EC-ENGG-IV-YEAR

1

PREFACE

Dear Students,

From the academic year 2014-15 there is a slight change in the syllabus structure and question paper pattern. This change is due to the philosophy of Outcome Based Education and requirement as per the National Board of Accreditation (NBA), Government of India, New Delhi.

Sixteen countries including New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, Russia and India are the signatories of the Washington Accord, which has come out with the new process of accreditation. This would enable every institution, including NIE to attain high standards of technical education in the respective countries and to create level playing ground. The outcome based education is one of the important components of NBA.

NIE is making sincere efforts in meeting the global standards through new formats of NBA and timely World Bank-MHRD initiative TEQIP (Technical Education Quality Improvement Program). Efforts are being made to revise the syllabi regularly to meet the challenges of the current technical education.

Dr. B. K. Sridhara July 2014 Dean (Academic Affairs)

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BLUEPRINT OF SYLLABUS STRUCTURE AND QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

(to be effective from the odd semester of the academic year 2014-15 for all semester students)

Blue Print of Syllabus Structure

1. Complete syllabus is prescribed in SIX units as Unit 1, Unit 2, etc.

2. In each unit there is one topic under the heading Self Learning Exercises (SLE). These are the topics to be learnt by the student on their own under the guidance of the course instructors. Course instructors will inform the students about the depth to which SLE components are to be studied. Thus there will be six topics in the complete syllabus which will carry questions with a weightage of 10% in SEE only. No questions will be asked on SLE components in CIE.

Blue Print of Question Paper

1. Question paper will have SEVEN full questions.

2. One full question each of 15 marks (Question No 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) will be set from each unit of the syllabus. Out of these six questions, two questions will have internal choice from the same unit. The unit from which choices are to be given is left to the discretion of the course instructor.

3. Question No 7 will be set for 10 marks only on those topics prescribed as Self Learning Exercises.

Dr. B. K. Sridhara July 2014 Dean (Academic Affairs)

8

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION (3:0:2)

Sub. Code: EC0413 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 4 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to

1. Explain and compare the various cellular systems.

2. Apply the concept of cell, frequency reuse and handoff in wireless communication systems.

3. Analyze interference between mobiles and base stations and its effect on the capacity of cellular systems.

4. Apply various techniques to improve the capacity and performance of wireless communication systems

Unit 1: Introduction and Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication:

Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication, Frequencies for radio transmission, FCC Allocation for Mobile Radio transmission, Wireless communication standards, 1G,2G,3G and 4G Cellular systems.

6 Hrs

SLE: Beyond 4G

Unit 2: Mobile Communication Concepts:

Introduction, Concept of cellular communications, Cell Fundamentals, Frequency Reuse concepts, Concept of cell cluster, Cellular layout for frequency reuse, Geometry of hexagonal cell, Frequency Reuse Ratio, Co-channel and Adjacent Channel Interference, Various mechanism for capacity increase, Cell Splitting, Sectoring, Microcell Zone Concept, Channel Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies.

8 Hrs

SLE: Concepts of femto, pico, micro, macro cells and umbrella cell

approch.

Unit 3: Common Cellular System Components:

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Common Cellular Network Components, Hardware and Software Views of the Cellular Network, 3G Cellular Systems Components, Cellular Component Identification, Call Establishment.

6 Hrs

SLE: Cloud / centralized RAN

Unit 4: GSM and TDMA Technology:

GSM System Overview, GSM Network and System Architecture, GSM Channel Concept, GSM System Operation, GSM Identities.

7 Hrs

SLE: AT Commands

Unit 5: CDMA Technology:

CDMA Overview, CDMA Network and System Architecture, CDMA Basics, CDMA Channel Concept, CDMA System Operations.

7 Hrs

SLE: WCDMA,

Unit 6: Wireless Modulation techniques:

Characteristics of air interface, Path loss models, wireless coding techniques, Digital modulation techniques, Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques.

7 Hrs

SLE: UWB Applications

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Wireless Cellular Communications, Sanjay Sharma,

KATSON books, 2nd Edition 2007.

2. Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and Networks, Mullet, Cengagen Learning, Sixth Indian reprint 2010.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice by

Rappaport Theodore. Pearson Education India, 2009.

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COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will

1. Explain Different Network Architecture and Functionality of

Layers.

2. Learn the principles different network topologies, their configuration depending on types of users accessing the network and Interpret different types of network interfaces.

3. Explain the working of Internet.

4. Learn different protocols used in TCP/IP model and its Applications.

Unit 1: Introduction: Network Architecture:

Layering and protocols, OSI Architecture, Internet Architecture, Performance Parameter: Bandwidth ad Latency, Delay Bandwidth Products, High Speed Networks

8 Hrs SLE: Application Performance Needs.

Unit 2: Direct Link Networks:

Physically Connected Hosts (Nodes and Links)Encoding (NRZ, NRZI, Manchester, 4B/5B, 8B6T, Multiline Transmission, MLT-3Framing: Fixed Size and Variable Size Framing, Byte-Oriented Protocols, Bit-Oriented Protocols (HDLC), Clock-Based Framing (SONET)

10 Hrs SLE: Reliable Transmission: Noisy and Noiseless Channels.

Unit 3: Multiple Access and LANs:

Random Access, Controlled Access, Wired LAN, Wireless LAN. Wired: Ethernet (802.3), Rings (802.5, FDDI, RPR) Wireless: Bluetooth (802.15.1), Wi-Fi (802.11),

8 Hrs

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SLE: WI Max (802.16) and Cell Phone Technologies

Unit 4: Internetworking:

Global addresses: Datagram forwarding in IP, Address Translation (ARP), Host Configuration (DHCP), IPv4 Addresses and Data format, IPv6 Addresses and data format

8 Hrs

SLE: Multicast Addresses

Unit 5: End to End Protocols:

Getting Processes to communicate, TCP, UDP

8 Hrs

SLE: Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

Unit 6: Applications, Traditional Applications:

Electronic Mail (SMTP, MIME, IMAP), World Wide Web (HTTP), Domain Name Serviced (DNS), Network Management (SNMP).

10 Hrs

SLE: Multimedia Applications, NS-2 Lab

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computer Networks, Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S.

Devie, Morgan Kaufmann Publications, 4th Edition, 2002.

2. Data Communication and Networking, Behrouz A

Forouzan, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

Indian Edition, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Computer Networks, Andrew S Tannenbaum, Prentice

Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 4th Edition.

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CMOS VLSI CIRCUITS (4:0:2)

Sub Code: EC0509 CIE: 50% Marks

Hours / Week: 5 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hours: 3 Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:


1. Explain VLSI design flow and transistor level CMOS logic

Design, discuss the physical structure of IC layers to create

MOSFETs.

2. Discuss the basic structures to create MOSFETs, cell concepts, physical design of logic gates, design hierarchies.

3. Discuss the Electronic analysis of CMOS logic gates, delay analysis, analysis of complex logic gates, power dissipation.

4. Design and Testing of VLSI circuits, CMOS process enhancements, SOI technology, and analysis of static and dynamic CMOS logic circuits.

Unit 1: An overview of VLSI:

Complexity and Design, Basic concepts, Logic Design with MOSFETs: Ideal switches and Boolean operations, MOSFETs and Switches, Basic Logic gates in CMOS, Complex logic gates in CMOS, Clocking and Data flow control.

10 Hrs SLE: Transmission Gate Circuits

Unit 2: Physical Structure of CMOS Integrated Circuits:

Integrated Circuit Layers, MOSFETs, CMOS Layers, Designing FET Array.

SLE: Silicon on insulator (SOI) 6 Hrs

Unit 3: Elements of Physical Design:

Basic Concepts, Layout of Basic structures, Cell Concepts, FET Sizing and Unit Transistor, Physical Design of Logic Gates. 8 Hrs

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SLE: Design Hierarchies

Unit 4: Electronic Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates:

DC Characteristics of the CMOS Inverter, Inverter Switching characteristics, Power dissipation, NAND and NOR Transients Response, Analysis of Complex Logic Gates, Gates Design for Transient Performance.

10 Hrs

SLE: Pass transistors.

Unit 5: VLSI for Testing:

Testing combinational logic, sequential logic, scan testing, boundary scan.

CMOS Process Enhancements: Multiple threshold voltages and oxide thickness, implication for circuit styles, High-K- Gate dielectrics, silicon on Ge bipolar transistor structure.

8 Hrs

SLE: Built-in-self-test (only hardware testing).

Unit 6: Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits:

Mirrors Circuits, Pseudo-nMOS, Tri-State Circuits, Clocked CMOS, Dynamic CMOS Logic Circuits.

10 Hrs

SLE: Dual rail logic networks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John P. Uyemura, John Wiley.2010.

2. CMOS VLSI DESIGN, Neil H.E.Weste, David Harris, Pearson Education 2012.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits- Analysis and

Design, Sung-Mo Kang and Yusuf Leblebici, TMH, 2005.

2. Digital systems design using VHDL Charles H Roth, Thomson learning 2006.

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CMOS VLSI LABORATORY

DESIGN AND VERIFY THE FOLLOWING BY SCHEMATIC SIMULATION AND LAYOUT SIMULATION

1. Inverter using FETs.

2. Two input NAND, NOR, XOR gates.

3. Realization of Boolean expressions.

4. Combinational Circuit Design of Adders, MUX and its realizations.

5. Sequential Circuit Design of flip-flops, counters and Shift registers.

6. Differential Amplifier.

7. Schmitt trigger.

8. Common Source and Common Drain Amplifier.

9. Op-amp.

Note: Effect of changes in process technology parameters such as from 1.2 microns to 35nano microns and step-wise fabrication processes (2D/3D view) for the above experiments to be studied.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and System, John P Uymeura, Wiley Publications, 2

nd Edition, 2001

2. Basics Of CMOS Cell Design: Deep-Submicron CMOS Circuit Design, Etienne Sicard, Sonia Delmas Bendhia, Tata Mcgraw H;ill, 2

nd Edition 2005

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OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Identify the basic elements of optical fiber transmission

link, fiber modes configurations and structures.

2. Analyze the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides and their signal degradation factors and the various optical source materials, LED structures, Laser diodes.

3. Apply the fiber optical receivers concepts in communication ,basics of optical amplifiers, receiver operation and configuration.

4. Analyze the fiber optical network components, variety of networking aspects, SONET/SDH and operational principles WDM.

Unit 1: Overview of optical fiber communication:

Basic optical laws and definitions, optical fiber modes and configuration, Mode theory of circular wave guides: Overview, summery of key modal concepts, single mode fibers, graded index fibers, fiber materials.

8 Hrs

SLE: Fiber fabrication.

Unit 2: Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers:

Design, Optimization of a single mode fiber, Attenuation, signal distortion in optical wave guides.

9 Hrs

SLE: Characteristics of single mode fibres.

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Unit 3: Optical Sources and Detectors:

Introduction, LEDs, LASER diodes: LASER diodes Modes and threshold conditions, LASER diodes structures and radiation patter, single mode Lasers, Principles of Photo diodes.

8 Hrs

SLE: Photo detector noise, avalanche multiplication noise.

Unit 4: Optical Receiver and Digital Transmission System:

Fundamental receiver operation: Digital signal transmission, error sources, receiver configurations. Point to Point links: System considerations, link power budget, rise time budget.

9 Hrs

SLE: Burst mode receivers.

Unit 5: Analog Systems and Optical Amplifiers:

Overview of analog links, basic applications and types of optical amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber amplifiers.

10 Hrs

SLE: Wide band Optical Amplifiers.

Unit 6: Optical Networks:

SONET / SDH, Broadcast and seclect WDM networks, wave length routed networks, nonlinear effects on network performance.

8 Hrs

SLE: High speed Light wave Links.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Optical Fiber Communication, Gerd Keiser, MGH, 3th

Ed., 2008.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Optical Fiber Communications, John M. Senior,

Pearson Education. 3rd Impression, 2007

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SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (3:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Explain the fundamentals of orbital mechanism, the

characteristics of common orbits and launch methods and

technologies in satellite systems.

2. Describe the working of communications satellite and limitations encountered in the design of a communications satellite system and accurate link budget for a satellite system.

3. Evaluate the performance of the radio propagation channel for Earth station to satellite and satellite to satellite

4. Design antenna systems to accommodate the needs of a particular satellite system and use of analog and digital technologies for satellite communications networks.

Unit1: Overview of Satellite Systems:

Introduction, Frequency Allocation, INTE Satellites.

3 Hrs

SLE: Polar Orbiting Satellites.

Unit2: Orbital Mechanics:

Introduction, Keplar laws, definitions, orbital element, apogee and perigee heights, orbit perturbations, inclined orbits, calendars, universal time, sidereal time, orbital plane, local mean time and sun syndronous orbits, Geostationary orbit: Introduction, antenna, look angles, polar mix antenna, limits of visibility earth eclipse of satellite, sun transit outage, launching orbits.

8 Hrs

SLE: launching vehicals.

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Unit 3: Space Link Satellite Subsystems:

Introduction, EIRP, transmission losses, link power budget, system noise, CNR, uplink, downlink, effects of rain. Satellite subsystems, attitude and orbit control systems (AOCS), telemetry, tracking, command and alonitoring, power systems, communication subsystems, satellite antennas.

8 Hrs

SLE: Combined CNR, Equipments reliability and space qualification.

Unit 4: Satellite Link Design:

Basic transmission theory, System Noise temperature and G/T ratio, design of downlinks, satellite systems, using small earth stations, uplink design, design for specified C/N; combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, system design examples,

8 Hrs

SLE: Implementation of error detection on satellite links.

Unit 5: Low Earth Orbit and Non-Geostationary Satellite System:

Introduction, orbit consideration, delay and through put considerations, operational NGSO constellation design iridiumteledesic

6 Hrs

SLE: coverage and frequency considerations.

Unit 6: Satellite Specialized Services:

Introduction, orbital spacing, power ratio, frequency and polarization, transponder capacity, bit rates for digital TV, satellite mobile services, USAT, Radar Sat, GPS, orb communication.

7 Hrs

SLE: Iridium.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Satellite Communications, Dennis Roddy, 4th Edition,

MHI.

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2. Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Charles

Bostain and Jeremy Allnet, JW & Sons, 2nd Edition

2003.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Space Missing Analysis and Design (SMAD), Wertz

and Larson, Microcosm Pren, 3rd Edition, 1999

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IMAGE PROCESSING (3:0:0)




Pre-requisite: Digital Signal Processing (EC0407)

Course Outcome:


1. Understand basic principles of digital images, image data

structures, and image processing techniques.

2. Explain hardware and software components of image processing system.

3. Understand image processing filtering techniques in both the spatial and frequency (Fourier) domains

4. Understand the processes involved in enhancement and restoration techniques.

Unit 1: Introduction to Image Processing System:

Introduction, Image, Sampling, Quantization, Resolution, Classification of Digital Image, Image types, Elements of an image processing system, Applications of Digital Image Processing.

6 Hrs

SLE: Image file formats.

Unit 2: 2D Signals and Systems:

Introduction, 2D signals, Separable sequence, periodic sequence, 2D systems, classification of 2D systems, 2D construction, 2D Ztransform.

6 Hrs

SLE: 2D Digital filter .

Unit 3: Image Transforms:

Introduction, Need for transform, Image transforms, Fourier Transform, 2D DFT, properties of 2D-DFT, Walsh Transform,

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Hadamnd transform, Hoar Transform, Slant Transform, DCT, K-L transform, Comparison of Different image Transform.

6 Hrs

SLE: MATLAB simulation of transform domain methods.

Unit 4: Image Enhancement:

Introduction, Image Enhancement in spatrate Domain, Enhancement through point operation, Types of point operation. Histogram Manipulation, Linear gray-level transformation, Local or Neighborhood operation, Median filter, Spatial domain high-pass filtering or image sharpening. Bit-place sliching, image enhancement in the frequency domain, homomorphic filter, Zooming operation, Image arthmetric.

10 Hrs

SLE: MATLAB simulation of Enhancement techniques.

Unit 5: Image Restoration

Introduction, Image Degradation, Types of image Blur, Classification of image restoration techniques, image-restoration model, linear image restoration techniques, non-linear image-restoration techniques. Blind Deconvolution, classification of Blind-deconvotion techniques

6 Hrs

SLE: Image restoration in satellite images

Unit6: Image Denoising

Image Denoising, classification of noise in image, median filtering, Trained Average filter, Performance Metrics in Image restoration, Applications of Digital Image Restoration

6 Hrs

SLE: Image denoising in medical images.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Digital Image Processing, S. Jayaraman, S.

Esakkirajan, T. Veerakumara, Tata McGraw Hill Education

Pvt. Ltd., 2009

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REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Image Processing, Gonzalez, Gatesmark Publishing,

2nd

Edition, 2009

2. Digital Image Processing, Anil K Jain, Prentice Hall,

1998

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MICRO ELECTRONICS (3:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Explain and apply the semiconductor concepts of drift,

diffusion, donors and acceptors, majority and minority

carriers, excess carriers, low level injection, minority carrier

lifetime.

2. Explain how devices and integrated circuits are fabricated and describe discuss modern trends in the microelectronics industry.

3. Explain the underlying physics and principles of operation of p-n junction diodes, and MOS field effect transistors (MOSFETs).

4. Describe and apply simple large signal circuit models for metaloxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors devices which include charge storage elements and analyze the secondary effects of MOSFET.

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Semiconductors:

Effective mass, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, mobility, drift current and conductivity, diffusion process

8 Hrs

SLE: Diffusion current.

Unit 2: Fabrication Technology:

Introduction, Czochralski growing process, fabrication process.

6 Hrs

SLE: Photolithography and ion implantation

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Unit 3: PN Junction Diode:

Introduction, space-charge region, analytical relations at equilibrium, diode conditions with voltage applied.

6 Hrs

SLE: Derivation of diode current equation.

Unit 4: Metal Semiconductor Junctions:

Energy band diagrams of metal and N-Semiconductor, Schottky barrier diode, VI characteristics of N-Semiconductor Schottky diode.

6 Hrs

SLE: Tunnel Diode

Unit 5: Metal-oxide-Semiconductor systems:

Introduction, Energy band diagrams, Band bending and effect of bias voltages, analytical relations for charge densities, threshold voltage, and oxide charges in MOS capacitors.

8 Hrs

SLE: Sub Threshold voltage.

Unit 6: Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors:

Construction and basic operation, region of operation, current-voltage analytical relations, secondary effects.

6 Hrs

SLE: Usage of Simulation tools.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Semi conductor devices by Kanaan Kano Pearson

Education

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Solid State Electronic devices 5th edition Ben G

Streetman, Sanjay Banerjee Pearson Education.

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ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (3:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Apply fundamental principles, methodologies and

techniques of the course to analyze and design various

problems encountered in both academic research and

industry R&D practice.

2. Apply methods for reconstruction and interpolation of incomplete and corrupted real world signals, based on signal modeling and advanced filtering techniques.

3. Apply methods for prediction of real world signals, based on signal modeling and advanced filtering techniques, such as Linear Predictive Filters and Optimal Linear Filters.

4. Implement and compare parametric/non-parametric methods for power spectral estimations.

Unit 1: Parametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation:

Relationship between the auto correlation and the model parameters ,The Yule Walker method for the AR Model Parameters , The Burg Method for the AR Model parameters unconstrained least-squares method for the AR Model parameters sequential estimation

7 Hrs

SLE: Methods for the AR Model parameters selection of AR Model order.

Unit 2: Adaptive Signal Processing:

FIR adaptive filters, steepest descent adaptive filter LMS algorithm, convergence of LMS algorithms, Application: noise cancellation, channel equalization

7 Hrs

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SLE: Adaptive recursive filters recursive least squares.

Unit 3: Multirate Signal Processing:

Decimation by a factor D Interpolation by a factor I Filter Design and implementation for sampling rate conversion: Direct form FIR filter structures

7 Hrs

SLE: Polyphase filter structure.

Unit 4: Speech Signal Processing:

Digital models for speech signal: Mechanism of speech production model for vocal tract, radiation and excitation complete model time domain processing of speech signal

6 Hrs

SLE: Pitch period estimation using autocorrelation function

Unit 5: Linear predictive Coding

Linear predictive Coding: Basic Principles, autocorrelation method

3 Hrs

SLE: Durbin recursive solution.

Unit 6: Wavelet Transforms:

Fourier Transform : Its power and Limitations, Short Time Fourier Transform,The Gabor Transform - Discrete Time Fourier Transform and filter banks ,Continuous Wavelet Transform Wavelet Transform Ideal Case ,Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks and wavelets, Recursive multi-resolution decomposition.

10 Hrs

SLE: Haar Wavelet, Daubechies Wavelet.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing - Principles, Algorithms and

Applications, John G.Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis,

PHI, Third edition, (2000).

2. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling,

Monson H. Hayes, Wiley, 2002.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals, L.R. Rabiner

and R.W. Schaber, Pearson Education (1979).

2. Modern Digital Signal Processing, Roberto Crist, Thomson Brooks/Cole (2004)

3. Wavelet Transforms, Introduction to Theory and applications, Raghuveer. M. Rao, Ajit S.Bopardikar, Pearson Education, Asia, 2000.

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ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course students will be able to,

1. Differentiate the theories such as scientific and

administrative approach to management.

2. Explain the concepts such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

3. Instill the entrepreneur thinking, prepare a plan and project report.

4. Undertake feasible study such as market, finance.

Unit1: Management:

Introduction - Meaning - nature and characteristics of Management, Scope and functional areas of Management - Management as a Science, Art or Profession Management & Administration - Roles of Management, Levels of Management -Modern Management Approaches.

8 Hrs SLE: Case study on Planning.

Unit2: Planning and Organizing:

Nature, importance and purpose of planning process - Objectives - Types of plans (Meaning only) - Decision making - Importance of planning - steps in planning & planning premises - Hierarchy of plans. Nature and purpose of organization - Principles of organization - Types of organization

8 Hrs

SLE: Departmentation

Unit3: Staffing, Directing& Controlling:

Nature and importance of Staffing - Process of Selection & Recruitment (in brief) - Leadership styles, Communication -

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Meaning and importance Coordination, meaning and importance and Techniques of Co - ordination. Meaning and steps in controlling - Essentials of a sound control system

9 Hrs

SLE: Motivation Theories

Unit4: Entrepreneur:

Meaning of Entrepreneur; Evolution of the Concept, Functions of an Entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneur - an emerging Class. Concept of Entrepreneurship - Evolution of Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship; Stages in entrepreneurial process; Role of entrepreneurs in Economic Development; Entrepreneurship in India; Entrepreneurship its Barriers.

9 Hrs

SLE: Women entrepreneurship

Unit5: Small Scale Industry:

Definition; Characteristics; Need and rationale: Objectives; Scope; role of SSI in Economic Development. Advantages of SSI Steps to start an SSI - Government policy towards SSI; Different Policies of S.S.I.; Government Support for S.S.I. during 5 year plans, Impact of Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization on S.S.I., Effect of WTO/GATT Supporting Agencies of Government for S.S.I Meaning; Nature of Support; Objectives; Functions.

10 Hrs

SLE: Institutional support

Unit6: Preparation of Project:

Meaning of Project; Project Identification; Project Selection; Project Report; Need and Significance of Report; Contents; formulation; Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project report; Network Analysis; Errors of Project Report; Project Appraisal. Identification of Business Opportunities

8 Hrs

SLE: Feasibility study.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Principles of Management, P. C. Tripathi, P. N. Reddy;

Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development & Management, Vasant Desai, Himalaya Publishing House.

3. Entrepreneurship Development Small Business Enterprises, Poornima M Charantimath, Pearson Education 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Management Fundamentals Concepts, Application,

Skill Development, Robert Lusier, Thomson.

2. Entrepreneurship Development, S S Khanka, S Chand & Co.

3. Management, Stephen Robbins, Pearson Education, PHI -17th Edition, 2003.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (3:0:2)




Course Outcome:


1. Describe characteristics of Embedded systems and

Common peripherals of an embedded target board

2. Describe Booting sequence, memory layout , Boot loader installation and application development

3. Compile and configure Linux kernel and Root file system

4. Use Make, describe different methods of debugging and Real time concepts

Unit1:Embedded systems and Embedded Linux System:

Introduction. Embedded Linux Development. Target Hardware. Booting Linux. Development Environment. System Design. Boot Loader, Kernel, Root File System, Application, Cross-Compiler.

4 Hrs

SLE: Basics of Linux OS and commands

Unit2: Configuring the Software Environment:

Target Emulation Virtual Machines Host Environment .Linux. Host Services TFTP DHCP.NFS PXE. Cabling: Serial (for Console), Network. Why Target Emulation? Emulation via QEMU Compiling QEMU. Using QEMU to Emulate a Target Using QEMU to Compile under Emulation

7 Hrs

SLE: Windows host environment

Unit3: Configuring the Target Board:

Booting the board, Assessing the Kernel, Understanding the RFS. Cross-Compiler The Boot Loader, Kernel-Land vs. User land, Boot Loaders, Flash Memory. Kernel Startup, The Kernel Entry Point,

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User land Startup, Busy BoxInit Hardware Constraints, Performance and Profiling Tools.

8 Hrs

SLE: Non-Traditional Embedded Languages: Python, TCL

Unit4: Application Development:

Coding for Portability, System Differences, Tools required. Using Make, .Running the code on target. Getting Started on Application, .Types of Debugging: Remote Debugging Overview, Debugging C, Compiling for Debugging

7 Hrs

SLE: Using GDB for debugging

Unit5: Kernel Configuration and Development:

Kernel Project Layout, .Building the Kernel, How Kernel Configuration Works, Default Configurations, Editing .config By Hand.Building the Kernel, .Building Modules. Cleaning Up. Configuring the Boot Loader and Kernel, U-Boot, Other Boot loaders, Execution in Place, Selecting a Root File System, .Block-Based File Systems., RAM BufferBased File Systems, Assembling a Root File System. Creating the Staging Area, Creating a Directory Skeleton, Libraries and Required Files. Creating Initialization Scripts, Setting Ownership and Permissions.

7 Hrs

SLE: MTD File Systems

Unit6: Real Time Concepts and System Tuning:

Real-Time Core Concepts. The Linux Scheduler Real-Time Scheduler .Real-Time Implementation in Linux, Real-Time Programming Practices. The One Real-Time Process, Lock Memory, Avoiding the Heap, Asking for Priority Inheritance Mutexes I/O Is Nondeterministic. Using Thread Pools.Three or Fewer Megabytes, 1632 Megabytes, More than a Gigabyte. Reducing the Size of the Root File System, Compiling to Save Space, Reducing the Size of the Kernel, Removing Unneeded Features and Drivers, Minimizing Boot Time

8 Hrs

33

SLE: Reducing Kernel Boot-Up Time, Reducing Root File System Startup Times

TEXT BOOK:

1. Professional Linux Embedded Systems, Gene Sally,

Academic Press 2010.

34

ELECTIVES OFFERED

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Recognize advanced issues in VLSI systems, specific to

the deep-submicron silicon technologies and classify the

mechanisms of power dissipation in CMOS integrated

circuits.

2. Model power dissipation and use optimization methods on various levels, technology level, circuit level and system level.

3. Analyze the effect of low voltage CMOS circuits for power optimization, design style, leakage current in deep submicron transistors, long channel and short channel effects, multiple threshold voltages.

4. Discuss the effect of low energy computing for low power, energy recovery in adiabatic circuits and reversible logic circuits, Design of peripheral circuits for power optimization and software design for low power estimation and optimization.

Unit 1: Introduction:

Sources of power dissipation, designing for low power. Physics of power dissipation in MOSFET devices MIS Structure, Long channel and sub-micron MOSFET.

7 Hrs

SLE: Gate induced Drain leakage.

35

Unit 2: Power dissipation in CMOS:

Short circuit dissipation, dynamic dissipation, Load capacitance. Low power design limits, Hierarchy of limits, fundamental limits, Material, device, circuit and system limits.

7 Hrs

SLE: Principles of low power design.

Unit 3: Synthesis for Low power:

Behavioral, Logic and Circuit level approaches, Algorithm level transforms, Power-constrained Least squares optimization for adaptive and non-adaptive filters, Circuit activity driven architectural transformations, voltage scaling, operation reduction and substitution, pre- computation, FSM and Combinational logic.

12 Hrs SLE: Transistor sizing

Unit 4: Design and Test of Low-Voltage CMOS Circuits:

Introduction, Design style, Leakage current in Deep sub-micron transistors, device design issues, minimizing short channel effect, Low voltage design techniques using reverse Vgs, steep sub threshold swing and multiple threshold voltages, testing with elevated intrinsic leakage, multiple supply voltages.

10 Hrs SLE: Monte-Carlo simulation.

Unit 5: Low energy computing:

Energy dissipation in transistor channel, Energy recovery circuit design, designs with reversible and partially reversible logic, SRAM core, Design of peripheral circuits address decoder, level shifter and I/O Buffer, supply clock generation.

8 Hrs

SLE: Energy recovery in adiabatic logic.

Unit 6: Software design for low power:

Introduction, sources of power dissipation, power estimation and optimization.

8 Hrs

SLE: Simulation module.

36

TEXT BOOK:

1. Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design, Kaushik Roy

and Sharat C Prasad, Wiley Inter science, 2000.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits, Sung Mo Kang,

Yusuf Leblebici, , Tata Mcgrag Hill.

37

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS (4:0:0)



SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:


1. Understand the techniques that are used to transmit

multimedia data.

2. Have knowledge of the application of multimedia.

3. Understanding the coding techniques involved in transmitting multimedia data.

4. Understand real-time applications in multimedia.

Unit1: Multimedia communications:

Introduction, multimedia information representation, multimedia networks, multimedia applications, media types, communication modes, network types, multipoint conferencing, network QoS.

8 Hrs

SLE: Application QoS and transmission media.

Unit2: Multimedia information representation:

Introduction, digital principles, text, images, audio, video.

8 Hrs

SLE: PC video, video content.

Unit3: Text and image compression:

Introduction, compression principles, text compression, image compression.

9 Hrs

SLE: Digitized documents.

38

Unit4: Audio compression:

Introduction, Predictive DPCM, ADPCM, APC, LPC, Code exited LPC, perceptual coding, Dolby audio coders and MPEG audio coders

9 Hrs

SLE: Dolby AC-2, Dolby AC-S.

Unit5: Video compression:

Video compression principles, H.261, H.263, MPEG, MPEG-1, and MPEG-4.

9 Hrs

SLE: MPEG-2

Unit6: Standards for Multimedia Communications:

Standards relating to interpersonal communication, interactive applications over internet and.

9 Hrs

SLE: Standard for entertainment applications

TEXT BOOK:

1. Multimedia Communications: Applications, Networks,

Protocols and Standards, Fred Halsall, Pearson

Education, Asia, Second Indian reprint 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Multimedia Information Networking, Nalin K. Sharda, PHI, 2003.

2. Multimedia Fundamentals: Vol 1 - Media Coding and Content Processing, Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Narstedt, Pearson Education, 2004.

3. Multimedia Systems Design, Prabhat K. Andleigh, Kiran Thakrar, PHI, 2004.

39

SPEECH PROCESSING (4:0:0)




Pre-requisite: Digital Signal Processing (EC0407)

Course Outcome:


1. Analyze, Manipulate, visualize speech signals. Perform

various decompositions, codifications, and modifications of

speech signal.

2. Explain the main principles of common audio signal processing operations viz. equalization, dynamic control, perceptual audio coding.

3. Qualitatively describe the mechanisms of human speech production and how the articulation mode of different classes of speech sounds determines their acoustic characteristics.

4. Solve given problems regarding parameter estimation in source-filter production models and regarding speech analysis and synthesis using these models. Describe simple pattern-recognition applications of speech processing, such as speaker and speech recognition.

Unit1: Introduction:

Process of speech production, Acoustic theory of speech production, Lossless tube models, and Digital models for speech signals.

Time Domain Models for Speech Processing: Time dependent processing of speech, Short time energy and average magnitude, Speech vs silence discrimination using energy & zero crossings, Pitch period estimation, Median smoothing

9 Hrs

SLE: Pitch period estimation using autocorrelation function

40

Unit2: Digital Representations of the Speech Waveform:

Sampling speech signals, Instantaneous quantization, Adaptive quantization, Differential quantization, Differential PCM, Comparison of systems, direct digital code conversion.

8 Hrs

SLE: Delta Modulation.

Unit3: Short Time Fourier Analysis:

Linear Filtering interpretation, Filter bank summation method, Overlap addition method, Design of digital filter banks, Implementation using FFT, Spectrographic displays, Pitch detection, Analysis synthesis systems.

8 Hrs

SLE: Analysis by synthesis.

Unit4: Linear Predictive Coding of Speech:

Basic principles of linear predictive analysis, Solution of LPC equations, Prediction error signal, Frequency domain interpretation, Relation between the various speech parameters, Synthesis of speech from linear predictive parameters.

9 Hrs SLE: Applications.

Unit5: Speech Enhancement:

Spectral subtraction & filtering, Harmonic filtering, parametric re-synthesis, Adaptive noise cancellation.

Speech Synthesis: Principles of speech synthesis, Synthesizer methods, Synthesis of intonation, Speech synthesis for different speakers, Speech synthesis in other languages, Evaluation.

10 Hrs

SLE: Practical speech synthesis.

Unit6:Automatic Speech Recognition:

Introduction, Speech recognition vs. Speaker recognition, Signal processing and analysis methods, Hidden Markov Models, Artificial Neural Networks.

8 Hrs

41

SLE: Pattern comparison techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals", L. R. Rabiner

and R. W. Schafer, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd.,

2004.

2. Speech Communications: Human and Machine, D. OShaughnessy, Universities Press, 2001

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, L. R. Rabiner

and B. Juang, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte.Ltd., 2004.

42

MOBILE COMPUTING (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Articulate and critically assess the complexities involved in

designing and building systems and applications in a

mobile and ubiquitous computing context, apply the

techniques within the software development process,

taking account of the factors which influence human

performance, and the major concepts relevant to human

error, and critique the interface of interactive systems with

reference to a task model and its associated scenarios

2. Evaluate different approaches to modeling information and knowledge, utilizing such information to produce rich semantic models and ontologies, and exploiting querying approaches to facilitate distributed information retrieval and aggregation

3. Apply current software development methodologies, working effectively as an individual or within a team, in the production of a substantial piece of ubiquitous computing software in consultation with a client

4. Synthesize emergent concepts and technology innovations in defining a mobile, autonomous and ubiquitous computing innovation agenda; design, manage and realize a novel technical service and/or product; assess commercialization strategies within the domain.

Unit1: Wireless Communication Fundamentals:

Introduction, Wireless transmission, Frequencies for radio transmission, Signals, Antennas, Signal Propagation, Multiplexing, Modulations, Spread spectrum, MAC, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

9 Hrs

43

SLE: Cellular Wireless Networks.

Unit2: Telecommunication Networks:

Telecommunication systems, GSM, GPRS, DECT, Satellite Networks, Basics Parameters and Configurations, Capacity Allocation, Broadcast Systems, DAB, DVB.

11 Hrs

SLE: FAMA and DAMA.

Unit3: Wireless LAN:

Wireless LAN, IEEE 802.11, Architecture services, MAC Physical layer IEEE 802.11a HIPER-LAN Bluetooth.

9 Hrs

SLE: Wireless WAN.

Unit4: Mobile Network Layer:

Mobile IP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, Routing, DSDV, DSR, Alternative Metrics.

8 Hrs

SLE: Other routing techniques.

Unit5:Transport and Application Layers:

Traditional TCP, Classical TCP improvements, WAP, Introduction to 4G mobile networks.

8 Hrs

SLE: Case study on Mobile multimedia networks.

Unit6: Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs):

Overview, Properties of a MANET, spectrum of MANET applications, routing and various routing algorithms.

7 Hrs

SLE: Security in MANETs

44

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Mobile Communications, Jochen Schiller, PHI/Pearson

Education, Second Edition, 2003.

2. Wireless Communications and Networks, William Stallings, PHI/Pearson Education, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Principles of Wireless Networks, Kaveh Pahlavan,

Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, PHI/Pearson Education, 2003.

2. Principles of Mobile Computing,Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons and Thomas Stober, Springer, New York, 2003.

3. Mobile Communication Systems, Hazysztof Wesolowshi, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2002.

45

MIXED SIGNAL MODELLING USING VHDL-AMS (3:0:2)



SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:


1. Apply AHDL models for analogue circuitry.

2. Design and model analogue circuitry using combinations of AHDLs and circuitry.

3. Critically analyze the constraints in real circuits in terms of conflicting design requirements (for example, low noise yet low power).

4. Gain an understanding of the AHDL language, its strengths and its current weakness.

Unit1:

Signal flow modelling in VHDL, Nature, Terminal, Quantity Definition of a nature Terminal nodes; Free quantities; across and through quantities; Electrical package

7 Hrs SLE: VHDL syntax and semantics

Unit2:

Simultaneous statements Simultaneous statements; Implicit quantities; Solvability; Simultaneous if and case statements; Examples: resistor, capacitor, diode, Netlists Terminal and quantity ports; Component instantiation.

6 Hrs

SLE: Signal flow modeling

Unit3:

Procedural statements Sequential programming constructs; Equivalent simultaneous statements; Equivalent functions; Examples: MOSFET

6 Hrs

46

SLE: Modeling OPAMPS

Unit4:

Mixed-Signal simulation cycle; Initialization; Break statements; Time step control; Frequency and Noise domain modeling Mixed-Signal modeling mixing concurrent and simultaneous constructs;

7 Hrs

SLE: Events and their significance.

Unit5:

Mixed Signal Focus Command and Control system design. Digitise/Encode Block.. Decode /Pulse-width-Block. Pulse-width/Analog converter Block, Frequency and Transfer function Modeling. Frequency Based Modeling. Noise-Modeling.

7 Hrs

SLE: Laplace Transfer Functions and Discrete Transfer functions.

Unit6:

Case Study: DC-DC Power Converter Modeling with VHDL-AMS. Capacitor Model. Ideal Switch model. Voltage Mode control. Averaged Model. Compensation design. Load and Line Regulation.Case Study: Communication Systems Frequency shift Keying. FSK Detection.

7 Hrs

SLE: Non-Coherent and coherent PLL Detection.

Note: Relevant Laboratory exercises using a simulator illustrating the theoretical Aspects is also part of the course.

TEXT BOOK:

1. System Designers Guide to VHDL-AMS, Peter

Ashenden, Gregory Peterson, Darrel, Morgan Kaufmann

Publishers 2005.

47

NETWORK SECURITY (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Explain the objectives of information security, its

importance and application such as Confidentiality,

Integrity, and Availability and also to understand the

fundamental idea of Symmetric Ciphers Cryptography.

2. Describe efficient basic number-theoretic algorithms, multiplicative inverse mod n and raising to powers mod n and understand the fundamental idea of Public-key Cryptography.

3. Discuss the Key Management techniques, protocols related to Authentication, Web security concepts.

4. Understand Intrusions and intrusion detection and Firewall concepts.

Unit1:

Services, mechanisms and attacks, The OSI security architecture, A model for network security. Symmetric Ciphers: Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques.

9 Hrs

SLE: Steganography and Matlab program on Multiplicative inverse of Modulus.

Unit2:

Simplified DES, Data encryption standard (DES), The strength of DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of Operation, Evaluation Criteria for Advanced Encryption Standard, The AES Cipher.

9 Hrs

48

SLE: Block Cipher Principles and Finite fields.

Unit3:

Principles of Public-Key Cryptasystems, The RSA algorithm, Key Management, Diffie - Hellman Key Exchange, Authentication functions.

9 Hrs

SLE: Hash Functions and Secure Hash Algorithm

Unit4:

Digital signatures, Digital Signature Standard. Web-Security Consideration, Security socket layer (SSL) and Transport layer security, Secure Electronic Transaction.

10 Hrs

SLE: Authentication Protocols and Matlab Program on ab modulus

n.

Unit5:

Intruders, Intrusion Detection, Password Management. Malicious software: Viruses and Related Threats

8 Hrs

SLE: Virus Countermeasures.

Unit6:

Firewalls Design Principles and Trusted Systems. 7 Hrs

SLE: Trojan horse denfense.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Cryptography and Network Security, William Stalling,

Pearson Education, 2003.

Reference Books:

1. Cryptography and Network Security, Behrouz A.

Forouzan, TMH, 2007.

2. Cryptography and Network Security, Atul Kahate, TMH, 2003.

49

WIRELESS NETWORKS (4:0:0)




Pre-requisite: 1. Wireless Communication (EC0413)

2. Communication Networks (EC0414)

Course Outcome:


1. Explain the fundamentals of wireless networking

2. Describe and analyze various Wireless Networks like LAN, WAN, PAN and MAN& their performance analysis.

3. Describe and compare Broad Band Satellite and Microwave Systems.

4. Explain air interface technologies and emerging wireless technologies.

Unit1: Cellular Wireless Data Networks 2.5 and 3G Systems:

Introduction to wireless Networks, CDPD, GPRS, and EDGE Date Networks, CDMA Date Networks, Evolution of GSM and NA-TDMA to 3G, Evolution of CDMA to 3G, SMS, EMS, MMS and MIM Services

9 Hrs

SLE: Long Term Evolution (LTE) telecommunication technology.

Unit2: Wireless LANs /IEEE 802.11x:

Introduction, Evolution of Wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11 Design Issue, Services, Layer 2, MAC Layer Operations, Layer 1, Higher Rate Standards, Wireless LAN Security, Competing Wireless Technologies, Typical WLAN Hardware

9 Hrs

SLE: WAVE (Vehicular Environments)

50

Unit3: Wireless PANs/IEEE 802.15x:

Introduction, Wireless PAN Applications and Architecture, IEEE 802.15.1 Physical Layer Details, Bluetooth Link Controller Basics and Operational States, IEEE 802.15.1 Protocols and Host Control Interface, Evolution of IEEE 802.15 Standards.

8 Hrs SLE: Zigbee

Unit4: Broadband Wireless MANs/IEEE 802.16x:

Introduction to WMAN/IEEE 802.16x Technologies, IEEE 802.16 Wireless MANs, MAC Layer Details, Physical Layer Details, Physical Layer Details for 2-11 GHz, Common System Operations.

9 Hrs

SLE: OFDMA

Unit5: Broad Band Satellite and Microwave Systems:

Introduction, Line-of Sight Propogation, Fundamentals of Satellite Systems, Broadband Satellite Networks, Broadband Microwave and Millimeter Wave Systems.

9 Hrs SLE: Stratellites

Unit6: Emerging Wireless Technology:

Introduction, New and Emerging Air Interface Technologies, New Wireless Network Implementations, IEEE 802.20/Mobile Broadband Wireless Access, Satellite Ventures and Other Future Possibilities.

8 Hrs SLE: Remote Sensing

TEXT BOOK:

1. Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications

Systems and Networks, Mullet, Cengage Learning,

Indian Edition, 2006

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. IS-95 CDMA and cdma 2000 Cellular/PCS System

Implementation, Vijay K Gard, Pearson Education, Low

Price Edition.

51

RF MICRO ELECTRONICS (4:0:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Calculate radio, microwave and link power and noise

budgets.

2. Analyze lumped and distributed microwave filters.

3. Design microwave transistor amplifiers and be able to optimize them for Gain,port matching and noise figure.

4. Design microwave transistor oscillators and mixers.Interpret and manipulate network analyzer measurements.

Unit1:Basic Concepts in RF Design:

Introduction, non-linearity and time variance, random processes and noise, sensitivity and dynamic range, passive impedance transformation.

8 Hrs

SLE: Scattering parameters.

Unit2:Transceiver Architectures:

General considerations, Receiver architectures: heterodyne and homodyne receivers, Transmitter architectures.

9 Hrs

SLE: OOK Transceiver.

Unit3:Low Noise Amplifiers and Mixers:

Low noise amplifiers: General considerations input matching, simple bipolar LNA. Down conversion mixers: General considerations, Passive and active mixers.

9 Hrs

52

SLE: Single balanced mixer

Unit4: Oscillators:

General considerations, basic LC oscillator topologies, Voltage controlled oscillators.

SLE: LC VCOs with Wide Tuning Range

8 Hrs

Unit5: Frequency Synthesizers:

General considerations, Phase locked loops: Basic concepts, Basic PLL, Charge pump PLLs.

9 Hrs

SLE: Phase noise in PLLs.

Unit6: Power Amplifiers:

General considerations, Classification of power amplifiers, High efficiency power amplifiers.

9 Hrs

SLE: Doherty Power Amplifier.

TEXT BOOK:

1. RF Microelectronics, by Behzad Razavi, Prentice hall

communications engineering and emerging technologies

series.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. RF circuit design: Theory and applications by

Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel bretchko, Prentice hall

publications.

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