Ebru Ergoz Karahan “The Relation between the Occupant Behaviour, Energy Efficiency and the...

THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

The Relation Between Occupant Behaviour, Energy

Efficiency and Residential Building

Characteristics: Case of Turkey

Ebru Ergöz KarahanFaculty of Architecture and Design

Ozyegin University Istanbul

Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design


Building characteristics are known to have a significant effect on energy consumption

Besides building features, occupant behaviour could have an important impact on the energy consumption in buildings

http://www.demirdograma.com.tr/uploads/apartman-kapisi-%20122-08-04-20152611597.jpg

Karahan, 2015



AIM

To investigate the energy efficiency of houses with different building types and systems

To highlight the relation between building features and occupant behaviour

DATA AND METHOD

Traditional vernacular houses and contemporary houses were chosen as cases

A questionnaire with a series of quantitative and qualitative questions

The questions were about buildings, household characteristics, behaviour and energy use issues.

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STUDY AREA - Osmaneli County

Osmaneli: NW of Turkey.

A combination of the Black Sea-Mediterranean and Central Anatolian climates

. Annual average temperature: 14,2 ºC

. Annual precipitation amount: 433,8 mm.

. City population: 14 555

. Total population: 20 912

Alok, 2015



HOUSING ıN OSMANELI

Consisting of two parts: 1.traditional vernacular housing2.modern houses built after 1920s.

Alok, 2015



. Construction, Planning and Building Envelope

Usually two or three storeys high.

The ground floor: stone or adobe

Upper floors: timber with adobe in filled

The flooring is timber beamed,

The floors are with two bases

Simple plan types

Thermal comfort is provided

via natural ventilation of the building elements

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES

Facade, windows and doors



. Material

Local natural materials such as wood, sandstone and adobe

Wood is used as either structural element or covering material in the houses

Inner and outer walls, floors, stairs, roofs, façade, ceiling and floor coverings, doors, windows, shutters, underside of eaves and several decorations are made of wood.

Adobe and stoneAdobe and timber Roof construction, wood

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES



Regulations regarding energy conservation and saving issues are not sufficient or detailed in Turkey.

In recent years the country has reviewed and followed EU regulations and directives

Many legislative actions and energy directives are harmonized and adapted from EU rules about energy efficiency in buildings

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES



Construction- Material

Reinforced concrete structure system

RC floors, beams and columns

External and internal walls: hollow clay brick

Walls: cement plaster from both sides.Typical reinforced concrete system

without plasters.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES



Traditional houses Contemporary Houses

Two-three storey buildings with courtyards

Mostly apartments

Winter and summer rooms No such differentiation

Wood construction system Reinforced concrete const. system

Open or half open spaces Balconies

Natural ventilation Artificial weathering systems

Local materials Modern industrialised materials

More sustainable

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL & CONTEMPORARY HOUSES



SPATIAL DISTRUBITION OF THE SAMPLE

NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA

NEIGBOURHOOD BORDER

266 RESIDENTIALS



FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY



%Tradit

% Contmp

Respondents lived for 16 years and above in Osmaneli 82.5 80.1

Respondents lived for 20 years and above in their present

houses

52.5 38.1

Dwellings age 16 years old and above 97.5 73.9

Use of natural gas for heating 27.5 49.6

Use of stove for heating 72.5 46.5

Use of LPG for cooking 72.5 49.1

Use of solar energy for hot water 5.0 8.8

Use of energy saving products 57.5 69.0

Use of water heater 65.0 40.7

FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY



First attempt at cooler degrees to wear additional clothing(65.0% traditional h. residents – 48.7% cont. h. residents

Second attempt at cooler degrees to increase the heat

(30.0% traditional h. residents – 37.6% cont. h. residents

Energy saving behaviour and attempt to use energy saving products is more important for the women, the families, the renters, the

elderly and the people with higher education

less important for the young, the single and the people with low income

OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES

Case 01

83 year old, two storey, wood construction 200 sq. m house 200 sq m. garden Main elevation facing SWSingle female occupantMain heating is coal/wood stove Electricity is used for heating water (monthly 20-40 €)

Case 01 - facade

Living Room




Case 02300 year old, two storey house, wood construction with adobe infilled200 sq. m house, 600 sq m. gardenmain elevation facing SE

Family house

Main heating is coal/wood stove

Side Facade and the Garden

The living room




Case 03

300 year old, three storey, six-bedroom wood construction 500 sq. m house with a 50 sq m. garden Main elevation facing NETwo elderly occupantsDomestic heating

Facade and the interior



OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES

Case 04

38 year old, three storey apartment building, without isolationreinforced concrete structure, 100 sq. mMain elevation: SouthDomestic heating (for 3 years) Family with young childrenDuring cold spells, the family increases the tempature and uses additional clothing

Facade

Living RoomEbru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design


OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES

Case 0514 year old, two storey apartment building, with isolation

reinforced concrete structure

110 sq. m, four-bedroom

the main elevation facing South

Domestic heating (for 2 years)

During cold spells, the family increases the tempature and uses additional clothing

Bedroom



OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY AND VERNACULAR HOUSES

Traditional Houses Contemporary Houses

Long duration time of the residence Time of residence changesAlterations made during winteri.e. Using one storey, keeping the unusedrooms closed, etcAdditional clothing during winter

Increase the temperatureAdditional clothing during winter

Use of courtyards, gardens Use of natural ventilation

Use of artificial weathering systems

Use of windows Use of windowsElectrical devices, TVs, Computers, Electrical devices, TVs, Computers, Long bathing time Long bathing timePresence of aged people Presence of childrenUse of local people in building the house(use of experience of the past)

Use of local people due to the presence of land and money (use of knowledge of present time)

Continuation of customs



In this study

. Occupant Behaviour,

. Energy Efficiency and

. Building Characteristics of

.Traditional Vernacular and Contemporary Houses

are examined.

CONCLUDING REMARKS



-The occupants appear to have developed skills demanding routines and actions according to building features

- Dominant factors in decisions about energy use: Cost,conveince, health and age

- Dominant factors in decisions about energy saving: education, gender, age, income and household composition



CONCLUDING REMARKS

-Household and personal characteristics

-Housing design, building features have an impact

on the energy behaviour



CONCLUDING REMARKS



The traditional design principles, materials or construction system may be applied with modern sustainable materials or integrated with contemporary systems to cope with the disadvantages.

Traditional houses are good examples of climatic and energy efficient design

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Occupant behaviour adjustment and design alterations offers solutions to creating more energy efficient environments

THANK YOU



Date post:	13-Apr-2017
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Ebru Ergoz Karahan “The Relation between the Occupant Behaviour, Energy Efficiency and the...

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