Easy Guide to Chess

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Easy Guide to Chess


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E EE

hiefAdvisr: Gr KapaovEdir ndrew KmanRssian Series Edir Ken Nea

Oher ies f neres inc

LEV ALBURTTt d Improve Yo Che

AVERBAKHChe Ending: Eeial nowge

JOS CAPABLANCACe Fndamena

WILLIAM HARTSTONHow to Cea a Ce

JULIAN HODGSONChe Tavele Quiz Book

DANL KINGHow Good i Yo Che?

STEWART REUBENCh Onng - Yo Coce

VLADIMIR VUKOVICe of Aack in Cs

SIMON WEBBChe for Tger

ora compee caalogue of CADOGAN CHESS o (wich

cde e Pergamon Che ad Maxwell Macmlln Ce it)pleae wrie o Cadogn Boo pc, London Hou Pakgae RoadLondon SW 4NQ.

Tel (071) 738 96 ax (07) 924 591


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Easy Gude to Chess

J;\ LNN NEW R


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ADAN K DTRUTN

UEUROPE/AUSTRALASIASIAFRICA

Dstrbuon: Grnham Book Serve Ld, Iaa Newon ay AmaPak Indal Etate, Granam, L NG1 9STe 0476) 674 Fax 0476) 590

USCANALATIN AMEICJAPANDistrbution Parmont ibton Cente, on and BownSee Rverde New Jeey 08075 USA

Tel 6 46 6500 Fax 6 64 9

Fr algebrai edon pbed 994 by Cadogan Book p, LondonHoe Pakgate Road London S 1 4NQ

994 B H ood Memoal FndF pbied 194

A righs resere N par f his pubicain may reprcesred in a reriea sem r ramied in any frm r anymean eecrnic eecrsaic magneic ape mecnicaphcpying recrding r herwe wihu prir permissin inwriing m he pubishers

Britsh Lbrary Cataogung n Pubcaton DataA CIP aaoge rod for t book avalable om te BrihLbary

ISBN 1 85744 00

Cove d by Ba RobTypeeing by B B EnepePrned n Grea Brtan by BPC eaon Ld Exee


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Contets

Inoduo 7

1 e Men d te Mov 9

Sartg d g e Gme 233 Vlue o te Me 33

4 rt CGme 49

5 Element of Comnon 56

w

7 Te iee d te w 84

8 How o Me Good Move 93

sNotton 104

0 Bai Endgme Moti 108

Stndd Opeg 115

roem nd ril y 123

Appedix 138

Index d Goy 140


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Introduction

Wat ort of gme i che? Before I do ny ee, let me dpele dea ta it me for te ntellecu few, beyond te powe ofe avere pero. Te chsof a 'maer may be; but o i e n

n of a C e foobal gme of a Pee.. You cn l dve mmene plee om playg game badly!Howev obody really enjoy ply ny me badly for year a

e ye here a pecar eoymen bt people wo ed tobea you, d te m of ttle bk i o how yo not oly owce i played bt lo ow t ca payed well. I ve ted to povde you wh e oy of mpovent n e ee wy pobe Ihave bee to ge p o conde he expeece of my yeaply may coie to ml bk. A the ame me I ve not

voded repeto nd I ve ot rk y detiled expnobecaue I w yo to read, not wth depate concenaion, b n eme lazy way yo read a novel or a ewpa I m hopn book will enbe you to pck p csealy, amot cuy bu corectly.

C que o may way tha I c dy pe pce to recot em. W other ame ca you play by pot w oppoenn, ay, Autala? Or by teepone wth oppoen maybe fve ond mile awy - yet ame n oo? It the mot neatona of l gme, beatg eve ten t c t mbidevoee every civiled coy n Siba, Mexco Id CpeTown d Cactta Vacouv ad Vadvotok The Icede, athod m No of Eope, e paye. So e e Bailion te Euator. A ma oce wrote to me an ha he had foud nive pyig chs n he cha wd of Cena adac,me om nywhee

Imt be one of te ceapet gam A cscub need o ed or

pavlion, dn oom goa pot the player mef reque opecal clotn, bat, racquet, cap or the lke Apa om a room, a fewtbe, it d e g wc at a pnc, coud ely be ppledby one of the memr own oe a che cub need go o o


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8 Gu hess

the expee h a few chep e d boad. Anyhing moe i mere lury Ecept perha, a few ch cock

Anothe unque feaue: the leadg ch pye (o 'mte athey re nobly amed) have a bigge public h ede y othe

paime - thi may make footbll fic gp bt it i perfecy e.Game pyed betwee ledg me e ecoded ad epoduced mgzin d newpp ove he wod Any unuuay bilitgme i quoted om one o ohe, o be plyed ove by milio ofede nd bg it w fame, ot oy hi own couny, btbod; no oly hi ow tme bu mybe fo decad to folow

What ohe nd of gme c yo ply, if ecy whout a cpof appau of ny nd? Even nough d coe nee penci d

ppe Bdfod che i deveopmen of he gme by no me oucany o even difcut, mo people imagine The wo paicipt picue bord ad m hei md eye calng out heimove nd kping he poiio n hei he roughout It iot wy the onget pye who be at bindfod chs quiemedioce pyer ofen have almo tctive cpacty to ean theevechgg poition hei imgaio, ad occaionaly a bege k to bdod ch li a duck to wte

Uque he ieaue of ch Moe book have bn wrt

bot che h bou y oe gme own among them he econdbook eve pted in he glih lguage

ee one coideation whch mut men omethg to eveyewcome to the gme A teni player i od t 40 foobl t a baeba babe at 0 a table-tei chmpion (they y) 7 Whtatfacion he n dg you pow tatng to we almo befoe you have ely meed a game? Wht he but diappointment ad eget A che yo can cotinue to conoidate ad mpove fo a og long time Stetz w i oly middle ca pyeat 25, bt he uequty becme Wod Chmpio nd etaned thtite fo ove qure of cetuy Lake who ucceeded wa tplayng wel in mae-tomen a he age of eventy Chs i agme of the mind d mental powe coninue o deveop fo longeh phyica

Again che h no phyical ba, i poibe o eadcateflt of tyle by diigen dy whee in y, te, a bad tyepckd up i yo youh, when you coud o ffod epeive coach

ig might hamp you fo the e of your ifeSo om thi book yo c e gme whch c cotine o povide you with te ejoymen not fo te yer o fo twentyyer but til the end of yo dy


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The Men and er Moves

Chess is played on a ordinardraugts (ceckers) bod ofsxty-or squares atetely

cooued ight and dak. The coou cn acaly be ny twocoasng sades but re invaraby caled 'Wte adBlack n dscson. As indagts, he wo paes moveateaey om beging oed All te squa re ande boad mus paced so tat

eac player s a wite sque ine coe et is right and. ('Wte on yo rght i easy to

embe Look at ay completedagm is book, and notetat eac paye a wtesque nerest o at is igt

hnd Eac paye srs with

sixee me whic re o alaike as in daughs but avevaryng powers can move a cean way oter in noter,and so on Cess as manyanaogi wt war and wenpayng t, yo can easy magneyorsel s a wa Minister wivarious oces under yor com

mand each with s ow segand limitations; or stance yorfny moves sowy but cancross an sort of grond yor

tanks can coss roug ground btre sopped by rvers you navy powe a but uee on

land, ad so on I ce oe ofe men (te bishop) cn moveay distance diagonay bt notoewise wees ao, eng, can move in ny dtio,

bu oly one sqre a a tme; dso on

Yo oly ea tsk e beginnig i ta o eg wat

each d o cess mn ca adcnnot do and, sce he areoly sx diferent ds o m altold i i not dfcl ac, youhadly d to l ay moe you have had to e emeangs of ounds o diferen words you in coversation

evey day ou play a ew gm- make a ew mistak ke acd in is ak bt soon da you ow ow eac piecemoves wihot boterg o abou it

Checkmae

Each play one ma caed a'g The woe aim o chess iso coer you opponens g.


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Gu ess

We y 'checate it, or practi-cay always, for shor 'me iYou have mated your opponeskig nd herefore wo he gmewhe yo e eteing to'tae t nd you oppoent cn-

not do nyhg to peve you.A soo you have subjted

your oppot to ts ndigiyhe gme s over. s al yore realy payig fo om begg o ed dnt frge The

whoe aim of he game o getoe paicar m out of hesixtee you oppoet srs thegame wh nmely s g ioyour pow

Yo cn capue your oppones oher men nd ovethem om the bod her idraghs. Ts suay helps of

cose b yo mst ever be-come so itereted n he procstht yo forge the e im of hegame

To ake or 'capure at chessyou if he captued mn off hebord ad pce the cprgm on he sque it occupied

Your own m trows o hsadversary nd gbs his b ofteritory Yo re ot compeledto capue wheever yo can oaraly you oppoet (ss a big dffece om draughs aso is he fct ha yo nevermp over n eemy mn) Whea m is pced tt cold be

cptured it is said o be en prisepoouced o preez); m

may of be e en prise for to twey mov nd hen move

awy e ed witout beingcured t ll

There ae vaos pae ofcheme n but one sopopu or pen o paywth the Snto I hope,fo your sake, th yo hve ac-uired a set of hese nd I s-sme you have got hem by yo.Exmne hem

Note hat sxtee wte andsixeen back hese are e two

opposg rmes, one payer ta-ng commnd of te white mennd he oh of he bckWhite ma a move t henBack, h Wt aga ad o i sct alteto il hegame is ov

Ech set of sxtee smialycoloued m comprs egh

lite ones, a aie cled paws,ad egh arger oes of vyigdeg ced piec

The two wte piec ad hetwo blac pieces wch look kehe castl wee acay caledcastle a cetry ago bt wehave reverted to n od name de

rived om he Persn roos.These powe peces whichcn move ny dsance pwrdsdownwards o sdewys, but otdagoy. ey ct n oheword aog he ndfiles he ran beng he rowsof suares across he bod fromside to sde nd the the rows

rght ngles to thee crossghe bod om oe payer to n-ot

I printed digms roo re


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Mn r Mvs 1

show ik Whte k: Bac Next pick ou he wo piees,

one whie one back which havea scaoped coa round hernec. The ae e qus

Wht 'lBac le queen is the mos power

piece on e bord I ca moveany distace horzontay vert-

cay o diagonay; tha is to sayaog a rk ie o diagona.The paws ae easy o fmd.They ae pd dag

k this:Wte pn [Backp: Each payer has eig pawn

Thei norma move s oe suare

staight orward but they capureone squae diagonay orwadey cao move backwards bu

have one mendous powewhch i that wheever oeach the opposie edge o theboard unscathed it ca (acuaymus e exchanged no anyohe ma (ecept a g) its

own chooses. A e qun isemost power pece the suc-cs paw s usuay 'pomoed o a qun ad we hensay he pawn has b quenedI dosn mate the payersorigna uee is sti on he

boad he can acque a secondquen and even a hrd or ourthi he is so ucky.

The Kghts Move

The nex piece we come to i theight aso easiy reco or

both the pece d he prtedsymbo o (which we givewt a a hss ad

Whte ght Bac ght It h a rae pecui move

whch some peope gasp at once

ut whch bohes others. caseyou fd i hrd I sha expain itcrey.

Look a Diagram 1 e ghthere coud move a choice to nyo he eght squaes maked wian 'X. I an eny piece pawn sood on ay o hosesqua the gh coud captue

in a che diagrams Whiteges p the bard

Diagram 1

have come aoss ou dent deinitons o he ghtsmove ad I am going to gve aor Whateve you do don y


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12 E G t Ch

to memorie em al Read hemcefuly, make up you mdwhich sms te cleares o you

(it is curious how ases de),make a note of t nd forget het

) A ight mov to the nextbut-one sqe o opposite colouto e sqe on which i standsIt moves fom a white sqe to ablack sqe o from a black to awhite neve from wite o wte

o om black to black Veiyts om te diagram

i) I moves wo squares in onediecton hen one at ght ngesYou may d i easi to undestnd he gts move i yopictre it s tang pace in a ebox of sx sques whch icoss om coer o coer

ii) I moves one squae fowds o sdeways nd en onesque diagonally in e samegeea diection

offcal defnition says hegh can be moved ke a ookone sque and like a bishop onesqe, he squae aly eched

must not adjon he quare saed om, such movementscosttuing one move

iv) It moves o just thosesqes two sques beadthaway to wc the qeen ca ntmove You emembe ha thequeen ca move ay distce up,dow, o diagonaly? otewods, the queen cn move nydistce No, South, Eas oWt; or N SE, or SWTe ight cn move to ay of

he eigt inedate compasspoins E EE etcetc not ny distnce bu jus

wo quesImaginehe igt in Diagam1 epaced by a qee The queencould move to ny dtination nomoe ha two sqaes away excep hose o which te ighcould move and which we havemked by Xs) T popety ofthe gh is seul t is he only

m whic cn attack te qunwthou g attacked by thequn in e

Read ove eac o tese oexpaaons, consulting Dagam1 eac time, nd comg hthey l descrbe e ightsmoves d that each of heigts moves ilsated on ediagm confoms to em Thendecide wch expnaion youd easit ad forget e ohe or hey will ony muddle you!

We ave now pick ot o ouse of chessmen he quees, hengs, he paws he oos, theghs ad tee sod be ony

fo pieces lef, wo black, twowhie Tese e e sops. Theop is spposed o epren abishops mie

p: Bk p A we have aready mentioned,

e bsop moves dagoaly soat the powerl qun combines

e moves o a bishop d ook,being ae to move ike eih atchoce Te is notg moedeady ha a queen in l gt


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Mn and thr Ms 3

Catung

agam 2

Dagm o he capeof a ack bop y a ie ookWe pay i ook ono eqae occpied y e biop

d emov e laer om hebodI rp egne o

a, mong he mae eg i conide e ekof e piec, manly caue oe oe o i age aqee, ook o biop cn coe bod in a inge move,eea a g cnno do i feer a hee

To begie agenoveig evey ohe coideraio o i ohile making a effor o amiie yoefi i move a e vey gg o n dong o, yo ill

e mmediaey enuig youela bg advaage over may elod o go in aj fear of vagr for moh Te

ooe yo eega g o gl place a a uef r om eing piece e

moe qicky yo l come agood payer

Yo ll aedy ave gaereda e ng i a ar plapec nc a of o'd dend o Yo avealedy le i move, oeqe y diecon Naualy men e cno move like a

ig o yono move nqare NNE o yo od nof p in e mdde of aqare He ca move o ay o eeig qae ex o

ng B ng Yo may e cky and ave

go od of a ecodhand e n

c e co ben ockedo e op of i con eg cro eem o e movleabe pa of a ce e ad,a a rog emae I od ayha eny percen o e e e ave e ocked ooe or o o e ng!

May og o e fc a eng maed pell e end ofe gme e ng vrioueccrciie or ce e cannev e cpred; e king emain on he ord om e egg o e end of e gmeHe c never be e a poionee e cold e caped; e,

f a enemy pece heaen e m mediaely ge aayom e aack Evey oe plamu go by e boad n i cy


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Gi t Chess

o s ee heeded O-ten he plye mg the movewc ttc im sys Ceck!A chek is a threat t captre a

kng Any move wc does ommedtey ted o he cecks ilegl cot std nd cn e

pusedTee e tee wys o getig

o o ny tck nd he o chk e:

( Cptng e tcgpiece

( Movg the g o(c) teposig pece e

twee he tcg piece d heng

Ony whe e check comeom qee sop o ook ishis lst esuce ville wehe cecke s pw o gh

cptung it o movg he ge e oy esoucThe g cn eve move io

ceck e mke move whicwod low eny pe tocptue i eply. Cose-quenty he two c eveoccpy djct sques ecsehe oe cod cpue he ohe

Some llustaive Positions

Dim 3 te white ook sgvng check sice i could cpte he ck g nex move must now Bcks tomove d e ms ted he

ceck oce y cpuing heook wi e q o movnghe qeen i etween he ng nd

e ook o movng the ng soh it is no loge i ceck.

iagram

To move e g one squee wold ot vi cse wod eve sl sect tocptue y te ook ie stil i

chk No cod he move heg oe sque owds he ooko e sme eson No cod hemove o o he ck sqe ietween d he whie kigecse hee he wod e iceck om the e He codgo o ny o he mked sques

oweve nd e o o

check Digm 4 he ck kig

cn get out o ceck y movig to y o te ck sqnext o o y cptig heishop He cno move to hewhie sqe ove him o eecse e wod en e lileto cpe y te sop no o

t low on s e e-cuse the he could e cptedy e whie kig He cod move


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Mn and thr Ms

away to No-east

agram 4

agram

Here the black g is mated.Te rook is atacg adprevens his scaping eher Easor Wst. The ight preves s

moving or N and eshop prvens s mong ohor Souh. Fnaly, he we king

prevens om moving SWand he pawn om movg SEHe cano capre he attacgrook so cannot escape ayway. Checte! Whte hs wo

For some oher checteosios to Capter

maios o Moves

mght have spsed you to ow powe he ceare e bishop can ave anydstanc dagonally A rook anydstanc veically or hoizontay. 'Is a woder, murmrs a

draugs player her st anexposo Of couse evey piece, at prac

tcay evey stage of e game isobsuced by oer piec Teac ha capu ae not compulsoy makes a ot o differce.Take or leave s he sloganin cess. A piece or pawn may

rema caprable bu ucapedfor many moves one pyer ssatised al e me a s sto eave t in ta positio, ad heoter ha he gains ohng bycapring it.

atally piece wch is prs (captrable) lke his ally protected by some oer

mn i.e anoer ma of owsde is saioned a to be abeo recapure an ey pece capring . Te next diaamshows a gh protected by apaw. auay he gh s seagain captue by e blackqueen, or he paw woud mmediaely recaptue and Blackwoud ave give away powerful uee or a gh.


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6 E G t Ch

agram 6

A man can move on o a squreoccupied by a hosile piece, wehave seen capuring i. Replacethat hosile piece by another ofhis own colour: now e caotmove to tha square. The endy

piece block his acon or movemen in ta drecion Two mencan never occpy he amesqure

agram 7

A chan cano movehrgh anoter e ight may

apper o do ths b sch is nothe ; it le of aciotween te mmedaely adjacensquar, so tha can pass

tween te bishop ad rook Diagrm 7 o the squre beyond

Hence no other ma can blocka igs move in any drecionIf every mrked sqare onDiagram 1 were occupied byoter piec e ght wod beabe o move to any of thesquar mared wi a 'X.

Let us ake another postion aradom o ilsae the poweof te peces.

agram 8

In s postion(a) The whie rook could at

coice move one sqare to tele; or wo sqares or rsq or four, to the lef or onesqare dow or one sqare up; ortwo squar p or three squar

up n whic lat cse he wouldcapue he blac bsop Theare the only mov legally availabe to the rook in this pition,


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Mn and hr Ms

H cann m rgh a a cause the wte pawn - a endly

piece - occup te nex squae.

he were o captre thebshop, e wold give ceck ote black g ad Back woudhave to ge is king ou o checkbefoe dog anytng else.

The gt coud also captue te bisop; o i coud moveon o any o the back sqaes justabove e back kg o to the

squae s n ont o the ook oro te back sque o te ghad edge o te boad ad neat the bottom No o any oesquae. t cold have moved o ote sqae occped by the we

pawn tha ad o en occped by a endly ma

(c) Te whe g can ony

move legay to oe squae, tewite squae to Noth-w.On te ig e is sopd by teedge o te boad. I he wee o

move to ethe o te sqar ow e coud be caped byte back kg so canno egaly

move tere a a The ote woblack sqaes by e smay 'coveed and rendeed habtabe o by the blackbisop

(d) Te back bisop ca moveo ay o te in squa onte wo diagoals whch ntetwhee he stads Cot up tesquares o youse, o con

hs(e) Wee can the back kngmove? Not o ay o te eesquas s above m o they

e al covered by ete tewte g o te wte gt.Fve othe squa are ope to

he coud move oe uergt e, dow SW o SE I ewee o move one sagt downe wold captue te witegt

Bea mind that: (a) pecescape the oa way o ter

moves ad hat (b) men o tesame colour obsuc one anothe

Ps

Pawns ave seve pecuatis - is us ike he ie elows obe awkwrd To beg wth a

paw can move backwads t ste oly man wch cao Then

nike any piece, captu n adieent way om its odnay

move mv saght orwardb apr oe qae owaddiagonally

* a Ii0 "

agram 9

The dagam shows te wo


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18 G t Ch

o of move. Have you gothem? A pawn' noal move one quare raght fowar; f twan

to make a capture, however, it ca only o if tere an enemy pece o one of twoqure of te ame coou that whch he occupe an dagnay n ot of whchcae e jump nto he quare occupe by ha pece (or pawn)eectng te atter

If here an enemy man on hequare ecy ot of en he cano capture t - a ecano move ono at quae eier beng blocke effectvelya t were occupe by oe ofh ow pece f hee a enemy pece on he quare n ontof but o eny pece on he

quare eher e of i, hepawn cano move a al i enext iaam

agram 10

The paw cano move orcapture

The next compcaion aroe

hough impaence Peope foui ow wag for te paw tocome o p wh each oher n

he me of e bor a hebegnng of te game, o heyinouce a rue that a pawhou abe o move twoquare fowr for h tmove ee, nea of oneTh appi for any pawn to rt move ony note! Te tmove you make wh any paw

ca be one quare fowar or twoqur fowar wichever youprefer afewar, at paicuarpaw may avance one quareony a a time You are never aowe o cape two quareaway ey have never tee ecapung rue o tat a pawnweher on t move o ay

oter can ony cape oequare away agonaly

A al compcaion the npaant ue whc we houc before movng any furter

The wte pawn n te nextagam No 1) coul be captue by he bac oe if t wereto move one quare fowar.

A on he quare where tcommenc he game, t couelect to ump wo quare nteaof oe, an mght hu evae thicape The wte pawn Da

gram 2 migh become a paepawn a a bou umpng to he

quae between te two backone n ituaton uch teea peca rue give Bac heght o captue he paw a f t


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Mn M 19

a avance oy one squesea o e opiona wo.

agram

agram 2

Imaing e capue e playsis pawn on o te square wche wie pawn wou ave oc a av n nsqe (i eac o se wo iaams the we squre ono te wie pawn Bac mus

mae te capue at nc o eos e rg o o so i eshou mae any the move eply o Wes oube pawn

avance e wou se or ees o a game e rg oape a partcua pawn

yous w ha pawn oIn Diagram eite o theblac pawns cou mae te npaant capue.

Dias 3 an 4 sow poss beoe an ae a ypican paant cape m DiagramI. Diagam 3 shows he posiin ate Wies mve n Dia

14 ae Blacs lycapg n paan!

agram 3

agram 4


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Gud Css

It loo cuous to capue this way a pawn which had edto jmp past you, movng yopawn to a empty squae andremoving one of your opponent'spaws fom aoher sqae. t easiest to rememer ike ths: forone move, yo have the ght toact as if your opponent's pawn

had advanced oy one sqaeistead of two

T is caled captrig ps

s (meag in passng) atitle whch expas itself. Only apawn has power to captue pss the pawn in he nextdiagam coud be capred by the

bishop if it were to advace onesquae; if it were to make a do-

le mp he ishop cod olyook o helplessly for he has no

power to captue pss andhe paw wod have eluded Only on a pawn's frst move

ca it e captured pss natually snce at no oher timecan it advance two sqaes atonce. To e abe to captue pss a pawn must stad on itsprs rank

It would e neater I sppose ifodd rles like and castingwere elmated ad evey m che had only one sot of moveom egnng to end of thegame t centuies of ia haveevoved the game as we ow ittoday ad as evey iovatiowas timately tted om eview pont Do it make egame more eoyabe?' wenot compla.

Dgrm 1

Ds

A we have seen a game of chec won by a checate.Peope often resign to save me

when hey see there is o hope ofavoidng ulmate checate.A game daw(a) W a paye is not ale to

make ay lega moveu gis ot in check. T i caledstaemate ad exampes aegiven n iagrams 29 ad Ifthe g of a pay who is

stalemated were check hewould be checated so tat fo of daw is oen haied wha gasp of elief

If te same positio withthe same player to move occs tmes ad a coect cam ismade by tat player

(c) f 50 scceive mov oneach side are made wihout acaptue or a paw move

(d) If at ay sage the two


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M d r Ms

paye age o al t a awe If one payer a bmi te

oer to a ens i ofhe (epetual he)

A omo peeta epoion hown Dagam 16

Digrm

Here te qeen c eiv aenl uon o e byolatig between her preentqure a te whte qae a ower ighha oer

Digrm Daam 1 e ba qeen

marly fore a aw by mov-

ig to an om te qaremare you wl tat ewie g a o oe bt tomove o a om te whteqae to rgh

Ranks les an Diagonals

A ran i a ragt row ofqua aro te boar Wite St rn:

Digrm 8

Whte eon ran

Digrm 9


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Gu t Css

Diaam how Whte'eigh rak (and i i of coue ate me ime, Black's rak).I i e oppoe edge o e

board' whic we efeed o onpage 1 1 t when one ofWhe paw reache a quarei rak tat it c equeene or ohewie promoted

agam 0

A ie i a aig row oqure up the bor om oneplayer o h opponent (ee Diagram

agam

A agonal i a taigh row oquare l ack or al wetouchng a e coe oly ahow Dagam 22. Thee

tem rak fie a dagonal aevery ueul cuion

agam

F 'O O

You hou be quie famliar wtthe mov of te piec by now,bu jut n cae you are not uggt you re-red h chapercaely beore movng on o tere of he book

Don' forget e geat am o game t to capue your opponen men bu o mae hikng Ge ta man!

Al th my have oundeomewh ewieg u whenyou have once graped irchapter, you have ped all he

real eenial From now on you begin o enoy youelf


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2 Sang and Finshng he Game

To sta a gme, te men eplaced like s:

agram 2

The pieces (ie. al te m butte pawns) ae placed i a denite order alog each player'sback rank; e pawns occpy e

two rows or ks ont oftem whch cdenaly, we calthe second aks'. Among e

piec te oos occupy e otermt posito he comgwad fom eihe ig o et

we ave in gts bisopsg nd queen The gs aceeach other acros e boad eqns likewse the black qengo on a black sqae te wheqn o a we sqare.

Even owadays a chs set araged ready o pay is a aacve sight It mst ave looked

even more srrg a osadyea ago, whe e wo ts wereoen elaboaely cved. A gws a mc more importat pesonage te od days - i hesoud appen to be badempered t migt afect to o his sbjects a spobaby wy te cstom aose o

mag is ae decde te colic cess The qen' sed tobe Grad Vze or meMiniser beoe she somewhauaccoutably ed to a wo; which explains er powerTe game passed trogh nmerabe chg in e irt fewcetries of ts exstence nd

whist te qeen's move remained much te sme te pecemovig it chaged se In tesame way he oo were notcasles at all ogially, bt

owdhs on eep wic Peria ad India whee chess wasbo were esOme adncts owarae In Rssia te bsopswere ships for a wile which isghy ogica you reect how abhopormally gets p the boad


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Gu t Css

by 'tacng like a shp advancgagaint the wd. Ad on.There is a story every chem It i said hat the game wasnvented s a substitte for wr,providng a contest with al hethris o warre and mny of heides nd sratagem but none ofthebloodshed nd misery

Casling

he early hstory of chesspeope often fond it rs toeve the gs on ther orgnalsqres so kept shufg haway to the rght or le s soons neighborng pieces had en

moved Ao they fond hat theroo to be propery uis had

equently to be brought to themidde of the back row whe theng and queen orginally stoodso that in game aer game eachplayer wold waste perhaps six orseven moves echangng hepositio of hs ng nd a rkTo peed up the game a specialmove ws inoduced by whch

he terchnge cold be considerably speeded up You remem

ber hey sed to ca rookscstes? They ca this pecial

move 'casting to this dy tbrngs a rook nto play nd takaway he ng into saey

he ng c caste eih toright or to e colaboratg wthwhchever rook i on he sidehe mov to and is how it idone:

The ng moves two sqarestowards the chosen rk d the

rk is hen paced on the sqreov which he has pssed

The ng rher om onerook than the oher; does notafct the above re which covers both cs but it do affecthe inal position reched hedams show the stte of afairsaer castlg each case

(a) With the nerer rook

iagam 4Before cstg gside

iagam 2Aft castng ngside


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ng and Finshng he Gme

Wt e re stat rk

iagm 26Befr castlg eese

agm 2

After castg qse

Casing is llegala f eth the g r the

rk as prevusly v evenf they ave suequenly veback ter riginal sqares

If the g is in chck yuca never tise castg t ve f chk

c If te square the g passver r he square it iss n

ner aack fr a eneym; r

If any square bewen theg an te rk s ccupie

Once y ve yu king yucann castle fr te res f tgae if y ve ne f yurks en yu c csew at rk ugh yu aywh yu er Ne tat yc casle save a 'rk atack tere s nthing ilega

asng wen eier e rgalsquare f the rk r a square ips ver but whch the g n s uer stle freNe as ta hwever ayt a king has been ceck fhe has nevermoved a tececk e s sil e righ tcastle

Me Posos

Nw yu w w se up thepees fr te gae hw teyve an capte an wat yuus sve fr I nee y p a few typca ag psins

t save y te anyacef sg severa pc t teg yebeg uable effec aae wth th an yu wll reay fr yr frs game

te pts wch flwthe kig ate is the black ne

A queen aie by her kigane ca eiver ate Maeve the avese ng he en fe bar a then play the queen te sare in f sup-


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6 Guide Chess

poed by you own kg a Diagram 8 wch ould caely examined to vify a

he black ng i atacked whehe tad and a no way ofevading the attack.

agram 2

The quee mus be uppored!Take he whie ng away omhi lte pat of he board, adBlack ha one eaven-en reouce: he cao move to anyuoccped quare by becaue hee ae all covered by hewhite een bu he can capure

he queen herse

Wch O or teme

Wen yng o mae yo opponet wi g and quee guardcaelly againt he dage oftaemating h a n Dagram

9 and . If i Black' tomove hee he game i daw bytalate Shod Black ave apawn omewhee ele on the

boad whch i fee to moveee wod of coue be noaemae

iagram 2

iagram 30

A epained n Capter taemate i a draw

More ndrd Mes

Anothe typical mae by hequeen i ow n he ext diagam


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aring and Fnhng h Gam

iagram

Hee e wte g cove etree qua in ont of e bcng, wlt e qeen cover etree qur plel to em ine e i on A roo wouldee fo i mte ju wel a

e qn ince e qun powe ong dgon (wic rell roo lc in con oe) ot being ued fct i e no mting poiton ly eced we mte obe delivered y oo lone

Aoe common mte by roo own elow Blc previouly cled d pyedwy o i oo om ec , o e elplsgin i arp in e ideH own pwn preven ecpng o any que o i ond It i occionly ue to

move one of tee pwn n

ely ge o povide ecpeole and preven o of decle; on te ote d to bree ine of yo pw in ti wy

a drwbc we l te

agram

Hee mte wc demort e powe of e bopd e ig ce eyre gin ded y lc me

robing e g of two of pobe cpe qe:

iagram

And ere note fycomon cominative mte: Teroo peven e g mmoving o e le or to e wite


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8 Gui Chess

que on he ight, and atack where he ta; the bhopprevet he g om movg tohe black quae in fon of or (impotat!) captug herook.

agam 34

Oe bhop alone (aed byhe ubiqou g cno de-lver mae Two bhop ca buoly by drvg he advee gnto a co o the boad hu:

agam 35

e Queens o RooksBaie

al he mate poiton given upo ow you may oeve t heng maed h en drven to heedge of he bod It aturayeaer to aditer he ihigtouch when ecape in oe ormore dection i preveted bythe edge o he board. Do not take

thi meang hat he g iaer a genera ue in hecene of he boad he woud of be at the mcy of hotiepe here

vig fo a mae iworth oing ha a ook o aqueen ca et up a baie to hepaage of a hotie kig whch

retche gh acro a openbod. Hee he qun commaevey quae on te le (e verica ow of quare t tad on

agam 3

Conequenly he bac kgcoud o move to any o he


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aing and Finhing he Game 9

squaes on is lef and s, idedcomed to sx squares alog erigh-had edge of he boad aslog as he qun remais whereshe is. Tese are he square he ison and e ive immedately ow Repace e qeen by aok ad he g wod stl beconed o at fle bt e codnow move oe sqare pwads swel

Incdetay n a pion sc

as Dagram 36, don chec wityour qee by movig i to heedge o e boad; would ete blac ng o of hs prsoito he ope board Move pyou whte kig as shown by heX Bac cao e escapeng mated ex move as inDagram 8 Iorance o thslte prciple may wase yomuch tme at the ed of a wongame

A bisop cao set p a bar e :

iagam 37

Here he bac ng ca cross

he bshop's diagoa onto hewhie sqare o his No-wt bishops co-orig ca

om a ba, s n Dagm35 no bac g could cross heboad om Soh-wt to orheas aumg e bshops avodbeng capted Try it!

You shod soo lea ow odever mate befo excangngdown to sc smpe endngs ashe Two or tee pec wor

ig togehe can mae an eemykng comfoabe pecay some of e escapesqas n hsmmedate vicnity ae bocedby hs own me as hey wl befor he maor pa of every game

Bef Mtng

Combnton

Diagm 38 sws a beatifultough wel own mate whchisaes hs blaty Sttfrom ths pion Bac havngobviousy cased wh he rooorignay he cer to hs g

e whe qeen moves onesquae oward chec Shecaot be capred now btBlac has wo ways o evadngthe chec He can pu he roo wee e qu ad is g,b then e qeen cod caprei gvng chec agan, ad shecould not be captued by he

bac kng case ha wod bemovg nto chec om he witeigh his coao s bad, Blac wi coe he oher


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30 Gu o Ch

aeate and moe hi kng ohe coe.

agam 38

Now Whte moe hi ighono the ae n on o heblack ook n dong he heaten o capte he back kng wh

Check agan:

iagam 39

Back can awe hi check by(a) capng the ght wh theook o bngig h gback agan on to he whte uaeto hi le a we hae n n

tepng o coue a checkom a ght ee eable hee ateatie the dtteul a t gace foWhite by ecaptng he ookwih h een wold haeganed a ook fo a igh agood bagan o a bad oneo Black (Acally Whe hatonge ep i) So Blackmoe he g back on o hewhte ae b now come a

caaopheWhte mo h igh o heuae n fot of the whte ng dong o he dele a dobecheck wo check at once!(Dagm 40

iagam 4

Fo both hi g ad hght ae theaenng to capuehe black g next moe echeck om he ee o a typeown a the dicoeed checkn gg the ee d notmoe heelf bt ha he lne oe opeed o cleaed a a eltof a moe by a edly pece


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ang and Finishing he Game

whch previously obsucted Nowadays we sould nomallycall is a 'covered ceck

had o the te dscoveedceck en adopted cetago, ad perssted.

Bey a dscovered check isthe type gven whenever the pecegiving the check is n the pecemoved

Doble Check

dscovered check s worse aa odary one a ule becasee pece wc cears iself ouof the way to gve the ceck cando a sorts of damage It mgmake a capte bu can be immne om mmediae recaptrebecae he ceck fom e otherpece wose atack ncoveedas o atended to st

doble check s a ceck fomtwo peces a oce. It s a dscovered ceck were the pecewic moves as wel as e pecebehd gves check Ts can

partculary oble Two of theusa esorces fo meeting aceck ae led out at oce: yoobvously caot capture twopeces at e same me no yo nepe a pece so as toscren you kng om two covergng ne of attac So ee only oe resouce e - flghtThe ny anse a dubecheck s a mve f he aackedking

So ee the haplss black king

mst go back to is coer If hewere o move o o he oyother sqa obsuced by s

ow pec the wte square non of s rk, e would stillbe check om bo the qeeand te ght.

ow Whte pays s eenoto e sare te king jstvacaed Check aga and tsime a ceck o whch there isony one reply Tee o oom

for terposion e king canotcapte te quee o te squaeo wic se sads s st commaded by the igt; nor can hemove anywhere ese So te rookmust captre te queen

ow com he cmax heg moves so as to gve mate

depiced Daam

agam 4

Te black king n checkom e ight wch cano captred ad al e tee squato wc he mig move aeblocked by s own peces hss aply emed a smotheed


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3 E Gude to Chess

mate te g eg smteredy hs men hch lck esca

yu sudy is ittle le fpay carefuly yu il set esea n yr edge emves e pieces y lave made acquaintance t tspecial ds f ceck ad taed a glimpse the eauty fce terhy is the maner ic jus ee te ed

We deleratey gves p s

quee fr ning ecause e a e can ce mate andtus in e game

ave a game t smedy! Preferaly anther leaerIt t e grea cess t yulleny it O e ther and f yupreer ead n yl ind ext capter very insctive atis stage deas an interestng pc he reative vaesf e vaius peces and the

pas


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3 Values of the Men

Diagra 4

Ts diagam shows a rdculousbut no impossible positn,whch eaches n mporn les-son. Wite as lost al but two ofe en wh whch e sarted;

Back has not os one. Ye ege s over and Whie as wonecase the lac g s maed!

We loo o a queen as aoe poweful tha a oo and a f me we apawn ad are jus n dog son the vast majoy of nsnces

u ere Blac as a qeen twoooks wo bisops wo gtsand seven pans more soppoent ye has los the gamee one white paw s supeo o

al of e. Wy? Beause t sspreely well placed wheeasall Back's me very adypaced Noig could show moevividly tha any stmate o elative sengts o he pis sttae the acor o positon noaccount. Rarey ndeed is e dispaiy s ea as ere, thougho a player givs wo or heepieces o give ae wh e e

mande of hs fore. cse yousd regad e abve postionas too aasic owever ere se actua concuson to a gaebetw wo leadg Polish play-ers soe ime ago:

Diagra 43

How any exa pecs dos


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34 Ea Guide to Chess

White have? Fo! Ye he haslos because s g is maed

Altough such violenly paradoxical positions ae rare, t s

sae to say that he elative valueso te peces ae lueced byther suaions at evey sage oevey game. Here we may fmd aight so well posed tat i is asseul as a qeen; tee we mayfd a qu so bady placed thati s weaker ha a bishop easly udertadable case is hato a pawn wch ca e pomoted o a qeen i it eaches hethemost ra Wh eveysuare i advances its chaces obecomg a qun cease andas these chances increase dsits value to ts possesor houghto an extent sometimes dcu

to gage I s wo sqaes romthe ueeg' sqae ad completely hed p y enemy piecesit may stll be woth ittle moethan when t stated on its journey has oy one sqare ogo d ca hardy be deredom advacg i may be - oral pracical puose wor a

qe areadyt is tus qe misleadg o

caculate as i every piece retaned he same ateg valueom the irst move to the astad o assme tha he euaion' am gog o give you are as reliable as wce ve are t. Eachrepeens a ough aveage osometg wch is conatyvarying

You wil md he olowg it-

te table vey seul i you neverorge his nd ake the values asapproximae and vrable averages oy:

Tag the value oa pawn as 1 unia bshop or ght s woth 3

nsa rook s woth 412 utsa ueen is woth 9 nitso elaoaeA oo is wot a shopad

ahl or a ghndahal; ora pawandahal more ete a ight o a bishop

The Bshop

A ist glce, tee seems litleto choose twn a oo nd a

sop The ome can move nydstce along te rank o te ileo whose nctio snds; telate can move ny disncealong either o the two diagonalso whose ucon it stands. Wehave aleady pointed out, howev tat a ook can set up abae acoss he board the

same way as te queen Diagram 36 wheas a bishop canno. s o cos

Ftmore, owing o the peculia geometry o the chessboard, a ook commds morequaes as a le th a bishopPlace a rk and a shop, ton oe o he cetra squares ote oard. Yo wil nd ha herook could move, a choice ony o otn dieent sqae,


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36 Guide o Chess

black squae, howeve much ttwsts and t. ong as apaye etas both hs bishops, weaess s not too keenlyfelt; but as sn as one o them sexcnged off, t may become soSuppose yo whte-squae bishop has been exchanged of yoopponent need oly move hismen onto whte squaes to makeyour emang bshop almostuseess

Bishops o OpposieColo

Tis weaess of a bshop onsques o oppote coo totose on whch it move has oneater skng cosequence If a

game daws to conclusion wthevey pece exchanged off but abshop on each sde and thosetwo bshops move on dfeentycooed squaes the game samost nvaaby dawn Even ione paye ha a paw o eventwo paw moe an hs opponent he may be uabe to wn

Nethe paye can acheve anythng One is al-poweful on thewhte sues but weak on theback the othe vice-versa. Hencethe t wl aways d t ighydangeous pehaps impossblewtout oss, to advance any ofhs men onto a back sue sothat they al become stuck onwhte and is opponent wllsmy stuck on back Listenng to te convesation of keen

payes you wl oen hear themfe to bishops of opposie oour; tey ae efeg to thsphenomon o advese bishopsotng on opposite colouedsquares poducng a dw

Te diagm whc olowspovdes a itte pactca demonsaton of Back has vemoe paws thn Whte but uless Whte budes fooshycnnot possby wn Ty t out

take one sde and get a fiend totake e othe Vfy tht aslong as Wite keeps hs ng umoved and hs bshop on the ongdiagona t at pesent occupies,ack canot move a pawn wthout havg t mmedatey captued He canot move is gso can ony sue bshop

about heplesly and aly aeto cal te game a daw

Dagram 4

Ohe nstances of t bshop'weaess on squaes o t othecoo ae gv late

So much o he bishop


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Vaues fhe Men 37

The Kigh

gh is ineo o a rookmainy in e sos of isstde; s we ave sn, i dsat least tee mov to cs aboad wereas a ook do i oe. e mddle of a opeboard a g commds eigsquas (eg hose marked whstars in Dagr I) Move to

the side of he board as thenex dagam, and he commnsfou move m o he coer as Diag 50, and he commadsoy two These fg compabadly wi te bsop's andwos wt e rooks proud totalof foutn qr om aywhee o e oad gh sf

e om he campg aco ofe edges o the bord n a waya o o al popoton, soha more th ay ohe pecee should be kept nea to ecene

Dagram 4

Dagram 50

ig has two eements ofsengh. Its ine of aciono boced by ay othe manethe fiendy o hostie(Dagam 7), that as we aves a chk om a gt c

no be aswered by eposionFo the me reason a gcn very se wh a postion is bocked as sown inDiagrm 5 1 .

Dagram 1


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38 Ea Gude o Chess

I is the siuaion of the pawnswhich deermnes wheher or nota posito is 'blocked ; sice

pawns can oy move saightforward excep whe captrng,hey jm each others prog-rs ad become so mobile thahey reduce the mobiliy o thepeces oo. I Diagrm 5 howare the we pieces o ge at theback, or the bck o ge at thewe? I sch a posion as his,

ights aceve more oherpieces, becase hey ca ilaeamong he paws where the ohers cnot

O he other had when mosto the paws have been exchaged of or whe they arescatered abo so eey as to notaect the mobiliy o the piecesthe ghts o lte se de tothe shoe o her sde Theymay be lae arivg o the sceea a cica momen a reslt

A we have see a ighmoves from a white sqare to ablack or ve vesa ever om awhte sare to a whie A a re

sult of ths he can ever save orose a move: if he could get to apicuar sqare i oe move hecod ge o i n ree moves orive or any umber ofmov bu ever i an evenmber sch wo or or omater how mch he doblabou This can occasionaly be ansace. Look a he ex dagram

Here Whie only awaits achnce o move s kg ou of

the coer nd ee his paw,when he wod easy wn A themomen he ca not or the back

kig gardg is oy twosares of ext Sppose it weBacks to move howeverhe cod o move on o he blacksqa beow hm becase hecod here be capred by theigh so mst move away omhe whte kig aowg he aero movehe wshes

Dagam 5

Now suppose o he oherhad tha i we Whes o

move Al he wats is o creaethe same siion bt wihBacks o move or ha aswe have seen is dsasos orBac Ca he do ths? ever!Smpy becase he gh cnotmove o save or lose a move,he back ng ca saey oscilatebeween he we suare he is oad he back suare low keepng the whe kg impsoed ad ohing the ght cado w preven The gh


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aue /he Men 3

could roam away over he boardbt would always come back atjus the wrong momet.

The 'Exchage

Ths we have see t boh hegh d he bishop ve weak- wc make hem, as arue, worh less han a rook Ifyou wn a ook exchage for a

bsop or gh, you said to'w the exchange ad yo em-erge om te rasacton teexcage up. Our word is lessogical th mos Conetalangages, whc te the opeton g the quaty.

Sce the bsop nd gh feor to te rook, they ae ofte

refeed to as minor piec, heook ad qee beng 'major orheavy piec

Dagam

Occasoally a seres of checksfrom your oppones gt becomes tag Here s a ip

whic wll eabe you o escapethe beasts unwelcome aetionHe as a bid spo wo squaesaway fom him diagoally, whchhe caot atack fewer ththee moves. Move you kg to spot X on he dagm) andhe ight wil no oube o fora we

Bishop and Kigh aepacically eqa i Vae

Possby he bshops supeormobly vey slghly more hncompsat for his ieffectiveness on sqr ot of colou;but heres little n it. Muc depeds o weher te bishop retas patner workg to

geher your bishops ae sog,for whatever it oe canotattack, the oher can. It s whenoe of them is exchaged off tathe ohers weas becomesmf. For ths reso it s adefie advage to have twobisho agast your opponesbishop ad gt, oter thngs

beng equa (at e sme tme,by too slght advantageto produce a w ou of n oh-erwise absotey leve posito.To have two bishops aganst twoghts s even beter, probablysfficient for a wi i he orty of postos he bshops caise er sperior mobiity,wls eac comds hesqar te oter caot


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40 Ea Gud t Ch

he o Bsops

A tis explans noher commonreference in te convesation anditeatue of chess enhusass. Tosay ha one payer as te advanta th tw bhp or simpytat e has th tw bshps mpes that he etaned bohbishops wit which he sarted hegame, bu has maaged o ex

chnge o one or oth of his opponensWen we come o endings

where one playe has os eveyman ut his king and the othhas ony te kng ad a couple ominor pece efw n bhopsupero to ghs Kg d twobishops can mae a king failyeasiy Diagram 5 for thea positon) ; kng bishop andgh ca foce a mae but olywith difculy he fna posoneg as how in the next dagam:

Daram 4Kg nd wo ghs canot

gve mae a al ues te defender comis cess sucde

I s are hat a te paws exchanged of whilst ay pecerema muc more commoly,he whoe gt te concudgsages of a toug game evolvesround te effo of the espectveplays o pomote one o moeo her ew at pawns wih thead o he one o two pie remaining ucaptued on each sde

h ype of ending a sop ssuo to a gh te pawsare scatered aout he board sotat thgs are abe to happen inseveal dieen par of heboad Tus the postion in Dagrm 55 whc occued n agme between wo fary evenymached mastes (Stolz andKada, tough t looks even,was won by Black without greatdifficuty mag use o sisop's longe strde

Daram 55

On the ote had if te opposing groups of paws ae in


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aus fth Mn 4

one compact mass, there s litletwn gh and bshop adthe foner may even supeor.

In an arag pstn a rks wrth mr than a knght and apawn but ss than a knght andtw paws Substtut 'bhp f 'knght ad y an say sam

A bishop ad gh are equalo a rook and wo pawns; tey areceranly beter a rook ad

oe paw Wth ths typs fbaan f matra t s w tnt that th au f th rkand pawn(s tn t nras att a th gam gs n. A wehave seen wo bishops aresigtly speior to and twogs say sgy erorto a bsop ad a ght

Ope les

A rook is at s s wen stationed o a opn le an 'openle being one on whch stands nopaw o own coo and nowel-proected enemy pawn eer of wch wod camp hisefec O te square e occupesat the commecemet of thegame he is obviosy adyampered by he paw n on o

Naraly he rook is 'saeston e rst rank o an open fe

ie te rank rom wch al hepeces star. He shold be heldtere a re utl e gothrough to te snth rank,

wch is te mt powerul hecan occpy snce t te oe fromwch he eemy pawn sa ot

ad o wch here wl earyalways reman a ew for him toaack:

Dagram 56

I eter of the pawn whicthe rook s here thrateg ocaptre moves forwad o escapethe atack i merely expes anoher pawn now shetering edi Aoher reaSO wy he rook swel tatioed on te seventh rankis tat it oen traps te advsekng on the ak beyod, thudenying acce o veeghhsof he board ju he blackkng Diagram 6 is sht oom he of al bt a ewsquar a rsu o e postiono Wtes queen

Two rooks side by side o heseveth rank (doubed here)

ca exert a murderos effectNatally spa crcmstans a rook may be alwerul on te t sixh or ay


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42 Gud o Chss

oer but the power cangenerate on the seventh as o beexperenced o be beieved.

Whether a file s 'open or no

depend eniey on the preenceor aence opn on it doesno mater how ny pic thereae on ha e; s s cosidered open if cea of pawns.T s because pece are soch more obe hn pawnsand coequeny ess key orean on he e for any enghof tme Pec stay put so sedom, n fact ha a qeen or ngon e sme fe as a hose rooki n soe danger even toughere may be wo or even threepeces beongng o one sde orte other on nterveig sqaes. i ofen advsabe o antcpate

the danger o a g or qen sopaced by movig of he e

Digrm 5

Unabe o a se o any

open ie a rook can becomesomewha hepe For ceWhte canno poby wn ro

Daam 5If here ony one open e t

ay pay you o doube yourooks on e. pace one hnd

he other. The en reorceeach others acon : eneypece sayg on e e can becapured by he st ook whchif recapred, can en beavenged by hs ate coigaong o behind.

ee oughly oho Rook o hree MiorPece

The queen s a er strogest nte dde of he game hemddegame aer he suations been paray smpfed by

te excange o two or heepaws nd two or hree peces oneach sde Se can do ite n heeay stages se too vauabe o be risked o i the hrybury whe a mior pece orpaw may snap her up. Towardste vey end of a ong and doryfought game wen ony perhaps

ve or six men rema on eboard she ay begn o ose hergrp agan She en may be serosy roubed by say a rook or abshop wh a er power sheremans ony one piece ad caoy be n one pace a a tme. one of er pawns can be suaneousy atcked by the two hos

te pieces as n Dagra 5 shemay be unabe o save t as eycan captue twce ad se can


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au M 43

oly capure onc.

Dagram 58

The mos impotat facor inthis d o endg is he siatonof e g opposd o her If i isexposd, hen she Ca acque toal intens he ability o be i

seveal places a oce by jud-cioy chcng Te oppos-g payer has to atend o achec ualy by movng ng ad he positio may re-main eenaly ncagedwhist he quee moves o inanote decon havg vr-ay seed te oppotty o

make two moves instead o oneI te advere ng is safeytucked away in a coe so hatshe cano esy chck shemay be elativey efectve andhe oly caces of even maga gh may lie i sacfcing woor mo paw so as o break uphe defences round and expe o e atentos

If every ote ma excep hegs s been excanged of a

queen ao noaly agast a k and a bishop o aook ad a igt o even wobishops; whis agaist a sgeook o aga two gh semay have qute a dcult taske addo of a sgle paw on d o d o type becase adds a totaynew aim (is promoio) to go foad compicatio o the s-ues dimnises to a maked ex-

et e probablity hat he gamewil b dawnTwo oos combg wel to-

geh in an edgame ae ualya lile too good o a queen

A we have said about edawbac o he qe's powe o be tak wt a gra osalt Throughou al eveaies

as a emendosly pow-el pece wch sould be cae-y guaded agais incidenadags but at the Same imeemployed to e lt possibeexet He eect on he game sso grea t he whoe naure ofe combat alters when tequees e exchaged o e

mddegame is said to end adhe edgame to begin

I e oher pieces ae ex-changed o befoe the qushe characte of the game chagesmuch e abply as hey go etasition o he endgame' gmore gadua and hazy but it cabe sad to come abou wh thelst piece but one accompanyingeier que dppears


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44 E Gu o Chss

he King In he Endgame

Menion of he traito om

middlegme o endgame brng o coderaion of he gfor preciely whe the endgame gi hat he cea to bea hepspager ad becoma ue member of he comuity the begig he a labilty Dager o i dangero the whole cae o ha t ifoly o parade him i he opewhen even hoile piec prowig about he boad eagerfor blood Rk ou i heop and he may maed i twoor hree caatrophc move Imy eve py you oppoen oacrce a queen or more o daw

your ng ito he ope A ae he be tucked away nafety by 'catlng e aferway ie tm out of te i wihhe earer rook Ti i the manfor hree reao:

(a) Catig thi ide can normaly come eaier ice hereare oy two iteenng pece o

cleaed away d of b) After calng he ngproec al he paw n on of wherea caig wih heoher rook the paw on he edgeof he board i left unpotectedand mgh allow a ery to hole pece; ad

c) caig wth te frh

rook he mov ov to he ameide of he boad a he hotieueen

T back o pag 24-25(iagram 2427) where poitio before and afer catlng aregve ad ver hee tae

mentA oo a the edgame i

reached the ng emerg omretremen and g to pay apove pa i the tgle i he real defo of the endgame he pa of the game iwch the g ca play a effecve par It i one of he halmk of a good payer o be abeto recoge amo iciveywhe the edgme a ereached may gam therecome a tage at which the olycoect pa o brng e gou d advace n tecetre a poibe whe o over

look fac for a much a onemove ad at hi advace oegle move t ae may jeoparde you chac

You he g may be apodder movig oe tep at atme from gining o ed wo-ue jmp whe catig ioly a cuy for afey) but he

h t He can movealong any of the eigh differedecion of he imple compng he oy pece de theueen which ca do o himean tha by chooig he approprae mehod of approach heca go rght up to a rook or abhop or a g or a paw and

capre if alowed even themghty ook i vnerable aog adiagoal He ca move back


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Vus o/th Mn 45

wads, and tack about whichmas e suior of apawn. He ca wader al ound

the od and make a eal nuisance of himself It only equsthat there should ot be enoughhotile pieces et to crate reage o mae o

On a srcty statistcal cout ofte numer o sques 'under eye such as we employed incompaing ooks wih bisho

ad ight he comes out assonger than a ght for a esthe conos eight squaes, hesame as a ight and a wos heever coos ewer a heeT is an exaggeraton of his reasegth eve in an edgamebecause o his sestivity o at

tacSo a I have giv you a otof facts bu very ite advice Ifyou only rd betwen the es,howeve you w nd chaper fu o advce There is aleon in amost evy rema

For sce I menoned th ook is woth roughy a shop

and-a-ha other words f youpeceve a chance o capturingoe of you oppoens roo foroe o you bishops, seze it! Ishowed tha two bishops eworth rather moe han wice asmuch as one hop In otherwods, you mst try to presveyou two ho o i oe has toe exchang of hat youexchange it off for one o youopponets bishops or obainome compesaton othwise. I

showed that a pawn gas value s it advances towadspromoto - hece if you

tha one o you pawns has agood chance of getting rghthough to the queg squaepush fowad s had as youc I sowe a smore seu a shop ablocked positon Conequy,f you fe ha the posion s becoming bocked ty to keep you

ight o the oard re you shs and by e sametoken yor opponen has otad he advanage of the twobishops do a you ca to keephe posio lockd so that themoily litle scope. I, theclosg stages, you opponents

oy aining piece s a bishopnd yos s a ight o exchage o al the paws excepthose in one pat of the boad Iyou ae matealy r andighg agast the pobaity odeea, y to exchage off te lastfew pwn leaving pieces ony.Whenevr a exchange of pieces

occ, ask yosef i time ong my g out yet? And soon and so on.

Proecon

I have moe ta once ghlyouched o he pincple ofpotection of one man by another Gurding i just te samehig so s 'defeding teaow sen of he word o


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46 Gui to Ch

atack' a man means t smphreaten ake t ee ae sma m n the bard (he ccup haf the squaes t sawih) tha i is s r t avida attacks frm htie pes mving r aacked me awaMre - t wuld be a she mpssi

he sse and unvesacuse s aage u me stha an iabe be caped ae

insued agas dsase thefact ha he hsie ma caping cud imediael e tseecapted ha is sa upr' them Fr insance theext dagram shws a rk aigh and a p each preced b a pawn

Io. '

Digrm 59

An hse piece capugs cud be immediatel ecapte b the pawn I wud tpa ppnen t capteur ght wih an piece greater value han a ight becase recapng u wud

ge the bee f he baga Ifur piece is captured e fequa value sil n harm ma bede a back gh ad a wheigh dsapa gether fmthe ad ad he ttu quo spacica changed Yurpawn will have bee mved frward a rank diagal hat is a

An ma exct the ng mabe pec this wa thecnt-rea capre ad an

man whaev ca suppl thepreci ne ad he Samegame u ma see ngs prtecting pas rks pecingrks quees prtecing ghsghs pecg pawns ishpsprectg r c ec It israe ha a quee s prteced infac n whe she is atacked

he em quee fr a herhstile pe wuld glad akeher and sfer recape Whenatacked she mus usa fleePawns n he h had have te cninusl ped r kepwhere the danger f he eingatacked is smal Mrever t sael gd alcate a piece

he menia task deendg apaw s ha u shud nrmal pan he psining f uwhe d paws nescheme as man h muual prected r safe m atack pssbe

e nrmal ine f pawns ptecing each h s cusediagna An exeme case s haf he lack pas Diaam48, where ever back pawn p-


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Vus o/th Mn 47

ects the one in fron of nd tony one u o the s t wh pe coud conmp

cptring n no circusnces is th hndmos of YOu ng cnno be cpted

l under the res so i spone prepre o recpte pece th cpues He scsomry proeced n differen wy by screenng hm from

hos con by wo or three

pwns nd pec As w sw nDms 9-41 we ms no lehe men who r hs sheerng nerfere unduy wih wnmobly or he resu my bedissos

A piec onc cked nd onceprod my e cked by

sond eny piec I ms thb either mved r provded wtn ddion proecr othrwser rpte of cptuer bythe defndng pece here wlcome cpe by the secondcker nd w mn wil hven los n exchnge or oneAnh nd nothr cker nd

nher nd nther dfendermy brough o br n nsqure nder dspue nd yqu msscre k plce herene pyr cpu on hsqure th he oth rpthe cps wth ye noherpece his opn cp wih

scond of hs pis nd so onI! s simpl when cclngwhether or no certn squre ssfe or occpon no o try omgn l hese cps kng

pce bu o cun how mnyiendly men nd how nyhosie men ber on h squre

f there re hree m cng gh b only w deending i coud be cpued n h cerny h wh he cpues ndecpus re l ve some mnohe rgn cpuers sde wi

remn in possesson nd theowner of he gh wl hve os mn n he ssh Digrm

6 shows such cse - preycomplced one where he wiegh is fo mes defended bve mes ttcked f i isWhies move he mseitr give i ddionl proectin or move i wy If isBlcks , by cpurng he

cn ss of wnnng pece

Dgm 0

Wh rkoning o n opossible cpus lke we

mus never om o k no ccon the qui of the vros

m invoved he gh or the


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4 Gu o Ce

ishop n Dgm 59 mgh tcke hee enem pies ime u if hese ee enem

pieces e he qn n the twoooks t wou not p Blck tomke the cpe owg o hegee vle Coseqenthee wol e no n o povethe gh wth e potection

he gres are olyodaos

The lte te we gve on pge4 povies he fontos on clclton on these esWhenev conplg posle echnge o pecs othethn n elemen ghtoght o qeenoqueen o

c mentll efe ck to hs

le Sppose Bk h twoooks eing on o he gh Digm 59. B cping with

one ook hen cp withhe othe he pwn which ecpt the st ook Blck wouotin ght n pwn exchnge o ook Is i wothit? No ecse ook is woth

moe hn ight n pwso th Blck wol ose thetnscton

ote ht I on s fotios! t m que oten pou to give p ook o ightn pw o stnce theook plce n oth theight n the pwn wel-plce)v ovrlook pool conron o he te on pge4 wll hmp o mch s

help


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4 rst Chess Games

och ad Move

It we o culivae, i the vbegnig of yo che cae, aclea-ct ye o play. Do no getito he hat of hoverig overhe pie wih yo had whcoideig what move o makeor til woe pcg p a pieceplacng o a quae ad hoong roud al dron toee afe there eore ettingt go. a mehod ha a gof tity in your t ew gameor il you ecome familiawh the mov o he vaoume, yo wi oten iadvtelypt you where they ca be caped, o that your t cae mt

be o avod mitake ike th; nac, you have o bd up a erve of itnctive cao. Byou houd ran yorf to'magie your man movd ontothe e y ed. Me your mid wheher it i ae thereor no ad whether ha i thebet move yo can make or not,

beoe yo touch t a all allch he mot caua d theouch ad move e iitedo: f yo toch oe of yo ow

men yo m move i youtoch oe o your oppoemen yo m ake it f legay

pble yo ouch more hanoe of you ow m your opponen ca dide whch one yomt move. Aove all, i you dyo have dered, ate maga move, it i mo poig toake back hat move ad makeaothe ntead To aow yoef the xy of geg thepi agey whe payigome ntmate d i o ow thed o may an unexped lo thncatie whe, aer oyou met a ag i a eriogame You may deeop a rooedhbit which condemn you owek of aoyance and maye

npeanst ometm hppe hat youcome up aga omebody whodo ot tick to 'ouch admove repatdy achbk ee j y e o take advaage of ome nder What e yo o do? Here my tdied advce. the game

a cua one ay nohng cotiue to adhere rgidy to here yoel Yo oppoe oy hadcappng hme y


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Gui Chss

elf-indulgence and before veyong you wll d the ictertang you ae gvg yoebeging o pay t dvdend inhe fo of wo game. If, on heothe had t i a matc or tounament game or any contet of aero naue you hod puckup yor courage ad ini gtlybu quie nly o obervace ohe rle A al, if you oppoent were o move a bihop ike a

ght you would eel pefeclyjutfed n poeting ey ayNapoleon a kee che-payeued o eot o hi ily ckwen geng e wot of t!)Wy hen fee difide appying nothe ule whch amongthe law o che i gven jt aimporan a place a a egulat

ing he move o the vaoupec? I you ae gong to paycs then pay accordng to tere al o whch ae equalybndg.

do no mean at youmu i hroughou wth yourha yor pocke in motaleo e you accidenaly

a pece or pawn w your mgeror cuf. Not even h mtdeadlykn chmaer woudy o penalie you for a meremap. Aga a caelely-execued move o a jar o he ablemigh leave a ma placed on teedge of a quae intead of emddle.

it to rema thee fo

he ret of he game diubnghe calculaion o both contetan becaue eac fear o adju

le he caled upon o moveor take Obviouly thi wodbe aburd Under uc circumtace a the mumredpaword ub (pononced'jadoob and meang 'I adju)give you e ght to co hepoiton o a may men a youpeae Say clearly ad youcan make any adjument.

Tough you wll win and oemany gam in your eay chs

expeence hough you o youoppoent leaving odd men o becapr o oting you houldnever aume at che coio ltle more tha a 'picng upo conideed rle EdgaAa Poe made thi mtake ing che le ubte hadaug Ve oon you hod

a to evolve pan and e fme one of te owever cdeuccee you will a a impof e rapuo attacto a egame ore o you.

The meCotrol

Oce upon a me any payercould ake a ong a he idove any move Wver go ewo o e ealer age of agame mig by delberatelypndg ordnae amont otme ov every ubequentmove recover lot grond byubjectng hi opponent to eeboredom and weane It awonder ad a everaing rbueto iic cham hat ce


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53/160

52 E Gue o he

Raely ae more 24 movesto te hour called for. O teoher hand, oament andmatch games e sualy payedto a slowe schede say 18 or 20moves o he ou; or even otymoves o two-anda-alf os,whc i in some ways a improvemen since i minimise theinererence of me wih thegame - you can forget abou youcock o or ous or moe by

when e game may overYou can, o coe, space outyo mealowance as yoplese. e onng moves ofamlia opegs ae usalyplayed quickly by bot sides soha hey c ulie e tmegained for a good ong when e positon becomes n

volved I here s no me controluni he end o e second our, aplaye may take ee-qute oan hou, or eve an or over asgle move wod avesow e seeds o boredom in heold days but can eve anoyanybody ow If you ave o wat-quater o an ou fo a

move, you ow at yo winever ave to wat so long again ha game, aso ha your opponen saddled ime wh heask o makng mny more movesin a vey sot tme

Yo Ca Ge U

There not e least need or yoto remain you sea o tis

peod ac is no a procede to be recomended stangedly at te same objec orhree or fou ous is enough tohypnoise anybody ino supidity.Leading masers wak away aeramost evey move; eiqee onlydemands tha you sould om ad re to you seatqely so as ot o disb youroppone Te average oame or mac room i troged

by players wandeng om boado board havig a glce a eposions eaced oer gamewhst eir opponen is busy onte ow I he ain on e wayback om a mac yo may discover at practcaly everymembe o e eam owssomethg abo wa as hap

peed on te oher boards Wistwaking abou the room yo canexchnge mny a es go andhave a ske p a new acquaance; ces i no antsocial Natual y you keep a eyeo your game toghou heewandergs and i is a ndestd conveion tat wen you

oppoent move, you may breako ay covesaio a a moments noice wio ofence toe to yor gam

You mg ask 'How am I toow wen I ave mde 20moves? 1is qeson is answed in ou chapte on notato you supposed to keep

a score of e game as you goalong. ave explained e mod system o ime cono a tis


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it Ch am 53

tage to coec he popula mconcepion unfouately qutewidpread, that chs-payerequety go of o eep or growberd whi her oppone ecoderig a nge move. Thetato i vay othewe. Imny game yo wl ong fomoe me you ae alowedto uave a te pepexigcompexie; yo may batngagant hoage of tme from he

rt move to the at. Th maye neve wackng and certailymake te game exctng. A Ionce menioned a roadcat Ihave dangled om a monancrag wth a 50eet dop eowme nd ound a prey teeexperiece bu no ener tnmany a gueig game of ce

whee every decon had o emade agai me.

Che cock are not eentamo of iedy gme epayed wtou tem. Sold youever md yoe becomngbored by opponent' lownowever yo wi d comfo he owedge that n eo

c hey am unvea.

Seed Chess.

Te cock ha made che a gameor he yong. The tmealowance ae geerou eougno to dcont patece nd tenaciy ut ucety riget orewad enerpre.

The peedgup o che h

not opped a ti rotne clockcono u a ped o to vio fo of quck ce. Onefo o ti lghng che'n wich oly a few ecod areallowed r move, wh itatdiqalifcato or any payer ato o eond too te wtany move A uzzer ound orone ecod at regar ntevave or te ecod apart ddurg the econd t oundg

he player whoe t omove m pick up h piecemove t to te coe quare admove h fnger om t He hahe evenng ve o en econd o coider ad decde o move. Nauay ighngche ha notg lke te andng of the onal game but one or

wo eio hed dugome che congr n wichquie amou payer may parcipae w guto Te gthered o payer nd pecao alike a t eo aneyeopener o nonchplayerNatally the play far from corec, good playe n her hte

mag eemetary bnderwhich aou ucoolae gtof laUgter.

No che cub houd omtlging ch om it nnaprogae, or t a moly uccefu dverion. If not pactcabe o obtan ormake one of te pecial uzzngcloc equred one elfacfcng memer can equphmelf wh a cheap electc


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54 Gu o Chss

buzzer nd watch with a secndshnd nd provde the noses-off.Or he cn even bng a t canAher member shuld act asumpre dsqualng wthtmercy all players wh vesteptheir timealwce

Thee is anther, even meppulr type f quick chss:'five-minte chss n whch eachplayer s alltted just five mnutesn his clck.

The mves re n cnted.The game may be wn r sti te rdinay way f play befre either player exceeds tme; but f nt the f whselag falls hs lst

The drawback t veminutechess s hat if bt playssht f tme a wid scambe

may develp With each in ttyg t make a mve nd presshis clck b in a actin f asecnd I have mre thn nceSeen the clck cked ff hetable r terws damaged.

The grat advntage f fivemnte chess is that time c ften saved ver smpe psi

tins (fr istance the frst fewmves f the game can be payedin a flash) which cn then be devted t mre cmple situatinswhch met deeper attentin tprduces a game f higher qatythan 'buzzer chss

Natuly te ccks can be sett ten r any her number fmnutes f prefered but fve smre ppar. A snger payermay handicapped by beng

allwed y say fur minutes this opponents ve.

Bt fDS f lighng chesshave advnced csideraby inppulrity n ecent yers. Oncethey were ust w natnal champinshi are fghtut.

In ew Yrk ighng chis wn as 'rapid anst Bens Ais as 'pingpng

wadays pd che events

in which players pay five r sixgames n a sngle day with atmelmt f 30 r 40 mnutesech fr the whe game re extremely ppulr at wkends upand dwn the cuny.

Unished Gmes

If a game has t be brken ff frresmptin later he lst paicipnt befre te adent dsnt discls mve t ppnent r even make it n ebad bt tes it n a pece fpaper seals t p in an envelpeand hands it t n indendent

pesn fr safe kpg. s iscalled sealg a mve In theMiddle Ages travelg chessplaye ud t accmpny farsand engage in matches aganstcal cac uninished gameswee aded and mv sealedn the psence f lawyes specficaly sned t attest epsits and take chage f thesealed mves

Nwadays when clc ae


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r Cess Gmes 55

usd a no of h t a ccopans h ov h sssurs a sp wa that no

pr s th canc o sesssanc o o ov h pcsbout pva t a sawhs dcdn hs xt ov

I wd oas th ospopur o of concud a ha hs on bond h

t-coo s h quica s, n whc ac pr aocad a 15 or 20 utso cop


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5 Em f Cmba

he ok

Ery i y creer chepyer y my le gme withnyg eency rugh wig frk See the dimmed pti ee theght c cpte the pwgivig check t he kng whchh t mve d hen cprng

the rk Nly hi i upped t repreet y prt fthe whe pi there enghe piece nd pw nhwn

gm 61

A mve ie cn wn hegme nce We g pwn

d rk fr thng Even fBc mnge t cptue theght lter (d t i re ht

e lte metme f it lite diicult t mke wy utf he cer gi) he ihewth nly ght r k d pw which i vey bd rgi

i ptin very eyreched m he pitin he

me t the cmeceme f hegme Se hem p n Digm23 d erve th er twmve by ech plye he lwig pi pible

gm 6

I diffc ee hWite w mve were mde


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59/160

Gu o Ce

Although eiher e bsop orthe qeen cold the capte hm,s felow-paw, wo is coectlypaced to proect cold therecapte so tha a worst Whtewll ga a bishop in re forwo paws.

A bishop can also 'fork Forisance, ere a bishop is orgwo roo (Dagram 66)

gm 66

Diagram 6 sows anoterkind o bsop ork:

gm 67

The rook in the nex dagram isforg a ght and a bsopOwing to he hig vale o therook, is ork has ot qie esame eror many cases ecoverse eect o the ghtwose ork is deadly becase othe gs low vaue) Whitewold be il-advised to cape abshop or g wi a rook hisoppone cold recapue. So thathere for nsace eher e

bsop or the ght were aeadyprotected, Black wold ony needo aend to the hreat to the oherWhereas n Daam 6 woldot mater a jo f e qee or herook were protected, or thegh wod gladly gve ie p exchange for eiher

gm 68

The qees ork is oublesome, spite o her eat vauebase i can be set p easiy a resu of er mobliy. Tequee can fork aog a rank le as n e case o the rookfork; alog two diagonas as


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Eeme o Como 9

e c of the bishop (a qeennstead of he shop Dagrams66 and 6, or nsead o e k

Daam 6, wod atack tetwo forked pieces jst e me)or aong a ank o fle and a dagona Dagram 69 lsa thet of ese Diagam 0 thesecond and Dagrams 1 and 72he ird. e ird knd s themost deadl and e one fowich ou must most caeful

wac s e knd at neerthe bisop no the rook can se gm 70p for makes se o oth theirpowers Don' orget hat heqeen ma ork like a ook nDaam 6; o ke a shopDaam 0.

gm 69

he ea o aac like thsom a qn is so great t oshod take cae to ensure tha man of our men possle

(and he mportant on o cetan) are poeced wheneer ouropponens qeen has reedom

gm 7

gm


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60 Gu o Css

In one of Dagas 6 o 72as a aaked a bn theg Sbstue he kg fo anyof the ataked pees ad efok gans powe fo thee now o qon wh of heattaked pees o ove ow t s advsable o potetThe kng st be seen o heohe ataked a beng ef ne uh. Ts s oe of e ayeasons wy e ng sold o

be bog ot no he dde ofe boad at an ealy sage hegae he gh sbjeed osoe ek fo whh e oudeasy esape on hs ow aobut tough he heg peesutaeously atakg anoea tat an ay ost

Whls e effe of a fok geae e oe valable he eataked ad he less vauable hean 'fokng ay so of fokwhateve a fuene and evedede e esl of a gae Thefok of wo npoeed paws bya queen by eadg o he oss ofone of e ght dede a gae

betwee asesTe kng as the os sensveof all the en ad he oe whodae no oe o nto he on soe of e ohe peeshave e eanged of saely abe to fok wo tepees b whe he s the veyay ad needness of the

apnng ay pode a edous effe. Fo sane awod aposp gae wasone won n hs way te pos-

o Daa 7 geaed.

gm 3

He te whte kg fonghe bak ook and g one ofw ust sh

A the oe pee ea of

sa o the endgae thekng ofe gets an oppounty ofok wo p o a pawn ad ape as shown the ne wodagas

gm 4


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lemens jmn 6

gm 7

Playig against weak or inexenced opponents, you wloften have a oppony o sagea decsve ok Agas asonger opponen you ave o'manace yo own opportniti - yo wil aely e presented wi em. Here is a ypical example of maufactngyou own oppony:

gm 6

Eac side as eacy e samenumr and qualiy of piees and

paws Whie h a spectacamove a dspol He capute g wt qeen givng

check o he back king and asotheaening e black queen Tisis a fork of he ack kng andqueen by he white queen On e k lk s mdness or the whie qeen unpoteced and can captured ye lack; this naualy a recty good wy fo Back o ge

out of check (y 'capue oe checkng piece) and, face So Back takes he wequeen Now comes he eal 'fokwch e manufacued fomsel Can you it? Set otte piec s Dagam 76 on aboad ad pay Ut queen takgh ceck for he and then'qeen tak queen fo Black inry Do youtha now hte manoevred e ack queento suc a posiion a he ca'fok Blacks king and qunwith ight? Te esulingposiion is as Dagam 77

gm


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2 Gu o Ch

Boh he black king and heback qu e atacked; he kngmst move ou of check and henhe qeen is captued White gaveup hs qeen or one tle ghto sat with b has now regaed i or nog so tha bythe whoe ransacio he hasgaed a gh is intertgto noe hat Dagra 77 if thewhie ght wee o o capthe quee e qun cold mae

Whie nex move by playngdown o the st ak he matngposo beng of he same ypeha show Dagam 2 Howexacty the whoe thg had o becalcuaed! To win a pece Whiesked e loss of hs qe adbeing mated - o pehaps hat isputg oo songy for

woud ot have daed o sacricehis quee had he no caclateda he mst recover he extmove.

gm 78

Hee is aoher poson whichoffes a ypcal chace of wnng

by means o a ork ceverlybrough abou (Dag 78)Back appea o have the teo for he a extra pawnB Whe pays 'ook akespawn I Back recapres wihhe paw whch was protectghe one captud he resutingposition is as shown in Da78 Now Whte aks the ecaprng paw wih hs bshop athe same me fokg boh

back ooks one o whch hepcks up for nohng next moveWhe gves up a rook but obtnsn re wo paws ad a ook tha he wo paws p as aresut o the srmish and hased a appey los gento a probabe win Black woud fac do t no o recape

o his firs move a a

gm

Al al he fork is by fathe mos powel hemaicweapon in che


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emen oCominaion 63

The 'Skewe

That great chess teacher, EdgPel, vened a pefectkitchen aalogy to he 'forkwhen e appled e teskewe o e sor o ng thaca om he nex diagram.Here e wte rook can caphe paw, gvg check o hekg which mst move ad let he

rook houg o capture he queenyond Jst as a ok is some-thng wth moe ta oe pongwhc c sck no wo lumps omeat o yo plate a e sametme, e skewer is somethigthat psh ght thogh a mpof mea and o te othe side

Daam 80

Skewes ae encotered morerey tha forks, s ey equrea bigger ee aea o he bord ortheir operaion and cano be seup by gs, paws or kigsMoreove, or a skewer o be eective, he mddle ma has o

o a value greaer a he skeweg ma, which is seldom the as e ceast ma wich

ca up a skewer i e bishopHee i a o of bishop skewerwch is casoally encotered:

Daam 81

is te se movng the atacked rk, becase te is aother behid

The next css o mauvrewe sa exame i of paramompoance I a veredskewer, whic the ieediae

man ot wo s muc as eone behd

The 'Pi

When a man i deered ommovg by the ac tha, dongso he woud o p a lie or aeemy piece o capre a vaablema o ow sde, he i said tobe pnned o to be sffengom a p exampe or two


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64 E u Ch

w make cearer than ayamon of explanaon. Here, forance, an eample of theeare pn whch occur n aactua game Each de ha madeoe pawn move ad one pecemove, ad now e ght wchBack ha moved ou om orgna quare 'pned by awhte bhop agan Blackqeen If e g we to movenow woud ope e way for

the whe op to capure thelack quee, wc woud e darou for Black

gm 8

Conequenty te gh under reran n fac n nnetynne cae out of a huded mmobed; he oe ecepoalcae where w e free o move when ha e opportuy odo ome rla pece of workwch jue gvng up thequee Now ook a aother poton wch ca lkewe are afer wo move on each de:

gm 83

Here t a whte gh wch pned by a black bhop andow te we kng whchl e pted f the gmove But te kng cano becaptred! Qute e th a

omewhat naer ype of pn ate r for werea Dagrm82 the gh cold move theeceptonal were adrlan work to do gh preveed y te rl of hegme om movng any crcmance whatever Yo areno alowed o put yor ow kng

nto check at wha Whewoud be dong f he were omove the ght

Tere no 'faal danger n thewo pn we have luated eycan be eay neutraed, for ance by aackng te bhop bypawn o a o dve t off thetreatg dagonal or (beter aa ue) by movng a mnor peceuch a a op n bewe theped pe and the g or


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lmnt oComnaton 65

quen aganst whch it s pnned. ng by a wie isopTe dager s patly psychoogca You ecome so accsomd

to egardng a pice as beng aeto move suc-adsuch a wayta yo are lae o overlook tefact ta, wen ped, cannotmv u yu (pyngWte) may i ta yoisop n Dagm 4, s poeced y yor gh Yo oppoent akes he isop wt is

que and yo eaise o yooo tat you canno ecpe -yor g s as useess as a Diaam 8ump o wood i annot move

Daram 84

It annot mov! Ta s tesecond weaess of te pnedpece 'He wo ighs ad away may ve o fg anoteday ut a pned piece cano away and oe succms, as

a consequece to some atackwich woud otewise e qieharmlss ere is a poson(Daam 5 in whc te ackgt s pned agas te ack

The gh cao moveWhte ca advace hs paw atacg te g, ad tatwetched pece whc coud

nomay evade a pawns aackw ese sccms wtho aigh

Diaram 86

Dagram 6 shows aote exampe o a p Back dare nomove te pawn away om teatack o e woud lose hs queen


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66 E Gue o Ce

All ese hae een pns ysops a ype of pin wch smos dangeous ecase o heishops smal alue whch ofe

maes i proale to exchangehm or the ma e pns eoos p ca e roesomeoo one o te most commoypes eing show in Diagam were Whe as qclymoed ou the gh ad sopnea hs g and casledwhereas Blac hs eglected omoe hs ing o safety ut msaey grad a paw i themiddle of he oad

Daram 87

Yo may d i interestg toy o wo o the sx moes oeac side y whc this posiowas reaced.

We can now win a pece in acople of moes. He moes sfree oo one square o the lepinning the lac g agaist

te ac g ad heaeing ocapue t. Whicheer way Bacchooses o poec White ca

futer atac t w oe of hspaws next moe and captue with ha pawn the moe afterBlac cold protect wi hs

qeen y moing ta piece inont of his ing his would noeee the pin since he ghf it now moes wod exposete quee

The nex dagram shows piny a qee along ot he lines oorce a oe

Daram 88

Te white queen is pning teroo again the ing te ghtagaint her oite umr

You must aai yorsef o pnad gh agas tem Seize aychance yo ca of seng up aproae pn; if younot wina enemy pece yo can hsender it emporarly selsswch is he nex es hg

If one of yor own men ispned i s ot always adsale

to tae hrried seps to eiee tepi tere may e oher more porant things o e done st


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lement oCominaton 67

Where there is dager tat yorpinned pece may soon fheraacked, e.g by a paw, mme-

dae atenon s requed ofcor. Dagram teaches sone ncdeal spect of a pnwhch mus neve overlookedSuppose you are Whie andBlack has js played s shopo t pn post pnng yoigh By ths, e atacks yorhop more tan you gt fo

e deprves i of te poeconte igh ws offeg by rendeng te gh uess If youoverlook te fact tat i is realythe bisop whch is aacked, youmay come o gief You may foexampe, seek o releve te pnby dvg the black bisop away

by advancng you exeme eft-and pawn one squae with theteat o captre i Ts woudlose a pece, ecase Back woudcape yo gh wit bisop 'check! desoying theproecon o yor own shopYou would have o recaptue teshop with your pawn and Black

would th captue you now -proeced bisop with hs queen,ganng a piece in e snsh

te case of a fok, wenup againt a good payer you wlv t yr woppotui fo ps A ypicalcanc in the posion of

Dagam 9, whc ter resembls Dagam 7 HereBlacks g safe, begonce atacked nd once proecedWhte captu i owev and

Black then realses tat f ecapures, s quen ca pnedagans is kng y te we

rooks movng one sque o ele; afe wic the mos Blackcould ever oain, n exchagefor s qun would a rook.Noe tat Wes rook must besuppored wen i gs to p tequn, otewise t coud becaptued by te very pece t spg and aackng

Diaram 89

Daam 90


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68 u to Ch

a bishop next move - one of thenastes ps magale.

Dagram 9, s ook spned agast que. each

of te hree te s aoto w some peasa prze ad apot s, that h houl hav bnlln n ah a to aranythn l n th pvouplay to bn th tuaton aboutFo sance, Dagram 90whee e s abot o a roofo og, he wod have ee

Dam 91 perfecy jed sacrfcng agh o a bshop ad a pawn tooan ts son; Dagam e s oly gog o w aght the weakes pece tee s,bu eve fo ths ppose t mghave pad o gve up oe ofhs ow ghts, f geneal

poton wee mpoved by thewhole smshWe meoned that a pece

ped agas a ee ca, excepoay' move whee ca dobran wok whc fes

Daam 92 gvng away he qun.

To hep famase yo wth

ps whehe maufaced ous le avaale hrog weakmoves y yo opponet dagams 90-92 sow h moep y bshops, each of whchpove dsasros fo oe playe

Dagam 92 Black dae notmove hs g becase s oowod then caped I Da

gam 91 Bacs qee s pedagast hs ng ad Whte shreaenng to capre fo only Daam 93


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mn o Cmn 9

Diagam 93 depcts a siuaonwhch s an excelen example ofs type.

Ths positon ca aerfour moves on each sde ( s aneesig icidental eecse towok out what ey mgh haven)

hit kniht an tak thpawn

Now, Back's bisop gabs

Wes qee Whes bishopcan capte the paw whch s Blacks kng gvng check

Daam 94

Thee is oly oe lega eplyfor Black: hs g ms comeoe suae down he boad -wherepo Wes oe gmoves i ad a the alposo eg as o ext agram

Afte Whes move iDagam 93 Black s no compeled to ake e qn bt anyateave move eaves hm aleas one pawn down

The HPn

The alf-pn only occ aely ipay bu is common i chesspobems Once yo ndesandthe n the half-n explains t ere are now to men betwee the vauable piece and hosile pie o ts ne; for nstance Daga 03, the ook

is alfpnnig Blacks ightad bshop agas kng epon beg tha f eh sholdmove o tha le, he oherwould be pinned

Diaam 95

Oebdened Me

each o e nex ee agmsWie o move can wn a pecebecau one of ack me sovebuded .In Diagam 96 Whe capeshe bishop with hs gh; f heback pawn recapues he can


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70 Gu to Cess

capte e ook with his kg fornotng.

Daam 96

Diaam 97

Diagam 97 e capes eig wih he queen; if heblack rook then recapes eqn, Whie can move rookog to e opmos rankchecang Black in a waysmilr o Diagram 3.

Dagam 98 We wouddealy ike o move s bishopone sqae to the Nor-wesBlack's qn wold hen be

pinned agans he ng, and lmaey lost i exchange for ebshop lke the qeen in Diagam9 - only Black's g weeno so placed as o be ready ocapure e bshop wen moveshat one sqae Noth-w

te ctues te ook IBack now recaptues with eigh, he pes White o se ptha aal pin ae all, since eigh has been decoyed away

and no longer covers e cricalsqe

Daam 98

eac o the three diagrams, a

back man had more duies than cold cope wih n Dagram the pawn cold no protect bohthe bishop and e rook Diagam 97 the back rook ad ogd he igh and aso peventWhie from mating wth is rookon the back rank n Dagam 98e black igh had o protectthe rook and aso o peven twte bishop om pinig eque.


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lmnt /Comntion 7 1

I sol e oios enogfrom he exles, wh ismen y n oeue

iece or wnf one o Y oponen's enhs oo much o o ry o expo

his Conesely on' oeworny o Y own en ry o isrie he wor mong hem.

Oerwork sells rekown incess s o rel life!


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6 Pawns

A ea playe once stated thepaw ae the ol o cess spe o he wea hey ae

mpotnt we have aeadyseen hey can do nobe sevice ne potection o pece heivey weaess someimes aids. one o yo ihts ataced ya qun yo ca ioe e eaaloehe i potected sceyo oppoent wold illy ocapte he ih wen yo ae

eady o capte e queen n exchane A iht ataced by apawn howeve us movewhee potected o no o otewise be los in excane o tepawn a ad aain

Yo mi considein tisthin t peasa to case youoppoents pieces aou wh

you paws You cold chivvyhe om qae to quae oevey lie tst hey coud eue ony i hi pocede soo ecomes npoabeo he aace because pawnsca neve et o ay oay a pawn ca oy move owadneve bacwad. Hence i aaced te ac he eatesoce open o a piece iht.I o evade a atac t mt

move i can ony o owad andevey tep a t eae to theenemy e is pl tipyin

n a ceasin aio the vatajoty o ca a paw wheattaced ust say wee it isad see poecio i hat ca euppied by a elowpawn teham ay e done bu i a pi

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