The
Early
Church
one volume,
CONVERSION
AND
(ii)
Florence
210
269
of the Adriatic
—
Execution 495
Chapter VIII.
The Hussites.
Increasing
Antagonism.—
The
Use
Constan-
The
fatherland,
magistrates
toleration and
ment,
Waldensian
Church, in spite
requisite for
the discharge
rep-
resented
it.
from
a
population
yet received any
share
of
the
plunder,
tions that
the troubles which followed
and this involved
so
difficulty
of
assembling
a
sufficient
number
1245,
felt
aiding the
manifest
of
apparently
hope-
exceptional
char-
acter,
zeal,
no
danger
too
Inquisition
was
the
most
its
supremacy.
France.
If
the
were quickly undeceived.
as numerous
of Toulouse.
Toulouse
subtleties
were
Southrons as absurd novelties,
14930,
physician was
the exterminating
war with
mitting.
In
1231
a
their
to
have
looked
capitole,
or
has interest
act in such
corded as
against heretics outside
developed. No per-
Toulouse,
and
the
that
he
had
lied,
and
that
de
a
trifle
vindictive,
if
any
cognizance
had
been
taken
proved
numerous
suspects,
all
have been
in public.
he warned the crowd that
they
wiser
his
orthodoxy.
uttered to destroy the Dominican convent and
to
stone
all
the
for
the
sacraments
Lavaur
brought
to
Toulouse
prison,
and
grew
so
illustrated
by
canonization
a
solemn
mass
that
led on
by Raymond
vec
te
'1
foe
aizinat
Que
art
sides,
hard
by
to
organized
a
confederation
for
mutual
support
for the Amis-
to those of Nimes
a confederation
recommenced
when
the
prior,
in
undertook
a
fresh
inquisition,
and
made
a
number
of
arrests.
In
December
a
rose
against
the
Dominicans,
down
upon
his
till
de-
scribes
him
as
be
complete.
His
military
on
both
sides
were
rising
the
aid
of
the
parish
the
aid
was
a
mob
forcibly
rescued
Pierre-GuiUem
T.
I.
No.
T. IV.
Delmont and
Guillem Pelisson
should determine whether the
it
should
Guillem Arnaud was in no way
abashed
by
for trial
a
him
with
violence
unless
the bridge over the
in their
E
to
answer
for
their
a
joyful
countenance :
you
Pelisson.
These
intrepidly
performed
meal, during
which the
of
Toulouse
for
publi-
T. I.
No. 688
Holy Land
Crusaders
had
undergone
to
purge
his
lands
risk another plunge. He
forbidding
him
to
call
July
24,
1237,
in
which
Bishop
Raymond
and
other
prelates
are
mentioned
yield.
ference
ended
kept.
conferred
on
the
of being
relates
that
a
*
Germ. Hist.).
ii.
p.
913.—
Vaissctte,
III.
408.—
the
Church
and
On
April
2,
without
heralding,
he
presented
himself
promised
to reveal all
that
and embraced prominent
and
full
ad-
vantage
names reappear in the
of Montsegur.
difficult to
exaggerate the
and knights, the
these
umphed over
planted
itself
firmly
in
which
had
fallen
to
the
crown,
for
in
this
from
sailing
for
Palestine
penitents.
sent to
confined, as
crusade
was
also
in-
flicted
from his
Potthast
No.
10357,
10361.—
was,
in
fact,
by
confiscated
lands
watch-
A great
of Albi, showed
August
22,
—
—
not
the
removal
not
foreseeing
that
of
Anjou-Provence,
portion of
Trenca-
vel's
insurrection
lands
the
faidits
and
enemies
of
the
gur,
Trencavel's insurrection, is interest-
the
heretic
cause
by
Holy
See,
misdeeds
the faith
and for
peace had
the
assistant,
cited
the
but
the
rest
so
worked
upon
the
resistance
1241.
done so.
to serve in
have
shown
by
were
really
good
suspended
sort
were
hereticated
him,
yet he
a message between
was subjected
penance
was
inflicted
on
a
rantly
transported
and
for
a
was
obliged
cloth was forced to
300,
301,
bind it-
self in
secure
to
the
Frenchmen.
Its
almost
inaccessible
peak
had
been
sedulously
strengthened
with
sieging
it
to Castelnau-
finding
a
traitor
to
•
on March
On
May
1,
just
four
that he had appealed
to
and
the
death-
penalty.
He
would
even
accept
thority
in
Catlia-
XXI.
765).—
Vaissette,
Catlia-
res,
I.
320.—
vain that
Dominicans
was
ac-
companied
were
pronounced
void,
and
deputation had
standing,
to
dominions
Apostolic
See
should
have
power
to
utter
desperate resolution by
the besieged. As
in the old
combats at Toulouse,
bliss. It
is significant
treasure
which
had
buoyed up with promises
aU in vain. The siege dragged on
its weary length for
was
were
cast
women.
The
might
!"
*
guaranteed,
they
were
utilized
to
to
se-
cure
to
recall
every
case
of
and
page
present
at
before,
an
imprisonment
un-
flinchingly
the
vicissitudes
in
events
to
the
de-
courage of despair, when the Council of Beziers, in 1
2-i6, ordering
to personally
passing
hundred places
accurate
count
of
the duty of
as
usual
matters
requiring
imprisonment,
crosses,
of Lyons,
indeed, he
of
his
a
ing
endless
trouble
27,
1249,
with
his
latest
to serve
Not only
last barrier
was
sceptre
orthodoxy
was
greatly
stimulated
of the
*
Cath-
II.,
the
the
faithful,
perpetually
tracked
hardship, toil,
the cause
of God,
this
time,
that
there
were
in
Lombardy
in
spite
pil-
grimages
in
1254,
Guillem
Fournier,
in
an
Calverie
to
bring
back
errand
by
Guillem
other old
The lord of
to
Sicily,
organizing
the
Church.
He
was
Saccone,
quoted
in
the
from
Con-
stantinople
to
Aragon,
regions
increasing
vigor
of
the
the Provin-
inquisitors
ter-
ritories
jealously
established and thoroughly
in
1257,
endeav-
authority,
perform inquisitorial
if
he
pleased in his own diocese, but that outside of it he must not
in-
the
complete
to
the
behests
of
the
and in
in
the
year
1255.
After
disinher-
431,
No.
by a
Popular
hatred
has
of
the
Roger Ber-
nard IL,
 
recon-
in
the
sacra-
ments.
His
son,
Iloger
lY.,
gave
crown, and defeating Raymond after the victories of St. Louis
had
the
Inquisition,
but
1248,
eulogizes
his
devotion
to
the
Holy
See,
choice
demned to wear
heresy, or the
Guidon.
Vit.
C.
condone
its
ancient
patriotism
he
could
be
brought
to
swear
that
he
bly the
faith
of
assailed before
Bertrand de
a
the Age-
to
the resistance
the
South
as
inherent
in
of his
was likewise
vigor-
God, and
demanded
that
the
dead
of
Tou-
louse
recognized
him
as
when
they
placed
his
Jean
Galande
1280
pre-
sented
their
complaints
to
were
under
the
deadly
safe
impressed
the
pop-
unblemished.
The
some
of
its
prominent
ecclesiastics,
in
Sanche Morlana, the
antagonism
between
the
the
con-
While
was
some
truth
that
Although
heretic
seigneurs
and
nobles
had
is
one
of
bear-
ing
a
leading
part
time
was
Seneschal
of
Foix,
hereti-
cated
132).
cealment to another,
constructed
this
denounce
and
all
notaries
who
should
confessions
for
heretics.
This
by the
trouble to the
stating that some
whether
the
*
1293,
the
Seneschal
Even this did
the inquisitors,
to make
-
by
Adam
de
Marolles,
the
deputy
pal, Henri de Elisia, who, after consultation with
Robert d'Artois,
lieutenant of
thus to
trammel the
it virtually power-
sistance, and this
to
it
pleased
savor to
commanding
the
absolute
obedience
for
a
year
carried
of severity,
year
the
provisions
of
ex
rationaUlihus,
of
which
the
authenticity
is
disputed,
in
temporal
affairs
and
calling
forth
swallowed enormous
sums, and
was
most
distasteful,
and
redoubled
rising
in-
dependence
of
parative
toleration,
would
at
length
find
a
dream
aroused
in
Carcassonne.
the
In-
quisition,
who
had
been
compromised
p.
92.
and
committed
much
devastation.
A large
on the community. The
those
were
they
isolation
Tournois. The
the community,
secretly ab-
one of
the authors
of the
crushed
old
man
the
arrest
of
Guilleni
Calverie,
one
of
the
those who
;
69).
selected for
was
estab-
lished.
to him he
and benevolence no
whom kept watch
churches,
summoning
day
named,
as
felt themselves called
cants, the
der. The wife of
the
journey,
and
Bernard
their
evi-
dence
afternoon
could
not
effect
until
the
Bernard
us
teacher
with
the
had manifested
in his
heresy,
but
experience
and
observation
had
the
jealousy
orders
the
converse
operation
might
seem
Bernard devoted
cripple
Inquisition.
agitation
the
Fran-
sermons ; it is there
were glad
to escape
prelates
of
be
persecution.
tion of dogma
or practice, and
in
December,
1299,
40,
63,
70,
73,
81,
82,
84,
119,
an inves-
tigation was
sent to
for their chief
ac-
their
mission
was
The Reformers
of
Puy.
was
Ampl. Coll. VI.
The
battle
was
fought
out
before
of France,
After
the Bishop
for the
set-
prison
of
the
Inquisition
of
cassonne,
and
a
discharge
them,
however,
but
general
alarm,
the
Franciscans
being
and
and
State.
The
consuls
and
people
of
Albi
addressed
used every effort
immunity, and
darkened
Inquisition.
;
who
was
left
Brayda,
of
instrument
he
ground is
it
had
been
possible
of
all
was
in
evil
that
when
to him
king's Dominican
confessor, was
secrets of
13,
1304,
which
was
on
the
subject
with
The
result
thus
Inquisition
should
case
of
prisoners
not
inquisitors,
in
urally argued
done right they ought
be
replaced.
If
land,
he was
brother
Louis
by offering
came to
against
the
Inquisi-
Ferrand,
son
of
the
rule
might
well
be
hailed
by
and his father were at Mont-
pellier entertaining the French
asked Frere
Majorca,
de
Valois
bought
out
in
extinguish
the
claims
still
1304,
in
the
habit,
under
Franciscan
habit,
under
tlie
As
for
went to Paris to
Junian
narrow escape probably
cher-
ishing
the
are
the
thenceforth
interfered
no
vigilance in
inflicted
he could
afford neither
to an-
to
of Carcassonne,
"
guishing in
the Lord,
through Languedoc on a mis-
sion,
to
investigate
and
make
the
sition
Even
greater
danger
to
absolve
them
from
cardinals
were
4270,
fol.
(Doat,
XXXIII.
48).
found the jailers
well spoken of,
quisitorial
proceedings,
of
prisoners
in
these
or
sentence,
Clement
found
d'Ablis that
of this,
know-
of
these
their trials
being concluded
late
as
able
as
1312 recite that
perpetual
banishment
from
France
investigation
is
books of
canon law
25, 1317,
that they
only re-
equivalent
to
torture,
it
proposes
fonds
latin,
No.
11847.—
in 1397 we
their
promulgation
he
The
closest
examination
of
exercised
by
of
any
practical
effort
for
their
en-
the
atonement,
and
to
his
evidence
was
precise.
A
tithe
of
bull
of
April
27,
1311,
declared
and the affair fell
the shame and guilt of the ruin of the Templars,
and
was
followed
29)
by
his
City.
pontiff had expired, knowing
as
were
inflicted in France on their Italian brethren. Shut up in the
episcopal palace of Carpentras, the conclave awaited in vain the
inspiration
of
passage through the rear
of
a
visible
head
of
The
the accumulated
to a well-to-do
for trial, and
on
a
man
which
he
was
and
humbly
begged
fife, in
most
of
of the
disappeared,
and
the
—
assertion
of
and thereafter
required
and
councillors
from
1302
to
1304.
Jean
could only
some
forty
or
Inquisition
was
believers
were
enforce, at every cost,
as
papal
legate,
of
cruelty
or
abusive
extortion.*
the humbler
The
nobles
and
gentlemen
who
had
so
been
im-
poverished
by
the
Autier, formerly
been
pure,
for
we
hear
foot
of
the
Pyrenees,
rugged,
with
few
place
to
Office
ever
authority
in
most zealous,
1300,
he
was
seemed to ren-
yourselves,
Sons
of
God;
arise
of the
concealment
and
walking
in
darkness,
I
escape
This
refusing
to
eat
was
fast
to
a
amusement of
rea
to
betray
his
at the mercy
of his tormentors.:};
a
few
years
disciples
who
could
be
of
had
was detected
in mak-
and Guillem Balibaste
Under interrogation she
offences
them, but
an
opinion
that
superseded
all
religion.
bodies,
by
world
Christ
and
Ma-
to gain
by adulterers
to
the
end,
but
had
him
a
few
disciples,
character
the
been the most civilized
themselves
municipal liberties
came,
and
native
nobles
harsh
customs
of
Northern
feudahsm,
do-
trans-
In
return
for
developing
confiscations
which
it
poured
the Inquisition
crown.
Fenouil-
ledes
King
of
Imme-
diately
the
inquisitor,
Pons
de
twenty
years
and the
and
grandchildren.
Pierre,
the
;
the
Inquisition,
to
with
minuteness
of
seizure.
Then
we
goods
St.
Omer,
conscientious
to poverty, how
municipalities was
which hung over
was
an authority
preserved
the
efforts
which
followed
escape
suspicion.
In
organizing
the
pious
induce
the
a
de-
that re-
their
errors
themselves
a
stinking
France,
were
what measures Robert
fanati-
cism
probably
were
specially
intercession
of
the
queen.
His
Arch-
bishop
commis-
sioned
again,
shrink
from
martyrdom
alternative
of
abjuration
with
perpetual
imprisonment
or
by his
the
in-
nocent
eighty-three,
at
to the
his
colleagues,
and
on
and
states
that
he
died
in
the
convent
sharp
pursuit
with
fhe
been
neglected,
for
we
find
where they
de
candles, offering
those
the
solicitude
of
King
Louis
management,
there
restored to
is pronounced insufficient
1233
it
seems
IV.
to
their
request.
Inquisi-
The laborers were
suspected of heresy,
which
gave
protection
to
the
sacred
walls,
and in
a
bull
fact,
any
but the
the secular clergy, nor did the latter call upon them
for assistance.
In
disseminating
its
doctrines.
In
spite
true,
day,
when
her
noble
tears
of
compassion.
disciple
in
1323,
pardoned,
auto at
prison
in
chains,
and
two
were
burned.
Some
collisions
that their
of ISTimes,
diem must have
The
tively
at
work
propagating
their
be
by the
tlie
flames.*
In
1381
of
Bordeaux,
was
con-
demned
to
perpetual
imprisonment,
and
when
best
1380,
gundy, was it
the
Coutances,
he
replied
that
God
be handled
solemn
auto
defe
at
The
story
is
instructive
require
of Paris,
invocation of saints,
the
and
was
his book to
to
his
is shown in
royal
court.
No
1329,
a
Mande-
merit
and annulling
or
future,
had
al-
ways
but
by
of the
de
Yillars,
body, in
and
damages,
did
matters.*
How
completely
bareheaded
and then
and required
would have
1368,
when
the
Coll.
Doat,
abey-
Jean
sans
the
see
also
the
the
acting
inquisitor,
Frere
Bartolome
of the expletives
Tete-Dieu and Ventre-Dieu,
which
ap-
the
metropohtan,
secured
the
independence
it
would
eventually
Rome.
Francis
Cardinal
Duprat,
brought
to
pub-
licly
against
it,
and
abasement
of
the
Inquisition
by
doctrine
and
and demanded
a reform.
1461
was
received
the
peace
all
this,
but
argued
that
Pragmatic
Sanc-
tion
as
he
was
the
only
man
would
frequently
as
bookworms
Parlement
in
securing
momentary
peace
between
which
Dukec
of
Berri,
Burgundy,
Bavaria,
taxation,
the
Duke
of
Guienne,
at the Council of
were interfering
spot
and
kept
in
cases
every
deviation
from
a
matter
of
course,
Univer-
sity
not been asked,
permit-
ted
more
progress
in
this
ex-
more slipped in. The
der
Geneva
and
Lausanne
sti-
pends
had
been
withdrawn.
ty
; but
they
were
constantly
Graveran to
prosecute
years
without
seeking
absolution.*
of the
Duchy of
papal
commissions.*
that in
venahty
and
corruption
the Minister
the faithful. Similarly
list
further.
Inquisitors
in
constant
succession,
Ripoll
III.
301.
and consequently
no vahd
allusion
case,
in
1484,
of
of
was
could
revolutionary
unless he should
the
the members
doctors selected
LaiUier's and
the Bishop
of Meaux,
should investigate
papers
to
pressure
brought
of Christ
and
as
he
State is mani-
authority,
its
furniture
the
Dominican
convent.
He
made
a
reclamation,
and
but the
and
on
vicar,
though
he
finally,
in
1520,
succeeded
Bernard
de
Caux
gear
from
Capdenier,
allusions
to
having
seen
them
of his
Catharan for
bread.
We
learn
also
that
they
heard
confessions
and
and
accession,
guar-
anteed
at
Beaucaire
of
"heretics
was
238,
241,
244,
289,
296.
It
is
perhaps
worthy
of
evidence
about
innumerable
Cathari.
more
usefully
directed
sonne,
urged
the
inquisitors
to
more
popu-
lous
communities
until
1288,
Aix,
and
Embrun,
when
Nich-
to
the
inquis-
Jean
churches
to
avert
suspi-
cion.
Their
in
1298
he
was
brought
before
Gui
de
returned to
wandering around
repression is
I'Inq.
(Revue
des
Questions
Historiques,
Oct.
1881,
p.
434).
confessions date
back to
1308
to
1323,
and
chapters ev-
and blood of Christ
keys direct
helped
name in the
homicide were forbidden.
The
non-resistance
them,
as
a
rule,
period
deputies
appearance
of
the
new
for
ordinary
were
twelve
front of
Brian-
connais,
and
zeal of the
into the
Many of the
even
their
prisoners
were
to
the
truths
of
religion.
No.
63;
1344,
No.
9;
1352,
inquisitors
a
yearly
stipend
for
their
the cost
of feeding
them by
of
prisoners
is
counted
among
pious
the
faithful
can-
not
be
sustained in prison unless the pious liberality of the faithful shall
assist
shall
keep,
that,
December
28,
only
be
matter
the heretics
YII. renewed
a
certain
sum
he
a
single
missionary
of
a
different
stamp,
and
his
self
ished there,
were substantially
the only
to
deal
is
assignable
to
century, and it
on heresy,
cognizance
of
such
cases
—the
26.
district
Avhich
Francois
apostate
heretics. In 1432
On
August
23,
of
this
same
year,
we
have
a
letter
from
Frere
describes them
as flourishing
valleys
of
Freyssinieres,
a
work
waters
of
the
protection and
of
papal
authority,
and
the
24.
—Duverger,
La
decrees
1483,
consuls of Freyssinieres.
effected
of
saints,
of
keeping
any
feast-
days
save
Sunday.
The
papal
commissioner,
Alberto
de'
the
Parlement
of
Grenoble,
and
a
legal formalities, during which
saying
that
length, in March,
after
a
followed,
occasional hai^he and confiscating the property of relapsed and
hardened
heretics.*
of
urgent assertions
VI.,
to
Reformation
forced
them
of Barcelona
was
populous
centres
such
as
Barce-
lona,
which
there were only
burned churches
It
will
be
remem-
one
Bishops
his
territories.
No.
Hispanica,
right of
until
1240
that
its
liberties ;
to
the
wan-
was
not
to
be
restrained
igent
inquisition
ac-
cordance
when
the
have
met
obnoxious by his
the rest
for life.
An organ-
subsequently
we
hear
have
en-
tombed.*
StiU,
the
progress
of
organization
seems
elsewhere,
of
empower-
ing
the
provincial
to
relapsed
kindly
and
aid
Inquisition. In
some and
The
names
of
Arnaldo
Burguete,
Inquisi-
tion,
for
II.,
inquisitorial process and
intended
nent
true
that
logians in which he
ordered
to
proceed
against
as
the
the
which flowed
the Franciscan, Jean Bretonelle,
1448 brought
it
was
causing
nerve
to
assail
such
a
of
Brescia
fought out
before the
31 he issued
brethren to an
put
point
with
such
ar-
veneration
of
inspired,
for
two Orders,
the preach-
though
in all
formed
the
rich's conception of the model
inquisitor
was
doctrine, and with
the common
the schools,
gratification
of
silencing,
the Church,
and Fray
Eymerich's
quali-
of
Aragon,
took
Vicente
and
condemnation
to
perpetual
imprisonment
»
seemed
to
render
outlying
provinces
consuls of
can, Juan
special
can rank in historical
burned many
Yalcos,
etc.,
was
1232,
expelled
a
number
of
Cathari,
own use. The
been consumed
not broken
until Lucas,
at the
risk of
his life,
By this
suppressing
heresy
was
exclu-
sively
sheltering
here-
tics
in
considered
the
guilt
of
the canon law
such
matters
no
change
was
deemed
necessary
louse,
dreaded sectaries known
friars
expenses should
alluded
to
provincial were
converts
to
apostatize,
had
there
been
aU to
Waklenses, not
were
entitled
was
justly
liable
means
with-
this
for an
efficient remedy.
second half of the
deny the efficacy
which
the
fires
of
purgatory
there been
Sixtus IV.,
failing
not
to
the
stake
for
contumacy,
of
the
appro-
priate
means.
In
Portugal,
Affonso
II.,
reign,
in
1211,
severe
laws
to
introduce
as
heretofore
ciated from
have
concubines, when
1401,
the
those who
Inquisition
in
1531.
Ko
revival.
trace of liis
a
necessity
for
such
so
seriously
the
idea
of
establish-
a
rampart
itself
a
party
in
all
with savage
of
this
diplomatic
ability,
of
When
the
formulas
no test
Rainerio
Sac-
of
and
reckoned about
France in Lombardy. As he estimates the total number, from
Constantinople to the Pyrenees, at
four thousand,
believers, it will be seen that nearly two thirds of
the whole
refuge
to
the
persecuted
ly
accused
neighboring lands.
their j^outh
were sent to
believed his
ardor
city
the
clamor
of
the
Waldenses,
but
in
some
Umiliati
had
them
to
a
further
spreading and infecting
the people. In
building
Luserna,
Angrogna,
San
Mar-
tino,
and
had
in
abundance
under
the
proved
altogether
ineffective.
return
from
exile.
About
was perse-
cuted by
the citizens
however, undertook
substituted in is place.
The prelates commenced with
where
to
strike.
They
or-
dered
the
heretical
preach-
ers
rection
Several churches were
the anathema
by casting
lighted torches
It was not until
prescribed
ground,
never
to
and
thirty
lire
Within three
weeks of
while
ecclesias-
tics
had
been
Gregory
when
these
unfortunates
were
burned
on,
the
de-
to
the
the
senator.
The
details
counted
forced
The problems which
of the
met
make
a
raid
on
heretics,
of the Church,
condition that the
people refund to
Fra
as
twenty -five
years which had elapsed since the Piacenzans had shown them-
selves so
them,
preached
to
them,
her-
etics.
The
result
did
the connivance of the podesta, the heretics and their friends
arose
clergy, including
the bishop
a
monk
of
a
revulsion
full
satisfaction
pleasure of the
next
year
silver
marks.*
During
was Giovanni
not
upon his
ten
resuscitations
so impressed
structed to
thus
favoring
raised
in
Bologna
a
considerable
force
of
he
bears
emphatic
be selected
as one
had
1228,
a
1231 to be
was
duly
excommunicated
reward, for
tion
was
successively
held
by
and Giacopo da Montefiascone. Many of the most powerful fami-
lies were
Cipriani,
which served
the
town
other in
yet
to
establish
the
is
the
dioceses
for
heresy,
went
noblest
f
am-
ihes
the Dominican
Maria,
uni-
This
was
a
of the
Church, and
in the Piazza di
;
carried by
bore
himself
is
the
warded,
I
1245,
was
precipitating
the
conflict
in
sense
of
rejoic-
omissions arising
was
prior
in
1250,
and
pretor of
he
so
persistently
macerated
Deficiency
of
nourishment,
as the
and associated with
alluded
to
the
and Era
Catalano, both
port
which is not improbable*