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ECE 5367 – Presentation
Prepared by:Prepared by:
Adnan KhanAdnan Khan
Pulin PatelPulin Patel
Carlos ReyesCarlos Reyes
Abbas ZaidiAbbas Zaidi
Pritesh PatelPritesh Patel
What is …
Automatic recognition of a person using distinguishing traits
MeasurableMeasurable: quantifying traits
RobustnessRobustness: extent to which trait changes over time
DistinctivenessDistinctiveness: measure of variations among patterns over a population
Biometrics as Authentication…
Something you have – card, tokenSomething you have – card, token
Something you know – PIN, Something you know – PIN, passwordpassword
Incr
easi
ng le
vel o
f se
curity
Incr
easi
ng c
onve
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Something you are – BiometricSomething you are – Biometric
Definition (contd.)Definition (contd.) IdentificationIdentification
Who is Who? “one-to-many” search (1:N) Used in identifying criminals
VerificationVerification Is this Him/Her? “one-to-one” search (1:1) Used for physical or computer access
Biometric Biometric Technologies…Technologies… FingerprintFingerprint
Fingerprint pattern read & matched electronically
Iris RecognitionIris Recognition Measurement of the Iris pattern of the eye
Facial RecognitionFacial Recognition Recording spatial geometry of
distinguishing features Speaker/Voice RecognitionSpeaker/Voice Recognition
Voice or speaker recognition uses vocal characteristics for identification
Facial Recognition Based on ability to recognize faces Nodal points
80 nodal points on the face E.g.: Distance between eyes, width of
nose, Cheekbones, Chin etc “Face-Print” – code of the face
Numerical Code String of numbers
Facial Recognition (contd.)
AlgorithmAlgorithm1) Capture Image1) Capture Image
2) Find 2) Find FaceFace on the image on the image
3) Extract Features 3) Extract Features (to generate template)(to generate template)
4) Compare Templates 4) Compare Templates
5) Declare Matches5) Declare MatchesShow Example
Fingerprint
Formation of a unique signature Combination of Environmental and Genetic Factors :
Position of foetus, density of amniotic fluid, DNA’s impact on each ridge
The lowest mis-identification rate after Iris recognition
Three main methods of capturing finger print :1) Thermal Imaging2) Capacitance Scanner3) Optical Reader
Thermal Imaging Sensor
The sensor uses the heat patterns of the finger to create slices of a person's fingerprint
Each slice is then lined up using centering techniques
Capacitance and Optical
Capacitance Sensing :The plates act as capacitorsFinger acts as third plateCapacitance under ridge higherCapacitance under valley lower
Optical Sensing :Uses Charged Coupled Devices (CCD). An Array of photosites which allow a current to flow through when hit by photons. Darker areas are valleys and lighter areas are ridges.
Analysis of the Prints
Typica :
1) Minutiae Placement of ridges and
valleys
2) Bifurcations Splitting of lines into two andtheir recombining
Iris Recognition BackgroundBackground
Identifying persons without physical contact
Used by the U.S. government, correctional facilities, nuclear utilities, banks, etc.
The iris is the externally visible, colorful, donut-shaped organ surrounding the pupil of the eye.
Iris Recognition cont’d…(2) Uniqueness of the IrisUniqueness of the Iris
The iris is unique because of the morphogenesis of that organ.
Stability of the IrisStability of the Iris An iris is not normally contaminated with
foreign material (eyeglasses or contact lenses.)
It is not subject to deleterious effects of aging. The features of the iris remain stable and fixed from about one year of age until death.
Iris Recognition cont’d…(3)
Hamming Distance Calculation Hamming Distance Calculation
Recognition SpeedRecognition Speed Determined by the speed of the processor
and size of the database (normally less than two seconds).
Sunglasses and colored contact lenses pose no impediment to recognition.
Biggest AdvantagesBiggest Advantages Accuracy with an order of magnitude
greater than other biometric systems.
Iris Recognition cont’d…(4)
Voice Recognition
Automated process of identifying a specific individual's voice
Sound signal is digitized Result is a simple yes/no decision Deployed in such areas as
banking, account access, home PC and network access
Voice Recognition (cont…)
AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to use and require no special
training
No need to periodically manage/change passwords
Relatively inexpensive compared to other biometrics
Questions?