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Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated...

Date post: 22-Dec-2015
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Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements
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Page 1: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Eat to compete:Dietary Supplements

Page 2: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

• Dietary supplements on the market are:– NOT regulated– Could contain illegal

substances– Could be costly– Could be harmful

Page 3: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Current laws on dietary supplements

• No requirement for efficacy (proof they do what they claim)

• No requirement for safety (proof they cause no harm)

Page 4: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

FDA initiatives

• Implement process to evaluate dietary supplements

• Set standards for consistency

• Provide guidance on what claims can be made

Page 5: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Advice for youth

• Consult with a healthcare professional, MD, pharmacist, or registered dietitian

Page 6: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Dietary supplements include

• Any product intended to supplement dietary intake

• Examples– Vitamins/Minerals– Herbs and Botanicals– Protein/Amino Acids

Page 7: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Herbs and Botanicals

• Dietary supplements that contain extracts or active ingredients from plants

• Some are harmful– Kava Kava is banned in Canada

Page 8: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

St. John’s Wort

• Suggested to help depression• Negative side effects • No tests on long-term safety

Page 9: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Ginkgo biloba

• Increases blood flow to brain• Large doses can cause

restlessness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Page 10: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Echinacea

• Believed to stimulate immune system

• Studies use echinacea concentrate - not the same as what is sold

Page 11: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Ginseng

• Clinical tests show mixed results for claims

Page 12: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Green tea

• May boost immune system, increase metabolism, act as antioxidant, lower cholesterol and triglycerides

Page 13: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Ephedra

• Central nervous system stimulant and decongestant

– Claims:• Increases body fat loss• Improves athletic performance by

increasing alertness and mental performance

Page 14: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Ephedra

• Negative side effects• irregular heart rate, elevated blood

pressure, dizziness, headache, heart attack, stroke, seizure, psychosis

• 155 deaths and over 16,000 side effects

• FDA banned in April, 2004

Page 15: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Risks of Herbal Supplements

• No standards exist• Little scientific evidence is

available• Can be potent

Page 16: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Resources

• Iowa Botanicals Research Center– http://

www.cdfin.iastate.edu/botanical/index.htm

• Iowa State University Extension– http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nutr

ition/supplements/

Page 17: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Creatine

• Natural substance produced by body

• Claims:– Improve muscle power during high

intensity and short duration exercise

Page 18: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Creatine problems

– Could cause muscle cramps, headaches, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal pain; stress on kidneys

– Long term effects are unknown– YOUTH: muscles develop more

quickly than bone… increases risk of fractures

Page 19: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Creatine Summary

• Pros– Has been proven to increase energy in

short duration, repetitive exercises (<60 sec)

• Cons• No benefit in aerobic ability or endurance• Weight gained is mostly water weight and not

muscle, which can hinder performance• Negative side effects are a possibility• Not approved by FDA and labels may be

incorrect

Page 20: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Protein/Amino Acids

• Essential macronutrient found in the body and in food

• Protein supplement food sources include

• Egg• Soy• Whey

Page 21: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Amino Acids Supplements

• Pre-digested protein• Claim

• Because they are pre-digested, they will be absorbed better.

• Fact• The body gets better use out of amino

acids if they are broken down from whole

foods.

Page 22: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Amino Acid SupplementsAmino 2000Amino Acid Supplemen

t

ChickenBreast

100% Whey Protein

Supplement

Protein/Serving

30 g /18 tablets

31 g / 3.5 ounces

23 g / 1 scoop

Price/31g of Protein

$4.03 $0.62 $0.93

Page 23: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Amino Acid SupplementsAmino Acid Profiles

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3.5 oz 1 1/3 scoops 18 tablets

Chicken Breast Whey ProteinSupplement

Amino AcidSupplement

Food or Supplement

Am

ino

Ac

ids

(g

ram

s)

Glutamine

Alanine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Valine

Page 24: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Protein• Claims for supplementation

• Supports muscle growth• Increases muscle strength and mass• Improves recovery

• Problems with supplementation• Dehydration • Stress on kidneys• Increased calcium excretion • Reduced intake of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and

phytochemicals

Page 25: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Adolescent growth

• Rapid growth and change increases need for iron and calcium

Page 26: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Iron

• Anemiacommon among adolescents --> inadequate diet

• Food sourceslean meat, fish, dried fruits, nuts,

wholegrain breads• Supplementation

may improve learning, memory, and performance of iron-deficient adolescents

Page 27: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Calcium

• Deficiencydecreased bone mineral density

-->inadequate diet

• Food sourcesdairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese)

• Supplementationbeneficial if unable to get from food sources

Page 28: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

If Using Supplements

• Choose supplements with:– USP on the label– Consumer Lab seal of approval– Reputable drug companies

Page 29: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

If Using Supplements

• Watch for inaccurate and inappropriate health claims1. Promises a quick fix2. Sounds too good to be true3. Lists of “good” and “bad” foods

Page 30: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

If Using Supplements

• Remember that they don’t have to…– prove safety prior to marketing/selling– prove efficacy prior to

marketing/selling– meet any manufacturing standards

Page 31: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

Conclusion

• Supplements are not needed with a balanced diet

• Supplements are not regulated on the market and can be unsafe

• Choose wisely and consult with a healthcare professional for more information

Page 32: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

• Funded by: Iowa Beef Industry Council, Midwest Dairy Association

• Prepared by: Ruth Litchfield, PhD, RD, LD– Contributions by Emily Lasley, Lindsey Metcalf,

Andrea Seminara and Karin Westberg

Page 33: Eat to compete: Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements on the market are: –NOT regulated –Could contain illegal substances –Could be costly –Could be.

. . . and justice for all

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.


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