Date post: | 27-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ira-wilkerson |
View: | 235 times |
Download: | 6 times |
Eating Disorders
3 main common eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge eating disorder
Most common in teens and young women
http://www.state.sc.us/dmh/anorexia/statistics.htm
Link to eating disorder signs http://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org/
IsThereaProblem/DoIorsomeoneIKnowHaveanEatingDisorder/tabid/993/Default.aspx
Anorexia Nervosa
“At first, no one addressed my weight loss, making me believe it wasn’t noticeable. I strove to lose more and practically lived on the scale. The scale served as a sanctuary, yet it could also be a tormentor. I felt proud of my motivation and accomplishment when I lost a pound and I punished myself if I didn’t. While I was aware that I had some kind of problem, I didn’t realize the severity and was not ready to seek help.”
Anorexia Nervosa
Typified by an intense fear of weight gain
Fear which leads to
self-starvation and extreme weight loss
Nervosa: illness that has a psychological origin
Characteristics
Tendency to withdraw from social events
Quiet, serious personality View losing weight as a problem
solver
The ability to control weight gives sense of power which they lack in other areas
Characteristics
Extreme concern with shape and weight
Unreasonable expectations
See self as fat (typically underweight)
Begins in adolescence or early 20’s
Characteristics
Usually high achievement oriented people Starts out with diet plan to lose few pounds
Feel pride when people acknowledge loss which leads to wanting to lose more weight
Unaware this is leading to a disorder
Denial is big obstacle in treatment
Behaviors
Often skip meals Eat little or move food on plate Eat in private Take laxatives or diet pills Exercise excessively Wear baggy clothes
Park's Alex DeVinny competes in the 1660 meter run Tuesday afternoon, May 27, 2003, during the WIAA Regional Track Meet at Case High School in Racine, Wis. DeVinny died in March, 2006, of complications from anorexia nervosa.
Physical Health
Normal growth/development slows down
Muscle tissue & body fat disappear Characterized by a 15% loss of weight
Blood pressure and pulse rate decline Body organs begin to shrivel Bone density decreases (osteoporosis) Abnormal heart rhythms and atrophy
of heart muscle Depression, suicide and even death
from starvation
Bumimia Nervosa
“I had a girlfriend who was bulimic. We never talked about it, but that’s truly how I was introduced to the idea. I tried this vomiting business…I thought I could make it whatever I wanted. When I ate something on my “bad” list, I could get rid of it. I had this irrational fear of starting to eat and not being able to stop and just becoming huge. I figured if I reached a certain weight, I would feel secure. Then, I would be able to stop. The strange thing was…the number on the scale was never low enough…”
Bulimia Nervosa
Involves 2 key behaviors: binging and purging
Bingeing: uncontrollable eating of huge amounts of food Followed by an inappropriate behavior to
prevent weight gain
Purging: clearing food from digestive system (vomit, laxatives, diuretics, enemas)
Excessive exercise or fasting
Cycle of Times
Repeat bingeing and purging at least twice a week (sometimes several times a day)
Very difficult to stop cycle once started Highly addictive
Characteristics
Self- criticism or low self- esteem Feel abnormal and out of control
Depression and shame Always thinking about food (like
anorexics) Consume 1000’s of calories at a time
with foods high in fats and carbohydrates Whole cake, donuts, carton of ice cream
Characteristics
Understand behavior is not normal Don’t want people to know of
behavior Binge and purge in secret Those with bulimia usually have a
normal body weight. Since the binging and purging is done in secret it is often hard to tell if someone has this disorder.
Physical Health
Damage to body is not reversible Vomiting causes glands to swell in throat Stomach acids burn the esophagus Destroy tooth enamel Broken blood vessels in the eyes Loss of minerals and water in body leading
to fluid and electrolyte imbalances Heart failure
Irregular heartbeat that can lead to cardiac arrest or death
Binge Eating Disorder
“I have always known that my eating patterns, or eating outbursts (as I call them) were not normal, but I thought that they occurred because I lacked willpower, self- control, and strength. However, after one particularly bad binge episode, I know I could not deny my problem anymore. I needed help!”
Binge Eating Disorder
More individuals battle with this eating disorder than any others
Repeatedly eating large amounts of food, even when not hungry
Overeat until uncomfortably FULL No follow up behavior to stop gain
Blech writes an open and honest account about her life as a morbidly
obese person, touching on taboo topics like eating binges
Characteristics
Feel guilty about overeating Exhibit an abnormally low self-
esteem Move from one diet to the next Causes weight regain quickly
Physical Health
Obesity Diabetes High blood pressure and cholesterol Suicidal thoughts and attempts Certain types of cancers Death
Probable Causes of Eating Disorders
Complex and intertwined
Single factor may not lead to problem
Several factors together lead to disorder
http://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org/Causes/WhyDoPeopleDevelopEatingDisorders/tabid/992/Default.aspx
Social Causes
Pressure from media Models and stars in
movies, magazines Must be thin to be
attractive & successful Measures self worth
by body weight
Family Patterns Over involvement Abandonment issues Mourning period Body conscious
household Ridiculed about weight
Genetic Causes
Currently studying possibility of genetic link among people with eating disorders
Chemicals in brain may prompt people to overeat sweets and high fat foods
Psycho developmental Causes Body changes Life transitions Sexuality issues Presence of other psychological
problems Depression Post traumatic stress Anxiety OCD
Eating Disorders in Men
Diagnosed with eating disorders in greater numbers each day
Most men don’t seek treatment Develop eating disorders later in life
than women Typically overweight before
Reverse anorexia
Risk Factors Specific to Men Being overweight as a child Being teased or abused as a child Being involved in sports that require
thinness Different professions such as
modeling or acting
Men are more likely to exercise to excess as a significant part of anorexia and bulimia. They have body image distortions, believing themselves to be fat when, in fact they are thin
Treatment for men is less available than for womenhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://briancuban.com/wp-content/
uploads/2008/05/eatingdisorders.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.briancuban.com/eat-puke-eat-puke-eat-puke-you-get-the-idea/&usg=__C6pT8yd56rwN7ek5l6_FcBH4Clc=&h=480&w=722&sz=79&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=h5AeQ9Gp0lubIM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deating%2Bdisorders%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1
Risks Among Athletes
Coaches focus on body weight during training
Wrestler to compete in weight class Gymnast helps with balance
Trying to achieve and maintain unrealistic weight goals lead to disorders
Female Athletes
93% of eating disorders among athletes involve women's sports
Female Athlete Triad Eating disorders Amenorrhea Osteoporosis
Female Problems
Trains hard and eats little to maintain weight goal Low intake and high output causes secretion of
reproductive hormones Leads to amenorrhea Hormonal imbalance->loss of bone mass and risks
of performance fractures (osteoporosis) Lack of nutrients and minerals slows healing
process Performance decreases leading to low self-esteem If the cycle of health problems continues the
young woman is at risk of death
What Help is Available
Need professional help No care causes long-term health
problems or even death Treatment programs differ Recovery rate is good if start early Must recognize it is a
problem
Treatment for Anorexia
Neither quick nor simple Several treatment programs
Only client is treated Family gets involved Admit to hospital or eating disorders
facility
Treatment for Anorexia
Attend to physical health problems 1st
Psychological help next Nutrition counseling Positive attitudes of food, weight, body Develop exercise programs Build control into life: stress
management Family support is key Improve self-esteem
Treatment for Bulimia
Similar to anorexia programs Some use outpatient treatment Antidepressants: alter nervous
system and relieve depression Drugs don’t cure mental issues
Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder
Emotional issue treatment How beliefs affect actions Take control of actions Teach weight management facts
Professional Help
Medical doctor Therapist Nutritionist Dentist Trainer
Client must feel comfortable with help Must want treatment to make it work
Helping a Friend
Increase your knowledge Don’t give up on friend Tell them you care and are
concerned Encourage your friend to seek help
Tell parents Show approval no matter what
weight for their well-being and health Encourage, support, and accepthttp://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org/
GettingHelp/HowtoApproachaLovedOne/tabid/994/Default.aspx