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E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?
E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?
WLA Conference 2012
Colleen Major Electronic Resources Librarian Columbia University Libraries
Jeff Carroll Acting Director for Collection Development Columbia University Libraries
Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011
Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011
E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012
Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011
U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
E-books spark battle inside the publishing industry The Washington Post: Maneker, Marion; 12/27/2009
Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011
U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012
EBooks Unbound! …now what?
E-Books in CLIO (total bib. Records.)
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10
Total E-Book Expenditures
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10
Library Based
Springer/Wiley
HathiTrust
Project Gutenberg
Ebrary/EBSCOhost EBooks
JSTOR
Project Muse
UniversityPress Scholarship Online
Consumer Based
Kindle/Nook, etc.
Device oriented
App-oriented
Overdrive
Google Books
Future epub format/standards Tablets v. e-readers More flexible EBook collections
Functionality
DRM
Checkout/downloads
Discoverability/Searchability
Jeff Carroll [email protected] Cris Ergunay [email protected] Colleen Major [email protected] Columbia University Libraries
• How we got here
• How we got here • Trends and Data
• How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation
• How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation • E-books on the catwalk
• How we got here
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
• 1971
• 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing
the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois
• 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing
the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up
ARPANET
• 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing
the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up
ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted
books by end of 20th Century
Project Gutenberg number of e-books
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Project_Gutenberg_total_books.svg
• 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing
the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up
ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted
books by end of 20th Century • More than 38,000 publicly available e-books as
of 2012
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
• 2009
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
• 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
• 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook
• 2011
• 1971 • Project Gutenberg
• 1998 • NetLibrary
• 1999 • Ebrary
• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
• 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook
• 2011 • In April, Amazon announces it’s selling more
e-books than print books
• Models • Aggregators
• Models • Aggregators
• Offer e-book collections for subscription
• Models • Aggregators
• Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist
• Models • Aggregators
• Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist • Publishers can pull titles out of collection
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase
• Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase
• Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights
• Not really “ownership”
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
• Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
• Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions
• Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
• Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions
• Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons
• Library purchases after x number of uses
• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
• Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions
• Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons
• Library purchases after x number of uses
• No guarantee of long-term availability for titles not purchased
Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions)
Net Dollar Sales for E-Books* (in billions)
2008 26.5 0.2
2009 27.1
2010 27.9 0.9
Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010
* Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/
Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.
Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010
* Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/
Year Net Unit Sales Overall (in billions)
Net Unit Sales for E-Books* (in billions)
2008 2.470 0.010
2009 2.510
2010 2.570 0.114
Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions)
Net Dollar Sales for E-Books* (in billions)
2008 26.5 0.2
2009 27.1
2010 27.9 0.9
Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010
* Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/
Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.
Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions)
Net Dollar Sales for E-Books* (in billions)
2008 26.5 0.2
2009 27.1
2010 27.9 0.9
Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010
* Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/
Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.
E-Books and Libraries represent potential risk in disproportion to size.
Publisher motivation
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue:
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy)
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual
content.
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual
content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright
law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.)
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual
content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright
law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual
content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright
law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
• Apple and 5 publishers accused of price collusion over e-books
E-Books 2012: What’s
on the Catwalk?
What's happening at Columbia?
Columbia
University -
Expenditures
Columbia University - bibliographic records
Manhattan Research Library Initiative (MaRLI)
• University Press Scholarship Online (UPSO) o NYU, NYPL, Columbia U
o Fordham, Kentucky, Florida, Hong Kong, Cairo
frontlist
e-access, via Oxford and Ebrary
print discount
1 print copy to NYPL
• Columbia and Cornell University Libraries
• partnership that enables us to pool resources
to provide content, expertise, and services
that are impossible to accomplish acting
alone
2CUL E-Books Task Force
E-Books Task Force
• JSTOR/Project Muse
• Bibliographic access
• OpenURL linking
• workflow analysis
E-Books
Task Force
Bibliograp
hic Access
OpenURL Linking
Cornell U Libraries
• III: ERM, DBs, openURL
•360: MARC, Summon
•Ex Libris: ILS
•Local CUL systems
Columbia U Libraries
•360: ERM, MARC,
Summon,COUNTER, E-Journals,
openURL
•Ex Libris: ILS, Metalib
•Local CUL systems: DBs
Columbia's E-Book firm ordering workflow
Cornell's E-Book
firm ordering
workflow
E-Book package workflow.
- Columbia and Cornell
E-Book package workflow differences.
- Columbia and Cornell
Usage Statistics
• Electronic Resource Assessment Working
Group - charged with recommending ways of
employing use data effectively to assess e-resource
collections, improve end-user access, and provide
meaningful reports to library managers.
e-Duke Books Scholarly Collection
Columbia has purchased since 2009
• has purchased the discounted print add-on
option
o Reviewed 2011 use data of print and online titles
Provocative Statements
• Discoverability should come through using
utilities outside of the traditional catalog
(Summon, Google)
• Amazon lending model (Freading) will replace
traditional lending models
• The purchasing model for E-Books should be
PDA/DDA for all but largest of research
libraries.
• Libraries should use student budget lines to
fund on-demand purchases.
Key Resources
• Pew Research Center
• Report: The Rise of e-reading
• Book Industry Study Group (BISG)
• Consumer Attitudes towards E-Book
Reading