Union Publishing Co. Inc. 1925)(Edwin Stipe, plumbing and heating, 26 North Fourth Street, residence corner of North 13th and Bushkill); West’s Easton Pa. and Phillipsburg, N.J. Directory 719 (R.L. Polk & Co. of Philadelphia 1930).

For additional details, see separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 26 North 4th Street. 137 Interview with Sia Bassil, co-owner of the CarmelCorn Shop (2 July 2008)(opened in

1931 at another location); Lauren Warner, “The Carmelcorn Shop: 80 years”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Easton Patch, 9 Apr. 2011, 5 AM (original owners John and Ruth Doherty).

138 Interview with Sia Bassil, co-owner of the CarmelCorn Shop (2 July 2008); see generally Article, “Candy still sweet deal in sour economy”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Monday, 30 June 2008, p.A1; Joe McDonald & Tracy Jordan, “Blaze inflicts severe damage to historic Easton building”, THE MORNING CALL, Tuesday, 17 Oct. 2006, p. 1. See also Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1937-38 648 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1937)(Karmelkorn Shop at 62 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1942-43 447 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1942)(same); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1944-45 586 (R.L.Polk & Co., Inc. 1944)(Kind Photograph Studio and Silas Kind at 64 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1947 661 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1947)(same).

139 See Lauren Warner, “The Carmelcorn Shop: 80 years”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Easton Patch, 9 Apr. 2011, 5 AM; Article, “Smoky fire shuts down candy store, restaurant”, MORNING CALL, 3 July 2001, p.B-3(CarmelCorn owners Sia and Tony Bassil).

140 Email from Alan Heoney (Alfred Heoney’s son) to Ellen Shaughnessy dated 22 Nov. 2010, and attached email thread. The Heoney family found the skylight and old backdrops while they were operating their studio (see below).

141 West’s Easton, Pa and Phillipsburg, NJ Directory 639 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1930)(Silas Kind, photographer, and American Stores grocery at 64 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1937-38 648 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1937)(same); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1942-43 447 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1942)(Kind Photograph Studio at 64 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1944-45 586 (R.L.Polk & Co., Inc. 1944)(Kind Photograph Studio and Silas Kind at 64 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1947 661 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1947)(same).

142 Email from Alan Heoney (Alfred Heoney’s son) to Ellen Shaughnessy dated 22 Nov. 2010, and attached email thread; see, e.g., Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1951 712 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1951); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1953 762 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1953); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1968 Street and Avenue Guide

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70 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1968); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1972 413 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1972)(Rembrandt Studio of Alfred E. Heoney, photos, at 64 Centre Square); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1980 Street and Avenue Guide 76 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1980).

143 See Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton-Phillipsburg 2003 Calendar unnumbered pp.30, 103 (2002)(photos).

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