Ecdl v4 Mod2 Windows-2000 Manual

8/8/2019 Ecdl v4 Mod2 Windows-2000 Manual

1/65

ECDL Module 2Using the Computer and Managing Files

Training ManualUsing Microsoft Windows 2000(Syllabus 4)

C C T G L O B

Cheltenham Computer Training


2/65

1995-2003 Cheltenham Computer TrainingCrescent House24 Lansdown Crescent LaneCheltenhamGloucestershireGL50 2LD, UKTel: +44 (0)1242 227200Fax: +44 (0)1242 253200Email: [email protected]: http://www.cctglobal.com

All trademarks acknowledged. E&OE.

Cheltenham Computer Training 1995-2003 No part of this document may be copied without writtenpermission from Cheltenham Computer Training unless produced under the terms of a coursewaresite license agreement with Cheltenham Computer Training.

All reasonable precautions have been taken in the preparation of this document, including both

technical and non-technical proofing. Cheltenham Computer Training and all staff assume noresponsibility for any errors or omissions. No warranties are made, expressed or implied with regard tothese notes. Cheltenham Computer Training shall not be responsible for any direct, incidental orconsequential damages arising from the use of any material contained in this document. If you findany errors in these training modules, please inform Cheltenham Computer Training. Whilst every effortis made to eradicate typing or technical mistakes, we apologize for any errors you may detect. Allcourses are updated on a regular basis, so your feedback is both valued by us and will help us tomaintain the highest possible standards.

Sample versions of courseware from Cheltenham Computer Training

(Normally supplied in Adobe Acrobat format)If the version of courseware that you are viewing is marked as NOT FOR TRAINING, SAMPLE, or

similar, then it cannot be used as part of a training course, and is made available purely for contentand style review. This is to give you the opportunity to preview our courseware, prior to making apurchasing decision. Sample versions may not be re-sold to a third party.

For current license information

Cheltenham Computer Training reserves the right to alter the licensing conditions at any time, withoutprior notice. No terms or conditions will affect your rights as defined under UK law. Please see the sitelicense agreement available at:www.cctglobal.com/agreement


3/65

ECDL Approved Courseware

IMPORTANT - PLEASE READAs a condition of providing official approval for this courseware, the ECDL

Foundation demand that the following statement appear within all approved ECDLcourseware, produced by third party courseware providers: -

""European Computer Driving Licence" and ECDL and Stars device are registered trade marks of the EuropeanComputer Driving Licence Foundation Limited in Ireland and other countries. Cheltenham Computer Training isan independent entity from the European Computer Driving Licence Foundation Limited, and not affiliated with theEuropean Computer Driving Licence Foundation Limited in any manner. Cheltenham Computer Training ECDLCourseware may be used in assisting students to prepare for the European Computer Driving LicenceExamination. Neither the European Computer Driving Licence Foundation Limited nor Cheltenham ComputerTraining warrants that the use of this Cheltenham Computer Training ECDL Courseware will ensure passing therelevant Examination. Use of the ECDL-F approved Courseware Logo on this product signifies that it has beenindependently reviewed and approved in complying with the following standards:

Acceptable coverage of all courseware content related to the ECDL Syllabus Version 4.0. This courseware

material has not been reviewed for technical accuracy and does not guarantee that the end user will pass theassociated ECDL Examinations. Any and all assessment tests and/or performance based exercises contained inthis Cheltenham Computer Training ECDL Courseware relate solely to this Cheltenham Computer TrainingECDL Courseware and do not constitute, or imply, certification by the European Driving Licence Foundation inrespect of any ECDL Examinations. For details on sitting ECDL Examinations in your country please contact thelocal ECDL Licensee or visit the European Computer Driving Licence Foundation Limited web site athttp://www.ecdl.com.

Candidates using this courseware material should have a valid ECDL/ICDL Skills Card/Log book. Without such askills card/Log book no ECDL/ICDL tests can be taken, no ECDL/ICDL certificate, nor any other form ofrecognition can be given to the candidate. ECDL/ICDL Skills Cards may be obtained from any accreditedECDL/ICDL Test Centre or from your country's National ECDL/ICDL designated Licensee".

References to the European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL) include the International Computer DrivingLicence (ICDL). ECDL Syllabus Version 4.0 is published as the official syllabus for use within the European

Computer Driving Licence (ECDL) and International Computer Driving Licence (ICDL) certification programme."

IMPORTANT: - Regarding ECDL courseware purchased from Cheltenham Computer Training.Cheltenham Computer Training accept no liability whatsoever arising from any changes thatyou make to this courseware, with, or without, ECDL Foundation approval.


4/65

MODULE 2 - USING THE COMPUTER AND MANAGING FILES (USING WINDOWS 2000) ......1

2.1 COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................ 1

2.1.1 First Steps with the Computer .........................................................................................................5

2.1.1.1 Start the computer..................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.1.2 Shut down the computer using an appropriate routine.............................................................52.1.1.3 Restart the computer using an appropriate routine...................................................................6

2.1.1.4 Shut down a non-responding application.................................................................................72.1.2 Basic Information and Operations ..................................................................................................7

2.1.2.1 View the computer's basic system information: operating system and version number,

installed RAM (random-access memory)............................................................................................. 7

2.1.2.2 Change the computer's Desktop configuration: date & time, volume settings, Desktopdisplay options (colour settings, screen pixel resolution, screen saver options)..................................9

2.1.2.3 Set, change keyboard language............................................................................................... 142.1.2.4 Format removable disk media: diskette, Zip disk................................................................... 14

2.1.2.5 Install, uninstall a software application..................................................................................16

2.1.2.6 Use keyboard print screen facility and paste contents into a document.................................16

2.1.2.7 Use available Help functions..................................................................................................17

2.1.3 Text Editing ................................................................................................................ ...... ...... ...... .20

2.1.3.1 Launch a text editing application. Open, create a file............................................................20

2.1.3.2 Save the file to a location on a drive....................................................................................... 22

2.1.3.3 Close the text editing application .......................................................................... ...... ...... .....232.2 DESKTOP.................................................................................................................................................23

2.2.1 Work with Icons .............................................................................................................................23

2.2.1.1 Recognize Desktop icons such as those representing: files, directories/folders, applications,

printers, recycle bin/wastebasket. .......................................................................................................23

2.2.1.2 Select and move Desktop icons..............................................................................................24

2.2.1.3 Open a file, directory/folder, application from the Desktop................................................... 25

2.2.1.4 Create a Desktop shortcut icon or a Desktop menu alias.......................................................26

2.2.2 Work with Windows .......................................................................................................................26

2.2.2.1 Identify the different parts of a window: title bar, menu bar, toolbar, status bar, scroll bar.. 26

2.2.2.2 Collapse, expand, resize, move, close a window.................................................................... 28

2.2.2.3 Switch between open windows............................................................................................... 292.3 MANAGING FILES...................................................................................................................................... 30

2.3.1 Concepts ................................................................................................................................. ...... .30

2.3.1.1 Understand how an operating system shows drives, folders, files in a hierarchical structure.

............................................................................................................................................................30

2.3.1.2 Know that the devices used by an operating system to store files and folders are the harddisk, diskette, CD-ROM, network drives...........................................................................................32

2.3.2 Directories / Folders .................................................................................................................... .32

2.3.2.1 Navigate to a file, folder on a drive ............................................................................. ...... .....32

2.3.2.2 Create a directory/folder and a further subdirectory/sub-folder.............................................33

2.3.2.3 Open a window to display directory/folder name, size, location on drive ............ ...... ...... .....34

2.3.3 Working with Files ........................................................................................................................35

2.3.3.1 Recognize common file types: word-processing files, spreadsheet files, database files,

presentation files, image files, audio files, video files, compressed files, temporary files.................352.3.3.2 Count the number of files, files of a particular type in a folder (including files in sub-

folders)................................................................................................................................................ 372.3.3.3 Change file status: read-only / locked, read write ..................................................................40

2.3.3.4 Sort files by name, size, type, date modified..........................................................................41

2.3.3.5 Understand the importance of maintaining correct file extensions when renaming files.......41

2.3.3.6 Re-name files and directories/folders.....................................................................................42

2.3.4 Duplicate, Move ........................................................................................................................... .42

2.3.4.1 Select a file, directory/folder individually or as a group of adjacent or non-adjacent files,

directory/folders.................................................................................................................................. 42

FOR USE AT THE LICENSED SITE(S) ONLY

Cheltenham Computer Training 1995-2003 - www.cctglobal.com


5/65

2.3.4.2 Duplicate files, directories/folders between directories/folders and between drives.............43

2.3.4.3 Move files, directories/folders between directories/folders and drives..................................44

2.3.4.4 Understand why making a backup copy of files to a removable storage device is important

............................................................................................................................................................46

2.3.5 Delete, Restore ............................................................................................................................. .46

2.3.5.1 Delete files, directories/folders to the recycle bin / wastebasket............................................46

2.3.5.2 Restore files, directories/folders from a recycle bin/wastebasket..........................................482.3.5.3 Empty the recycle bin / wastebasket....................................................................................... 48

2.3.6 Searching ...................................................................................................................................... .49

2.3.6.1 Use the Find tool to locate a file or a directory/folder ............................................................49

2.3.6.2 Search for files by content, date modified, date created, size, wildcards...............................50

2.3.6.3 View list of recently used files...............................................................................................53

2.3.7 Compressing Files .........................................................................................................................53

2.3.7.1 Understand what file compression means ......................................................................... .....53

2.3.7.2 Compress files in a given folder on a drive............................................................................54

2.3.7.3 Extract compressed files from a given location on a drive..................................................... 55

2.4 VIRUSES..................................................................................................................................................552.4.1 Concepts ................................................................................................................................. ...... .55

2.4.1.1 Know what a virus is and what the effects of a virus might be ..............................................55

2.4.1.2 Understand some of the ways a virus can be transmitted into a computer .............................56

2.4.1.3 Understand the advantages of a virus-scanning program .......................................................562.4.1.4 Understand what disinfecting files means...........................................................................56

2.4.2 Handling Viruses ...........................................................................................................................56

2.4.2.1 Use a virus scanning application to scan specific drives, folders or files............................... 56

2.4.2.2 Understand why virus-scanning software needs to be updated regularly ...............................57

2.5 PRINT MANAGEMENT................................................................................................................................. 57

2.5.1 Setup ..............................................................................................................................................57

2.5.1.1 Change the default printer from an installed printer list.........................................................57

2.5.1.2 Install a new printer on the computer .....................................................................................58

2.5.2 Print Outputs .................................................................................................................................59

2.5.2.1 Print a document from a text editing program........................................................................592.5.2.2 View a print jobs progress using a Desktop print manager................................................... 60

2.5.2.3 Pause, re-start, delete a print job using a Desktop print manager........................................... 60




6/65

1

Module 2 - Using the Computer and Managing Files(using Windows 2000)

2.1 Computer Environment

A little knowledge goes a long way read this section first!

Most operations within Windows can be achieved in two ways: The hard way and the easy way.Which would you choose? Read the basic techniques in this section and remember them.

Which mouse button?

Normally you use the left mouse button. Thus to select something click on it with the left mousebutton. In this training manual when an instruction says use the mouse button, unless otherwisespecified, it is always the left mouse button.

"Select then manipulate"

While using Windows when you want to do something you have to tell Windows what you areintending to edit or manipulate. You need to select something first before you can manipulate it.Thus if you wish to move an icon on your Windows screen (the Desktop) you will first click on itonce to select it and then use drag and drop techniques to move the icon.

Double clicking

Double clicking means that you click once and then (as fast as you can) click a second time.Double clicking is an acquired art and often the reason that it does not appear to work, is that youmay move the mouse slightly between the first click and the second click. Windows interprets thisas something else. If you are sure that you are clicking fast enough, but nothing happens, then

pay attention to keeping the mouse still between your clicks. As an example of double clicking,double click on the My Computericon located on your Windows screen.

"Drag and drop" moving

The term "drag and drop" basically means "picking" up an item with the mouse and dragging it to anew location. This could apply to moving an icon from one location on the screen to another

position, or to physical files on your hard disk being dragged from one folder to another. To drag and drop an item you first have to click on it (with the normal, left hand mouse button).

This selects the item. You then depress the left hand mouse button and while keeping the buttondepressed move the mouse pointer on the screen to a new location. When you let go of themouse button, whatever you are dragging will be moved to the new location.

In short, drag and drop is an easy way of moving (or copying) selected items.




7/65

2

"Drag and drop" copying

This is basically the same as drag and drop moving, except that you end up with a copy of theitem you are dragging, at the new location. To copy rather than move, depress the Control (Ctrl)key as you are dragging with the mouse.

Multiple selection techniques

You click on something to select it. However, once something is selected and you then click onsomething else, the second item becomes selected, while the first item is de-selected. This wouldbe true of say selecting an icon on your Windows screen. To select multiple items, keep theControl (Ctrl) depressed while you are selecting items and they will all remain selected when yourelease the Control key after selecting all the required items.

The other (right) mouse button

Once you have selected something, you often find that right clicking on the selected item displaysa popup menu that relates directly to the selected item.

Thus if you right click on an empty part of your Window screen, you will see a popup menu thatwill allow you to customize your Windows Desktop. In other situations, a different popup menu

would be displayed.

What is the "Desktop"? The Windows Desktop will look something like this




8/65

3

What is the Start Button?

A single click of the left-hand mouse button on the Start button will display the Start menu.

A single click of the right-hand mouse button will display a popup menu containing the optionsOpen, Explore and Find.

Open: The contents of the Start menu can be viewed. Folders and icons can be deleted, copied,and moved using drag and drop techniques.

Explore: Will invoke the powerful Windows Explorer. The Windows Explorer can display ahierarchical representation of the entire system and permit further Desktop manipulation andconfiguration.

Search: Will invoke the Windows file searching utility from which you may search for any fileeither by its name or by its actual content.

The Start Menu The Start menu contains the various categories where your applications and work are stored. You

can move further into the various sub-categories by positioning the mouse over the category youare interested in to automatically open the next sub-category (you do not even have to click themouse).

TIP: If you drag an object either from the Desktop or from the Windows Explorer and drop itdirectly onto the Start button a link to that object will automatically appear in the Start menu.

To display the Start menu

Click on the Start Button located at the bottom left of your screen.




9/65

4

Start Menu options

PROGRAMS: From the Programs category, you have access to all sub-groups that you create, orwhich may be created automatically by application installation routines.

TIP: You can easily add your own sub-categories to the Programs category by initially clicking theStart button with the right-hand mouse button and selecting the Open command. The view willnow expand to display the contents of each of the categories as a window. The creation ofadditional folders and program icons can be performed easily whilst in this view.

Finally, when complete, close off the windowed view and click on the Start button with the left-hand mouse button - your newly created folders and icons will now appear within the Start menuitself.

DOCUMENTS: The Documents section within the Start menu contains a list of the last 15documents that were opened directly from your Desktop. Simply select the document you wish tocontinue working on and Windows will automatically launch the associated application and openthe file. Document files that are opened within some older applications (typically by selecting theFile/Open command within the application) will not be displayed here.

SETTINGS: By selecting Settings from within the Start menu, you can directly access the ControlPanel and Printers folders. Being able to access the core system configuration utilities in this wayis particularly useful when an application is already in the foreground and you want to make aquick change. In this scenario simply press Ctrl+Esc to invoke the Start menu over the top of yourapplication and click on Settings.

SEARCH: Allows you to search for items such as files of text within files.

HELP: Allows you to learn more about how to use Windows

RUN: The Run option provides a text entry box for you to type the name and location of the fileyou wish to run. Clicking on Browse will allow you to search all local and network drives for files,this is particularly useful if you are unsure of the exact filename or path; you can also run

executable files. Running document files will run the associated' program and then display thedocument within the correct program.

The Other Mouse Button

Windows makes extensive use of the right-hand mouse button to extend the functionality ofprevious versions of Windows. As the Windows Desktop is now, object-based, clicking any object(even the Desktop itself) will display a special object menu containing key configurationinformation and controls. A key emphasis of the design of Windows is to encourage users tointeract in a more object-oriented way than ever before. Use of the right-hand mouse buttonfurther extends this process; once in an application the right-hand mouse button can take onadditional functionality to make the application more powerful.

To use the right-hand mouse button

Click on any object with the right-hand mouse button.

A popup menu will be displayed.

The contents of the menu will depend upon the object on which you clicked. Even clicking on theDesktop itself will open a popup menu.




10/65

5

What are property sheets?

Property sheets are similar to dialog boxes and allow you to see all the information regarding howthe selected object is configured. They can be accessed by clicking on the object required with theright-hand mouse button.

To open a property sheet

Click on the object whose properties you wish to change with the right-hand mouse button andthen select the Properties command to display the property sheet pertaining to the objectselected. When you have finished click on OK to close the property sheet and accept thechanges, select Apply to accept the changes without closing the property sheet, or select Cancelto cancel the operation.

To open property sheets, using the mouse

Depress the Alt key and then double click on the object whose property sheet you wish to view.Release the Alt key.

Drag and Drop techniques Windows fully supports the ability to drag and drop objects. Using the drag and drop feature

makes many system operations much more logical. For example, you can copy files from onefolder to another in Windows Explorer simply by picking up the object you want to copy, dragging itwith the mouse button, and releasing the mouse button to drop it into the new folder.

2.1.1 First Steps with the Computer

2.1.1.1 Start the computer.

To turn the computer on

Ensure that all cables are plugged securely into the rear of the machine. Make sure that there isno disc inserted in the floppy drive. Locate the power switch and turn the computer on. After a fewseconds, you should see something on the screen. If not, ensure that the monitor is switched on.

2.1.1.2 Shut down the computer using an appropriate routine.

To properly shutdown the computer

Save any files, you may have been working on and close any open applications. Use the ShutDown (accessed via the Start button) command to close down the system. Do not switch themachine off until the computer says it is safe to do so.




11/65

6

The Start Button - Shut Down

The Shut Down option allows the user to close down the Windows operating system cleanly, sothat any unsaved data may be saved to your hard disk. Several options are available whenshutting the system down: Click on the down arrow to display the options available.

Log off: Allows you to log off as the current user. The PC will not shut down. Later you can logback on, or another user may log on.

Shut down: Saves any unsaved data to disk and closes the system.

Restart: Saves any unsaved data to disk and totally restarts the system.

Stand by: Places your computer in power saving stand by mode. To re-awaken your computersimply press a key or move the mouse. NOTE: Not all PCs support this feature.

2.1.1.3 Restart the computer using an appropriate routine.

To restart your computer

Never just switch off your Windows based computer. You must always shutdown using the ShutDown command. (Click on the Start icon and select Shut Down). If you wish to shutdown yourcomputer and then immediately restart it then you can select the Restart option from the Shutdown dialog box.




12/65


13/65

8

What is RAM?

When you load Windows into memory, it is these RAM chips that you are loading Windows into.When you load an application program, again it is these RAM chips that you are loading theprograms into. To see how much memory you have on your PC, look at the computer monitorscreen when you switch on the PC and you will see numbers counting up (normally displayed inthe top left-hand portion of the screen). These chips are often physically arranged in rows on asmall board, which in turn clips onto the system board. These boards are often referred to asSIMMs (Single In-line Memory Modules).

What is a CPU?

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is responsible for all calculations performed within the PC. Itdetermines how fast the PC will run and what systems will run on it. Additionally, it gets involved ina host of other activities, such as overseeing the transfer of data from the hard disk into RAM. Anexample of a CPU is the Intel Pentium CPU.

To view your system properties

Right click on the My Computericon to display a popup menu.

Select the Properties command from the popup menu. This will display the System Propertiesdialog box as illustrated. Information displayed includes the version of Windows installed, CPUtype and the amount of RAM.




14/65

9

2.1.2.2 Change the computer's Desktop configuration: date & time, volume settings, Desktop displayoptions (colour settings, screen pixel resolution, screen saver options).

To customize the Windows background

The background screen (Desktop) of Windows can be fully customized to display a colour orimage of your choice. If necessary close any programs that may be running. Right-click on an

empty part of the Windows Desktop (i.e. the screen). This will display a popup menu, from whichyou need to click on the Properties command (using the normal, left-hand mouse button).

Clicking on the Properties command will display the Display Properties dialog box.

THE FOLLOWING TABS ARE AVAILABLE: -

Background: Includes options for selecting an image to be used as background wallpaper.

Screen Saver: Choice of screen saver to be used and monitor power conservation options (ifsupported by the monitor).




15/65

10

Appearance: Color schemes for all windows components such as Title Bars, Icons, MessageBoxes etc.

Web: Allows you to configure your active Desktop to work more like a web page.

Effects: Allows you to set visual effects.

Settings: Allows you to set the number of colors used by your system and also to set the screenresolution.

Why use a screen saver?

The purpose of a screen saver is to change or blank the screen after a certain period of inactivity.Before the idea of screen savers caught on images that were displayed constantly often becamepermanently burnt into the monitor.




16/65

11

To select a screen saver

Click the Screen Savertab from the Display Properties dialog box and select a screen saverfrom the Screen Saverdrop down list box.

To set Desktop schemes

All screen elements, such as the Title Bar, can be configured with a selection of differentschemes. Click the Appearance tab in the Display Properties dialog box. From here you canchoose from a selection of different schemes.

What is the Control Panel?

The Control Panel window contains numerous icons that allow you to control your system. Theparticular icons that you see on your own PC may be slightly different from those illustrated,because you may have different hardware installed, and may or may not be connected to anetwork or modem. You may also have different Windows options installed. When Windows isinstalled you can opt for a full installation of every single feature, or a cut down version ofWindows. If you do not have access to a modem, there is little point in installing Fax Modemfeatures.

To open the Windows Control Panel

Click on the Start button. Move the mouse up to point to Settings. From the submenu, click onControl Panel.




17/65

12

To change the Date and Time

The current Date, Time and Time Zone information can be set from the Date/Time icon within theControl Panel.

Click on the appropriate date or use the controls to change the month or year. The time can alsobe changed by using the up and down arrows.

To change the Time Zone

Display the Date/TimeProperties dialog box, and then select the Time Zone tab.

Select the appropriate Time Zone from the drop down list.

NOTE: Changing the date and time information within Windows will update the battery poweredclock in your system.




18/65

13

To configure the volume setting

This may vary from system to system, but within the Control Panel you will normally find aSounds and Multimedia icon. Double clicking on this icon will often allow you to access a volumecontrol for your particular multimedia system.

You may also see a small icon relating to the volume settings in the taskbar, as illustrated. Doubleclicking on this icon may also allow you to access volume settings.

To configure the mouse

Mouse configuration within the Control Panel is activated by double clicking on the Mouse icon.

Select options as required.




19/65

14

2.1.2.3 Set, change keyboard language.

To set the language used by the keyboard

Click on the Start menu and from the popup menu displayed, select Control Panel.

Within the Control Panel dialog box, double click on the Keyboard icon.

Within the Keyboard Properties dialog box that is now displayed select the Input Locales tab.

Select the required language from the list displayed. If you wish to add another language, click onthe Add button, and select the required language. Notice that you can see both the Input Localesand the Keyboard layout.

Click on the OK button and close any open dialog boxes.

2.1.2.4 Format removable disk media: diskette, Zip disk.

To format a diskette (floppy disk)

Place a blank diskette (floppy disk), or a diskette that contains information that you no longer wishto keep, into your PCs diskette drive.

WARNING: If you format a diskette containing valuable data you will loose that data for

good. - BE WARNED!




20/65

15

Right click on the Start button and from the popup menu displayed, select Explore.

If necessary scroll up the Windows Explorer window until you can see the 3 1/2 Floppy [A:] icon,as illustrated.

Click on the 3 1/2 Floppy [A:] icon to select it.

Right click on the 3 1/2 Floppy [A:] icon and from the popup menu, displayed select the Formatcommand, as illustrated.

You will see a dialog box. Clicking on the Start button will start formatting your diskette.

NOTE: For more reliable results DO NOT use the Quick Format option from the Formatoptionsection of the dialog box.




21/65

16

To format a removable drive

Some types of removable disks have their own software for formatting the disks, while others usethe format command within Windows, in which case you would use a similar process used toformat a diskette (floppy drive), i.e. select the drive within the Windows Explorer, right click, andfrom the popup menu displayed, select the Format command).

2.1.2.5 Install, uninstall a software application.

Installing a software application

Most application programs are now supplied on CD-ROM. To install the software contained on theCD, simply insert the disk and it should start automatically. These days most installation routineslook the same and you only need to follow the on-screen instructions. Often you have to supply apassword (in the case of Microsoft software these passwords are getting ludicrously long)

Uninstalling a software application

Some applications place an uninstall routine within the Windows Start menu. If the applicationdoes not do this you can normally use the Add or remove utility contained within the Windows

Control Panel.

2.1.2.6 Use keyboard print screen facility and paste contents into a document.

To use the Print Screen facility

If you press the Print Screen key, then the entire screen will be copied to the Windows Clipboard.Once in the Clipboard, you can switch to a program, such as a word processor, and then click onthe Edit drop down menu, and select the Paste command. The contents of the screen will then bedisplayed within your word processing document. An example is shown below.




22/65

17

In the example shown, we could have just copied the active window, by pressing Alt+PrintScreen, as illustrated.

2.1.2.7 Use available Help functions.

Learning about Windows

When you start Windows it may display a Getting Started dialog box, as illustrated. You can usethe Discover Windows option to learn about how to use Windows.

NOTE: You will normally need the Windows installation disk to be inserted into your CD-ROM/DVD drive for this tour to work. If you do not have the CD in your drive you may see thefollowing dialog box displayed.

If this feature is not displayed automatically, you can start it manually. Click on the Start button;select Programs, Accessories, System Tools and finally Getting Started.




23/65

18

Help within the Start Menu

The on-line Help feature in Windows is easy to learn and to use. When you select Help from theStart menu, the Windows Help dialog box is displayed. Click on items of interest to learn more.

You may print out Help topics, which may be useful for long involved Help explanations, or foritems that provide Help for actions you perform regularly, but are not very good at remembering.

You can click on the Search tab and enter a keyword (or phrase) to find specific help with aproblem. In the example shown we entered 'keyboard shortcuts' and pressed the Enterkey.

Double clicking on the following option will display the required help, as illustrated.




24/65

19

To obtain Help using the F1 key

Pressing the F1 key will launch the Help facility for whichever window is in focus when you pressthe F1 key. For example, if you are at the Windows Desktop when F1 is pressed, Windows willautomatically invoke the Help index that is also accessible from the Start menu.

However, if you are working in an application like a word processor when F1 is pressed theapplication will launch its own specific Help facility. An example is illustrated, using Microsoft

Word.

To obtain What's This Help

Many windows display a small question mark icon in the top-right hand corner of the window.

Click on the Help icon and the mouse pointer will change to have a question mark displayedbeside it.

Click on the item within the dialog you require help on and a small help popup will be displayed.To close the help popup, click the left mouse button.




25/65

20

Using Wizards

The various Wizards to be found within Windows can be thought of as an extension of the Helpfacility. Wizards can be used to guide you to a particular end result whether it is a productinstallation or the creation of a complex document. An example of using a Wizard is illustratedwhen installing a printer within Windows.

2.1.3 Text Editing

2.1.3.1 Launch a text editing application. Open, create a file.

What is WordPad?

The WordPad is like a cut down free version of Microsoft Word. It is supplied free with Windowsand is located in the Accessories group within the Start menu. It is not nearly as sophisticated asWord, but is useful for creating simple documents and can even allow you to use pictures withyour text.

To start WordPad

Click on the Start button.

Move the mouse pointer to Programs and select Accessories from the submenu.

Click on WordPad, as illustrated.

To enter text into WordPad

Simply start typing. WordPad opens up with a blank document by default.




26/65

21

To save a WordPad file

From the File drop down menu, select Save, which displays the Save As dialog box

ORclick on the Save icon.

In the Save In section, select the location you wish to save the file to (i.e. on your local harddisk(s), on a diskette, or on a network drive). Clicking on the down arrow next to the Save Insection will display a drop down list.

Enter the file name as required. By default, the file is saved in Word for Windows 6.0 format. If youwish to save it in a different format, click on the drop down arrow next to the Save as type box todisplay the following drop down list. Click on the Save button to save the file.

To create a new document within WordPad

From the File drop down menu select the New commandORclick on the New icon.

The New dialog box will be displayed as illustrated. Select the required format (or simply use theWord 6 default) and then click on the OK button.




27/65

22

To open an existing WordPad file

Either from the File drop down menu select the Open commandORclick on the Open icon. The Open dialog box will be displayed as illustrated. As when saving afile, select the correct location and enter a file name. Click on the Open button.

2.1.3.2 Save the file to a location on a drive.

To save a file to a specific folder (directory) When you use a Microsoft application, such as Word, PowerPoint or Excel, then by default the

files that you save will be saved in a folder called My Documents. Thus clicking on the Save iconwithin the application will display a dialog box similar to that illustrated.

You may of course wish to save your files in a different folder (or even a different disk on adifferent computer connected to your computer network).

Clicking on the Up One Level icon displayed within the Save As dialog box will take you up onefolder level.

The root folder is the highest-level folder, and all other folders on your disk form a tree structureunder this folder.




28/65

23

When you are in the root folder you may double click on any folder that you see displayed to movedown a level, to that folder level. Thus in the example shown, double clicking on the_weblitefolder would be displayed as follows. Clicking on the Save button now would save the file in thisfolder.

Creating a new folder in which to save your document

Click on the Create New Foldericon, displayed within the Save As dialog box. This will displaythe New Folderdialog box. Enter the name of the new folder, and then click on the OK button Thefolder will be created under the current folder..

2.1.3.3 Close the text editing application

To close an editing application

Click on the application's Close icon, (represented by a cross, at the top-right corner of theapplication window)

2.2 Desktop

2.2.1 Work with Icons

2.2.1.1 Recognize Desktop icons such as those representing: files, directories/folders, applications,printers, recycle bin/wastebasket.

The My Computer icon

When you double click on the My Computer Desktop icon it displays a window containing anumber of further icons.

The drive icons are illustrated below.




29/65

24

When you double click on one of the drive icons they will display the files and folders within thedrive that you double clicked on, as illustrated.

Double clicking on any of these folders, will display the files within the folders, as illustrated.

To view the contents of any of these files, double click on the required icon and the files will loadwithin the associated program. In the example illustrated the Microsoft Word program would loadinto memory to display the file contents.

The Recycle Bin / Wastebasket

The Recycle Bin is a Desktop icon that contains files that have recently been deleted. It is there forsafety reasons. In early versions of Windows when you deleted a file, there was no easy way toget the file back if you subsequently changed your mind. As files are moved to the Recycle Binrather than physically deleted this allows you to change your mind and retrieve deleted files.Beware: - Deleted files will not stay in the Recycle Bin forever.

2.2.1.2 Select and move Desktop icons.

To select a Desktop icon

To select a Desktop icon, single click on the required icon. Once selected the icon will behighlighted, as illustrated.

To move a Desktop icon

Select the icon that you wish to move. Depress the left mouse button and while keeping itdepressed, drag the icon to the new location on the Desktop, as required. Release the mousebutton.




30/65

25

To copy a Desktop icon

Select the icon that you wish to copy.

Depress the Control key (and keep it depressed).

Depress the left mouse button and while keeping it depressed, drag the icon to the new locationon the Desktop, as required.

Release the mouse button. Release the Control key.

To customize your Desktop icon alignment

Right-click on the Desktop to display the Desktop popup menu.

Click on the Arrange Icons command, which displays the Arrange Icons submenu. Click on thedesired type of icon arrangement.

By Name: Icons are arranged on your Desktop by name, alphabetically.

By Type: Icons are arranged on your Desktop by object type.

By Size: Icons are arranged on your Desktop by size.

By Date: Icons are arranged on your Desktop by the date that the object was created.

Auto Arrange: Icons are re-arranged on your Desktop automatically each time you drag an iconfrom one part of the Desktop to another.

You may also select the Line up Icons command, which lines up icons.

2.2.1.3 Open a file, directory/folder, application from the Desktop.

To open a Desktop object

To open a Desktop object, double click on its icon.




31/65

26

2.2.1.4 Create a Desktop shortcut icon or a Desktop menu alias.

To create a Desktop shortcut icon

Minimize or close any programs that may be running. Click on the Start icon. Select Programs.

Select the program that you wish to use for creating a Desktop icon. In this example we will selectthe Calculator, contained within the Accessories group.

Depress the Control+Shift keys, and while keeping these keys depressed, drag the icon to theDesktop.

Release the Control+Shift keys. The shortcut icon will be created and displayed on the Desktop.

2.2.2 Work with Windows

2.2.2.1 Identify the different parts of a window: title bar, menu bar, toolbar, status bar, scroll bar.

What is the Title Bar?

The Title Bar is displayed along the top of almost all program, folder and dialog box windows. It isused to display information such as the name of the application (or folder) and the document youare working on. Information that is displayed here may vary. For example, the example shows thetitle bar for a program called MicrosoftWord, in which a document called PM-Windows-2000 v2has been opened or saved.

The Menu bar

The Menu Bar contains a series of drop down menus. The example shown illustrates the MicrosoftWord menu Bar.

The Tool Bar

The tool bar contains a series of icons, which allow you to achieve a desired effect as quickly as

possible. For example in the Microsoft Word Formatting toolbar illustrated, clicking on the Boldicon (i.e. the icon displaying the letter B), would make the selected text, bold.




32/65

27

The Status Bar

Most application windows have a status bar displayed along the bottom of the window. In theexample illustrated, taken from Microsoft Word, the status bar conveys information about the pagewithin the document that you are working on, along with other relevant information.

What is the scroll bar?

When a program or folder needs to display information within a window two sets of scroll bars maybe displayed along the bottom and right side of the window. By using the scroll bars it is possibleto move to any position within a document and also work on a document many times bigger thanyour physical screen size.

To move up and down within a window (using the scroll bar)

To scroll upwards in a window, click on the upwards-pointing arrow at the top of the vertical scrollbar.

To move downwards in a window, click on the downwards-pointing arrow at the bottom of thevertical scroll bar.

To move right to left within a window

To move to the right-hand side of a window, click on the right-hand arrow on the horizontal scrollbar.

To move to the left-hand side of a window, click on the left-hand arrow on the horizontal scroll bar.

To scroll through a window at speed

Click on the scroll box and drag the small shaded box up and down the vertical scroll bar.




33/65

28

2.2.2.2 Collapse, expand, resize, move, close a window.

Maximize, Minimize, Restore and Close Buttons

The Maximize, Minimize and Restore buttons are located in the top, right-hand corner of everywindow. When you click on the Maximize button the window expands to fill the screen, theMinimize button reduces the window to an icon on the Taskbar and the Restore button returns thewindow to its original state. The functionality that can be achieved from each button is as follows:

To minimize a window

Click on the Minimize icon.

To maximize a window

Click on the Maximize icon

To restore a maximized object to run in a window

Click on the Restore icon

Restoring a window from the Task Bar by single clicking on it

Within Windows, all windows that have been minimized are reduced down to the Task Bar. In theexample shown, Microsoft Word has been minimized and is displayed within the Task Bar. If youwish to restore the Microsoft Word window, simply click on the MicrosoftWord button in the TaskBar.

To make a Desktop window taller or shorter

Move the mouse pointer to either of the horizontal borders.

Depress the left-hand mouse button (and keep it depressed).

Drag the mouse pointer up or down the screen.

Release the mouse button when the window is the size and shape required.

To make a Desktop window narrower or wider Move the mouse pointer to either of the vertical borders.


Drag the mouse pointer to the left or right across the screen.





34/65

29

To resize a Desktop window in two directions at once

Move the mouse pointer to any corner of the window.


Drag the mouse pointer diagonally across the screen.


What is the Close button used for?

The Close button is located in the top, right-hand corner of every program or folder window. Itallows you to close the current window in the same way as double clicking on the small Controlmenu icon (found in the top, left-hand corner of each window) but only requires a single mouseclick. If you have any un-saved work, Windows will first ask if you want to save your changesbefore final termination of the application.

To close a program using the Close button

Move the mouse pointer to the Close button and click once using the left-hand mouse button.

To close a window using the keyboard

Press Alt+F4.

2.2.2.3 Switch between open windows.

Switching between programs

To switch between open application widows, simply click on the application icon, as displayed inthe Windows Taskbar (normally displayed across the bottom of your screen). Alternatively you canuse the keyboard shortcut Alt+Tab.




35/65

30

2.3 Managing Files

2.3.1 Concepts

2.3.1.1 Understand how an operating system shows drives, folders, files in a hierarchical structure.

What are Drives, Folders and Files?

When accessing a hard disk, whether it is local to your machine or perhaps located on a network,Windows uses a system of drive letters to serve as logical pointers to the different physical drivesyou have access to. From each drive letter it is possible to access all of your files stored on thatparticular physical drive.

If all of the files were held together in one place on each drive, the system would be very difficult touse because of the sheer number of files involved. To help organize your files it is possible tocreate folders (also referred to as directories) to help divide and even sub-divide the files storedwithin the various logical drives available. A system of hierarchical folders within folders thatrepresent your hard disk are often referred to as the directory tree, in the same way the very top ofthe file system is known as the root directory.

Finally, at the very end of this structure are the various files that we use. Each file name can be up

to 255 characters in length.

The Explorer Window

The Windows Explorer permits you to explore all aspects of your system using a hierarchical view.

The Windows Explorer window is split into two separate views as depicted above. On the left-handside you can see all system folders (both Desktop and file system), whilst on the right-hand sidethe contents are displayed.

In addition to browsing your file system it is also possible to perform many

administrative tasks such as:- Create a new folder or shortcut- Undo the last file system task performed- Edit the Properties of any file or object- Map or disconnect a network drive- Edit file associations and actions




36/65

31

The Windows Explorer Toolbars

If you have used Internet Explorer the new Toolbars in Windows Explorer should already befamiliar. By default the Standard and Address Bar Toolbars are displayed, you can also choose todisplay the Links Toolbar.

Standard Toolbar icons

Open the folder that was previously on view.

Open the sub-folder that you previously viewed.

Allows you to display a folder 'one level up'.

Allows you to move the selected item to a different location.

Allows you to copy the selected item to a different location.

Deletes the selected files/folders.

Reverse your last command.Allows you to select a different display view.

Thumbnails can be useful when viewing picture files.

To view the contents of a folder (displayed on right)

Within the Windows Explorer single click on the required folder.

To expand a branch one level

Within the Windows Explorer double click on the required folderORsingle click on the plus sign next to the folder.

To open all folders on a disk

Within the Windows Explorer window, click once on the left-hand pane.

Enter an asterisk (*), using the numeric keyboard.

To close all the folders within the Explorer

Within the Windows Explorer window, click once on the left-hand pane.

Enter a minus sign (-), using the numeric keyboard.




37/65

32

To switch drives

Logical drive letters can be changed from the selection window (on the right-hand side of theExplorer). All drive letters will be displayed here including network (mapped) drives and will appeardirectly under the My Computer icon in a hierarchical list.

As each new drive letter is selected, its contents will appear in the contents window.

2.3.1.2 Know that the devices used by an operating system to store files and folders are the hard disk,diskette, CD-ROM, network drives.

Data storage devices

Hard Disk: Stores your operating system, application programs and data. When you save data, itis normally saved to the hard disk.

Diskette: The original IBM PC did not have a hard disk, and the operating system, programs anddata had to be contained in one or two diskettes. Later a hard disk was added, after which pointdiskettes were used for supplying programs that could be installed (i.e. copied) to your hard disk,or you could back up small amounts of data to the diskette.

CD-ROM / DVD: These have largely replaced diskettes as a way of supplying programs. They canhold a lot more data. You can get special types of CD that allow you to save files to the disks.

Network Drives: Your computer sees a network drive as a normal drive (just like your C drive). Inreality the network drive is a folder located on another computer that is connected to the network.

2.3.2 Directories / Folders

2.3.2.1 Navigate to a file, folder on a drive

To open a file from a specified folder on a drive

Start the Windows Explorer program. The way your files and directories (folders) are displayed may vary. In the example shown the

drives are shown in collapsed view.




38/65

33

Double clicking in any of the drive icons will expand the display, as illustrated, in this example,where we have clicked on the A drive.

Files within folders are shown on the right side of the window. In the example shown we haveselected a file called 'The history of the Crystal Radio'.

To open this file, first select it, as illustrated, and then double click on the file.

The necessary program will start automatically, (in this case Microsoft Word). The document willthen be displayed within the application.

2.3.2.2 Create a directory/folder and a further subdirectory/sub-folder.

To create a new folder within the Windows Explorer

Open the Windows Explorer by clicking on the Start button, move the mouse pointer toPrograms, and click on Windows Explorer. Then click on the portion of the directory tree whereyou would like to create a subordinate folder.

Click on the File drop down menu and move the mouse pointer to New. In the submenu displayed,click on Folder. The folders will appear, being given a name determined by Windows. In theexample the folder names are New Folder, New Folder (2) and New Folder (3).




39/65

34

To create folders within folders

Select a folder and then create a new folder within it. The process can be repeated to create asmany levels of folders as required (within reason).

To create a folder directly on the Desktop, using a popup menu

Click the right-hand mouse button anywhere on an empty part of the Desktop surface and theDesktop popup menu will be displayed.

Move the mouse pointer to New and from the submenu select Folder, as illustrated.

You can now use this folder to help organize your Desktop and keep it free from clutter. Everyfolder can contain additional sub-folders.

2.3.2.3 Open a window to display directory/folder name, size, location on drive

To view folder attributes

Open the Windows Explorer. The appearance of the Windows Explorer contents window maybe customized to display file and folder objects in four different views. The different views can beselected via the View drop down menu or by clicking on the Views button.

Large icons: Displays all objects as large icons.

Small icons: Displays all objects as small icons.

List: Displays all files/folders in list format split into multiple columns.

Details: Displays all files and associated file details such as name, size, type, and last accesseddate in a single column.

Thumbnails: Displays picture files as a series of small pictures.




40/65

35

To view folder properties

The basic folder display, when using the Details view looks as illustrated.

If you were to right click on one of the folder icons a popup menu would be displayed, as

illustrated. Select Properties from this menu to display a dialog giving more detailed informationabout this folder.

2.3.3 Working with Files

2.3.3.1 Recognize common file types: word-processing files, spreadsheet files, database files,presentation files, image files, audio files, video files, compressed files, temporary files.

To determine file types

Within the Windows Explorer window each file will be marked with a small icon, as illustrated. Inthe example shown the first file displays an icon representing Microsoft Word, and if you lookalong the line of information about this file, it clearly states (assuming that you are using thedetails mode to view the files) that the file is indeed a Microsoft Word Document. The second fileis marked as a Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation file in the same way.

This indicates that somehow Windows knows what a Word file is and what a PowerPoint file is.This is because when Word and PowerPoint were installed onto the PC the installation programgave Windows information about files that would be created using these packages.

If you were to double click on say, the Word file, the Word program would open up, and the data

file that you double clicked on would be displayed within the Word program. To use the jargon,files created within Word are "associated" with Microsoft Word and all Word document files have afile extension of .doc




41/65

36

In some cases Windows does not have detailed information about certain file types. In theexample illustrated, there are two files and the icons used to display them are the genericWindows default icons. This means that if you were to double click on these files they would notrun or be displayed within a program, for the simple reason that Windows does not know what todo with these files. There is no "file association" for these particular files.

Some more examples:

Note that the icons shown for some of these file types will vary depending on what programs youhave installed on your computer.

The .EXE extension indicates that the file is an executable (program) file.

The .GIF extension means that the file contains an image. GIF files are commonly found on theWeb.

.JPG or .JPEG is another common type of image file.

.HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the format that Web pages are stored in.

.MDB files contain an Access database.

.PDF is used by the Adobe Acrobat program. PDF files contain documents that can be viewed orprinted.

.RTF (Rich Text Format) is used for word processed documents. It is supported by many differentkinds of word processing application so it is useful for converting documents from one program toanother.

.TXT files are simple text only files, commonly created using the Windows Notepad application.

.XLS files contain an Excel Workbook.




42/65

37

Audio and video files

Audio files can be stored in a variety of different file formats, such as .WAV files.Video files formats include: MPG, AVI & WMV.

Compressed files

Compressed files are files that have been compressed using a third party utility such as PKZIP orWINZIP. They often have a file name extension of .ZIP (or sometimes .RAR). File compression isused to make file smaller so that they take up less space on a hard disk and can be transferredfasters over a network/Internet. To be opened they need to be un-compressed first.

Temporary files

Temporary files are created by Windows and also by Windows applications. In some cases, suchas after a system crash (i.e. when Windows freezes and stops working), these temporary files arenot automatically deleted as they are supposed to be (hence the name temporary.). Temporaryfiles often have the file name extension .tmp or .temp.

2.3.3.2 Count the number of files, files of a particular type in a folder (including files in sub-folders).

To count up the number of files within a folder (inc. sub-folders)

Start the Windows Explorer program.

Within the left hand side of the dialog box, select the folder containing the files that you wish tocount up.

Right click on the folder icon and from the popup list displayed, select Properties. A dialog boxwill be displayed. In the Contains section of the dialog box, you will see information relating to thetotal number of files in the selected location.

To count files of a specific type in a folder (which DOES NOT contain sub-folders)

Open the Windows Explorer program and within the left section of the dialog box, select the foldercontaining the file that you wish to count up. This method only works for a selected folder, (and willnot count files within sub-folders)




43/65

38

Click on the View drop down menu, and select the Details command, which will show you files asa details list including information such as name, size, type etc.

Click on the Type header.

You will see the file list is now sorted by file type.

In the example shown, you can see all the GIF files are displayed at the top of the file listing.

To count up these files, click once on the first GIF file.

Press the Shift key (and keep it depressed)

Click on the last GIF file in the list.

Release the Shift key.

Right click over the selected files and from the popup menus displayed, select the Propertiescommand.

Within the dialog box, you will see a count of the number of files selected.




44/65

39

To count files of a specific type in a folder (which DOES contain sub-folders)

Click on the Start icon (bottom-left corner), and select the Search command.

From the submenu displayed, select For Files or Folders. You will see a dialog box displayed.

Use the Look in section of the dialog box to define which folder you are interested in. Within theSearch Options section of the dialog box, click on the Type check box. The display will change

as illustrated.

Click on the down arrow to select the type of file that you are interested in. In the example shownwe have selected Microsoft Word Document file types.

To make sure that sub-folders will be searched, click on the Advanced Options check box.

This will now display a Search Subfolders check box. Make sure that this check box is selected.

Click on the Search Now button, and after the search in complete, the total number of files foundwill be shown in the dialog box Status Bar




45/65

40

2.3.3.3 Change file status: read-only / locked, read write

To view files as a list or as icons

The appearance of the contents window may be customized to display file and folder objects infour different views. The different views can be selected via the View drop down menu or byclicking on the Views button.

- Large icons: Display all objects using large icons.- Small icons: Display all objects using small icons.- List: Display all files in list format split into multiple columns.- Details: Display all files and associated file details such as name, size and type- Thumbnails: Displays pictures are small thumbnail representations.

To view file properties

The basic file display, when using the Details, view looks as illustrated.

If you were to right click on one of the file icons a popup menu would be displayed, as illustrated.Select Properties from this menu to display a dialog box giving more detailed information aboutthis file, as illustrated.




46/65

41

To write protect a file.

Select the file(s) that you wish to write protect.

Right click over the selected file(s), and from the popup menu displayed, select the Propertiescommand.

Within the Attributes section of the dialog box displayed, click on the Ready-only check box, as

required.

Click on the OK button to confirm your actions.

To change a read-only file to a read/write file

Select the file(s) that you wish to remove a write protect attribute from.

Right click over the selected file(s), and from the popup menu displayed, select the Propertiescommand. Within the Attributes section of the dialog box displayed, remove the click on theReady-only check box.

Click on the OK button to confirm your actions.

2.3.3.4 Sort files by name, size, type, date modified.

To sort your Windows Explorer file listing

Open the Windows Explorer program and within the left section of the dialog box, select the foldercontaining the files that you wish to view.

Click on the View drop down menu, and select the Details command, which will show you files asa detailed list including information such as name, size, type etc.

To sort the listing by name, click on the Name header.

To sort the listing by size, click on the Size header. To sort the listing by type, click on the Type header.

To sort the listing by date modified, click on the Modified header.

NOTE: To reverse the sort order, re-click on the header.

2.3.3.5 Understand the importance of maintaining correct file extensions when renaming files.

Why are file extension names important?

Windows uses the file extension name as a clue to what type of file, the file is. Thus Windowsknows that files that end in .TXT are text files. Files that end in DOC are word-processor files.

Files that end in .XLS are spreadsheet files. If you change the file name extension Windows willbecome confused as to what the file format is. NOTE: By default the file name extensions are notdisplayed within the Windows Explorer. To view the file name extensions you will need tocustomize the display.




47/65

42

2.3.3.6 Re-name files and directories/folders.

To rename files or folders using the Explorer

Select the file or folder to be renamed.

From the File drop down menu, select the Rename commandORclick once using the right-hand mouse button to display the popup menu, and click on theRename command.

Enter the new name, and press the Enterkey to confirm the change.

To rename files or folders - the easy way

Within the Windows Explorer click once on the file or folder to select it.

Wait a few moments and then single click again in the file or folder (using the left-hand mousebutton). A box will appear around the file or folder allowing you to directly edit the name. Press theEnterkey to confirm the name change. NOTE: Be careful not to make the second click too soonafter the first click, as Windows may interpret this as a run this file command'.

Beware of re-naming certain files

WARNING: Do not rename files ending in:

EXE COM BAT DLL INI or SYS

These files are normally files used by your computer and you can damage your system byrenaming these types of files.

2.3.4 Duplicate, Move

2.3.4.1 Select a file, directory/folder individually or as a group of adjacent or non-adjacent files,directory/folders.

To select an individual file or folder within the Windows Explorer

Open the Windows Explorer program and if necessary select the folder that contains the file youare interested in. Click on the file that you wish to select.

Not selected, the icon will look like this.

When selected the icon will be highlighted, as illustrated.




48/65

43

To select a continuous block of files

Open the Windows Explorer program and select the folder that you are interested in. Click on thefirst file of the block that you wish to select, and then while depressing the Shift key, click on thelast file of the required block. When you release the Shift key the entire block will remain selected.

To select multiple files that are not in a continuous block

Open the Windows Explorer program and select the folder that you are interested in. Click on thefirst file that you wish to select and while keeping the Ctrl key depressed, click on the other filesthat you wish to select. When you release the Ctrl key, the selected files will continue to be

highlighted.

2.3.4.2 Duplicate files, directories/folders between directories/folders and between drives.

To copy files the hard way using the Windows Explorer

Open the Windows Explorer by clicking on the Start button, move the mouse pointer toPrograms, and click on Windows Explorer. Select the file or directory to be copied.

From the Edit drop down menu, click on Copy

Select the required destination within the Windows Explorer tree.

From the Edit drop down menu, click on Paste

To copy files (the easy way) using the Windows Explorer

Simply highlight the file you wish to copy, and with the CTRL key depressed, drag the file from

one location to another.




49/65

44

2.3.4.3 Move files, directories/folders between directories/folders and drives.

To use Cut and Paste to move files from one folder to another

In the example shown we have two folders, called Folder One and Folder Two.

Folder one contains three files called:fileone.doc, filetwo.doc and filethree.doc.

In this example we wish to move the files contained within the folder called folder one to foldertwo.

First we need to select the files that we wish to move. Depress the Ctrl key, and while keeping itdepressed click on the three files. When the Ctrl key is released the three files remain selected.

Now right click and from the popup menu displayed select the Cut command.

Next click on the folder that you wish to move the files to, i.e. Folder two. Right click on this folderand from the popup menu displayed, select the Paste command.




50/65

45

The selected files will appear in the new folder. We have cut and pasted (i.e. moved) them fromone folder to another.

To use "drag and drop" to move files from one folder to another - Moving the easy way

In the example shown we have two folders, called Folder One and Folder Two. Folder onecontains three files called:fileone.doc, filetwo.doc and filethree.doc.

In this example we wish to move the files continued within the folder called folder one to foldertwo.

First we need to select the files that we wish to move. Depress the Shift key, and while keeping itdepressed click on the three files. When the Shift key is released the three files remain selected.

Use the mouse to drag the selected files to the folder called folder two. You will notice that arepresentation of the files is displayed when you move the mouse pointer on screen, as illustrated.

NOTE: Had you wanted to copy the files rather than move them you would have depressed theControl key while dragging and dropping.




51/65

46

2.3.4.4 Understand why making a backup copy of files to a removable storage device is important

Why do you need to back up your computer?

The most important thing that you store on your computer is information. Often the contents of ahard disk can represent years of work. If the hard disk stops working one day you could lose allthose years of work. For this reason it is VITAL that you take regular backups of the informationthat is stored on the computer. In large organizations this backup procedure is normally performedautomatically by your computer support team, where the data is normally held on a centralized,networked computer. In smaller organizations, it is often up to the individual to organize some sortof data backup. If nothing else is available, copy your files to a floppy disk and make sure thatthese backup disks are stored away from the computer, ideally off-site. If there is a fire and youroffice burns down, if your backup disks are stored next to the computer they too will beincinerated.

Why you should use 'off-site' storage

It is no good backing up your data, only to leave the item that you backed up to next to thecomputer. If someone steals your computer, it is likely that they will also steal your backups if youhave left them next to the computer. If you have a fire, then again you will lose your backups if the

backups are stored next to the computer. Ideally, backups should be stored off-site at a safelocation. At the very least, consider storing your backups in a fireproof safe, which will give someprotection against fire damage.

To copy files to a diskette

Open the Windows Explorer and select the file(s) you wish to copy to a diskette.

Click once using the right-hand mouse, to display the popup menu as illustrated.

Click on the Send To command, and then select 3 1/2 Floppy [A] from the submenu displayed.

BEWARE: Floppy disks are not the most reliable form of backup. Be sure to store any databacked up to a floppy disk in a safe place away from heat and magnetic fields. Also store yourbackup disks in a different location from your computer.

2.3.5 Delete, Restore

2.3.5.1 Delete files, directories/folders to the recycle bin / wastebasket.

To delete a file or folder

Files or folders can easily be deleted from the Windows Explorer. Use this facility with care.Many files that you can see using the Windows Explorer are vital to the correct functioning ofWindows.

Remember that the Windows Explorer program in common with many Windows programs has anUndo Delete command, located under the Edit drop down menu.




52/65

47

Click on the Start button and move the mouse pointer to Programs. From the submenudisplayed, click on Windows Explorer.

Select the file or folder that you wish to delete.

Press the Delete key on the keyboard.

From the popup menu, click on Delete, which displays the dialog box illustrated.

Confirm your deletion.

NOTE: All files deleted via the Windows Explorer move to the Recycle Bin before being finallypurged, and so remain salvageable for quite a long time.

To delete files (rather than sending them to the Recycle Bin)

Select the file you wish to completely delete from your computer system. Press Shift+Del, which will display the warning dialog box illustrated.

Click on theYes button and the file will be physically removed from your hard disk.

NOTE: This dialog box does NOT send the file to the Recycle Bin. It deletes the file from disk.BEWARE!

To delete a folder

Use exactly the same method that you would use for deleting a file. I.e. select the folder and pressthe Delete key.

The Recycle Bin and deleted files

Normally when you delete a file it is moved to the Recycle Bin. Files are held in the Recycle Binfor some time, and you may well find that you will be able to recover deleted files from theRecycle Bin.




53/65

48

2.3.5.2 Restore files, directories/folders from a recycle bin/wastebasket.

To view the contents of the Recycle Bin and to restore deleted files

Double click on the Recycle Bin icon (located on your Windows Desktop, i.e. background screen),and the Recycle Bin window illustrated will be displayed.

Select any files/directories that you wish to restore.

Click on the File drop down menu and select the Restore command.

To restore, i.e. undelete files that are contained within the Recycle Bin

Double click on the Recycle Bin to open the Recycle Bin window and then select the file(s) thatyou wish to restore.

Click on the File drop down menu within the Recycle Bin window, and select the Restorecommand, as illustrated.

This will automatically restore the file to the disk location from which it was deleted. NOTE: If thefolder that contained the file was also deleted, then Windows will also automatically restore thefolder.

2.3.5.3 Empty the recycle bin / wastebasket.

To empty the Recycle Bin

Double-click on the Recycle Bin icon.

From the File drop down menu, click on the Empty Recycle Bin command.

NOTE: To delete only certain files/directories, depress the CTRL key (and keep it depressed).Click on the files you wish to delete from the Recycle Bin, and then release the Ctrl key. Finally,from the File drop down menu, click on the Delete command.




54/65

49

2.3.6 Searching

2.3.6.1 Use the Find tool to locate a file or a directory/folder

The Start Button - Search

The Search utility allows you to search for files by name, part of a name, contents, and even bydate of file creation. You may also search for a particular type of file such as searching for all wavesound files (ending in an extension of .WAV). Lastly you can search for a file contai

Date post:	10-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	memo-yassin
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times