ENGINEERINGCOMPETENCYREPORTEXAMPLED

13January2014

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TableofContentsTableofContents.........................................................................................................................2Aboutthisexample......................................................................................................................3Claim1.Dealwithethicalissues..................................................................................................4Claim2.Practisecompetently.....................................................................................................5Claim3.Responsibilityforengineeringactivities........................................................................7Claim4.Developsafeandsustainablesolutions........................................................................9Claim5.Engagewiththerelevantcommunityandstakeholders.............................................11Claim6.Identify,assessandmanagerisks................................................................................13Claim7.Meetlegalandregulatoryrequirements....................................................................14Claim8.Communication............................................................................................................16Claim9.Performance................................................................................................................18Claim10.Takingaction..............................................................................................................20Claim11.Judgment...................................................................................................................22Claim12.AdvancedEngineeringKnowledge(PE)KnowledgeofStandardisedPractices(EA)KnowledgeofTechnology(ET)...........................................................................23Claim13.Localknowledge........................................................................................................25Claim14.Problemanalysis........................................................................................................27Claim15.CreativityandInnovation/AdvancedOperation/PredictableOperation..............29Claim16.Evaluation..................................................................................................................30

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AboutthisexampleThisreportispartofasetofexamplereportsthatisbeingdevelopedtoprovideexamplesofEngineeringCompetencyClaimsandtheEngineeringExperienceRecord(EER).TheseExamplesareforusebyparticipantsusingtheeCharteredsystemtoguidethem.Beforereviewingtheexamplereports,applicantsshouldrefertotheappropriate2012AustralianEngineeringCompetencyStandardsStage2ProfessionalEngineerorEngineeringTechnologistorEngineeringAssociateavailableintheResourcessectionoftheeCharteredwebsite.ParticipantsshouldalsorefertoSection5oftheOnlineParticipantGuide,Submission,payingparticularattentiontoSection5.3.WritingEngineeringCompetencyClaims(ECCs).TheThoughtStartersforPreparingEngineeringCompetencyClaimsineCharteredavailableintheExamplessectionalsoprovidesguidanceandisrecommendedreadingalongwiththeexamplereports.Thefollowing16exampleECCreportsweresubmittedbyacivilengineerwhosuccessfullyachievedCharteredMembershipfollowingtheirProfessionalInterview,aswellasregistrationontheNationalProfessionalEngineersRegister(NPER)andtheStage2AssessmentfortheapplicationtobecomeaRegisteredProfessionalEngineerofQueensland(RPEQ).TheauthorwaspreparedtomeettherequirementsoftheAustralianEngineeringCompetencyStandardsStage2.Eachoftheirclaimswereverifiedbyaresponsibleseniorengineer.Identifyinginformationhasbeenremovedtoprotecttheconfidentialityoftheauthor,theiremployers,theirVerifiers,clients,andtheprojectscovered.Allverificationhasbeenremovedforthepurposeofmaintainingconfidentiality.AstheneweCharteredprocessdevelops,EngineersAustraliawillbeabletobuildarepositoryofexamples.ThisexampleisfromoneofthefirstwavetousetheeCharteredsystemandsuccessfullycompletetheirProfessionalInterview.EngineersAustraliaexpressesitssincerethankstotheengineerwhoprovidedthesereportstobeusedtoassistothersseekingCharteredStatusand/orregistration.Thesereportsaremadeavailableasexamplesonly.EngineersAustraliaisnottheauthorandthusmakesnoclaimsastothereportsaccuracy.NopartofthesereportsmaybereproducedinanyformforanypurposewithoutthepermissionofEngineersAustralia.Nopartofthesereportsmayotherwisebereplicatedorusedbyothersforthepurposeofclaimingitorthemastheirown.

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Claim1.DealwithethicalissuesBetweenSeptember2009toMarch2010,Icompletedasecondmentwithaspecialistmarinecontractor.ThecontractorwasasmallcompanyandIgottoknowtheownersandhisemployeesinbothprofessionalandpersonalsense.DuringmytimewiththecontractorIworkedcloselywithaparticularprojectmanagerinconstructingawharfstructureonamajorriver.WhenIfinishedmysecondmentandreturnedtotheoffice,Ikeptincontactwiththeprojectmanageronasemiregularbasis.WhenIgotbacktotheoffice,Iwasresponsibleforcompletingdetaileddesigndrawingsandtenderdocumentationforademolitionprojectsubsequentconstructionofajettyfingerinitsplace.Thespecialistmarinecontractorwasoneoffourpartiestobidforthecontract.Inordertobeopenandhonestandavoidanyconflictsofinterest,IinformedmyclientthatIhadcompletedasecondmentwiththeparticularcontractor.Duetomysecondment,thespecialistmarinecontractorfeltcomfortableincontactingmewithtenderquestions.DuringtenderstageIwascognisantofthefactthatIneededtobehaveethicallyandensurethatnopartieswereputinanunfairdisadvantage.Forexample,Iensuredthatconfidentialclientinformation,suchastheavailableclientbudgetwasnotdisclosedtoanytenderer.Asanotherexample,Irequestedthatallenquiresduringtenderstagecomeviatheclientinthefirstinstance.Iwouldthendisturbmyassociatedresponsesbacktotheclientfordistributiontoalltenderers.Fromateamperspective,myintentistoalwaysinteractwithmycolleaguesinanopenandhonestmannerandactonthebasisofawellinformedconscience,inlinewiththeEngineersAustraliaCodeofEthics.Ibelievethatthesearecriticalelementstocreatingapositiveteamdynamicandensuringsuccessfulprojectdelivery.Forexample,Iencouragedmembersofmyteamtocompletetheirtimesheetsaccurately,honestlyandontime.Mypersonalapproachistokeepadailydiaryofmytimespentonprojectworkandadescriptionofthetask/sIundertook.Idothisinordertogiveanhonestresponsewhenrequestedbymypeerstoprovideexplanationoftimespentonspecificprojecttasks.Atalltimes,Iencouragemyteammemberstorecordtheirtimeaccuratelyasopposedtochargingunbudgetedhourstoanoverheadnumber.Ialwaysstatetomycolleaguesthataccuraterecordingoftimegivesgreaterinsightintoprojectperformanceandwillnotleadtorepercussion.Iamnowworkingforamajorengineeringconsultingfirm,whichhasanIntegrityManagementSystem(IMS)whichhasbeendesignedtopromoteethicalbusinesspracticeswithinthecompany.Thecompany'sCodeofConductisoneofitskeyIMSdocuments.TheCodeofConducthas3imperativeelements;Teamwork,RespectandIntegritywhichisanalogoustotheCodeofEthicsprovidedbyEngineersAustralia.IreviewedandagreedtoabidebytheCodeofConductwhenIsignedmyemploymentcontract.Forexample,withregardstogifts,theCodeofConductstates'refusetoacceptgifts,financialpayments,favoursorbenefitsthatareintendedto,orarelikelyto,causeyoutoactinabiasedmannerinthecourseofyourduties.'ItookparticularnoticeofthisclauseasIamawareandhavewitnessedtheofferofgiftsbyvendorsandcontractorswithinpreviousworkplaces.IamawarethatifIwasofferedagift,thatdeclarationtomycompanyistheappropriateaction.ThisethicalapproachisinlinewiththeEngineersAustraliaCodeofEthics.IhaveengagedinethicalreflectivepracticebyreviewingtheValuesExchangeprovidedbyEngineersAustralia.ThecasestudiesprovidedontheValuesExchangehavehelpedmetodevelopmyethicaljudgementanddecisionmakingskills.ThisprovedtobeagreatlearningexerciseandconfirmedinmymindtheimportanceoftheCodeofEthicsprovidedbyEngineersAustralia.Insummary,Iamawarethatasanengineerpractitioner,Iamtousemyknowledgeandskillsforthebenefitofthecommunitytocreateengineeringsolutionsforasustainablefuture.Iamalsoawarethatweasengineersaretoservethecommunityaheadofotherpersonalorsectionalinterests.

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Claim2.PractisecompetentlyThemaritimeandcoastalengineeringindustryisquitespecialisedandrequiresanappropriateskillset.Typically,maritimeandcoastalengineerscompletedesignsbasedonempiricalmethodsduetothelackofprescribedmethodswithinavailablestandards.Whendesigning,Iamheavilyreliantonguidelines,conferencepapers,empiricalmethods,'firstprincipals'approach,inlieuofpublishedstandards.Thisrequiresmetothinkcriticallytoregularlyassessmyowncompetenceandacquirenewskillstoensurethatmychosenapproachismostapplicablefordesignpurposes.Forexample,IensurethatIstayabreasttolatestdevelopmentswithinmyindustry.Mycommitmenttomyprofessionaldevelopmentislongtermandextendsbeyondprojectspecificrequirements.Sincegraduationforexample,Ihavecompletedperformancereviewsevery12months.ThenominatedreviewerandIassessmycompetenceagainstarangeofcriteriaandalsodetermineareaswherefurtherskilldevelopmentisrequired.Traininganddevelopmentwithinthemaritimeandcoastalengineeringindustryisgenerallyquitescarce,howeverIrecognisetheimportanceofmaintainingandupdatingmyskillsthroughthefollowingavenues; EngineersAustraliamonthlymagazine. EngineersAustraliaQueenslandWaterPanelprovidespresentationsonanadhocbasistowhichI

haveattended.ThelastpresentationthatIattendedwasbyapastlecturerofmineandthesissupervisor.,TomBaldockfromtheUniversityofQueensland.Tom'spresentationwasheldNovember2011andwastitled,'Surfzonemorphology,waverunup,overtoppingandsedimentoverwash.

Iamcurrentlyresponsiblefortheorganisationofmonthlymaritimetechnicalpresentationstomy

group. IamaPermanentInternationalAssociationofNavigationCongresses(PIANC)memberandreadall

theworkinggroupand'oncourse'quarterlymagazinesaspartofmyContinuingProfessionalDevelopment(CPD).PIANCistheglobalorganisationprovidingguidanceforsustainablewaterbornetransportinfrastructureforportsandwaterways.

IinitiatedthemaritimegroupsubscriptiontoaCoastalEngineeringJournalthroughmycompany's

libraryservicecolleagues.Thisjournalisextremelyvaluableasitcombinespracticalapplicationwithmoderntechnologicalandscientificachievements.Ihavedownloadedpaperssuchas,'Waveheightdistributionsonshallowforeshores'byBattjesandGroenendijkforexample.Atthetimeofmydesignwork,thispaperwasattheforefrontofindustryknowledgeandprovidedextremevaluetomydeliverables.

IhaveenteredallCPDeventsintotheEngineersAustralia(EA)websitesincegraduation.Since2006I

haveexceeded50hoursofCPDperyear. IamanactivememberofCoastalList(http://www.coastal.udel.edu/coastal/coastal_list.html).

Coastallistisamoderatedemaillistforcoastalengineers.ItwasestablishedbytheUniversityofDelawaretoprovideapproximately1700enrolledcoastalengineers/scientistsameansto

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communicatewitheachothersothatitemsofinterestforthecommunitywillbedisseminatedbroadly.

IrecentlycoordinatedandwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofaproposalfortheCoastalProcessessectionofaregionalCouncilAirportExpansionEIS.TheCoastalProcessessectionoftheEISrequiredaresponsetothedrafttermsofreferenceinthehydrodynamics,hydrology,marinesedimentsandwaterquality.Iconcludedthatthelatter3specialitieswereoutsidemylevelofexperienceandIthereforedelegatedtheseworkpackagestomycompany'sspecialists.EventhoughIhadgainedhydrologicalmodellingexperienceasacadetwithacapitalCityCouncilImadeconsciencethedecisionthatIwasnotsufficientlycompetentenoughtoprovidehydrologicaladvice.Ihaveandamstillanactivememberoftheinhouseskillsnetworkswithinbothmypreviousandcurrentcompany.Ihavepostedmanyquestionsontheskillsnetworksofmypreviouscompany.ForexampleIpostedquestionsonwavesteepnesslimitsforwavesinshallowwaterandwindspectradefinitionswhileworkingonthedetaileddesignforaLNGprojectofftheAustralianeastcoast.

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Claim3.ResponsibilityforengineeringactivitiesIstartedwithmycurrentcompanyinearlyJanuary2012,andIwasgiventheroleofmanagingoursubconsultanttoundertakeadynamicmooringanalysisforaconfidentialLNGproject.ThisincludedpassingshipsimulationsforanumberofmembraneandsphericalLNGcarriers(rangingfrom125,000m3to217,000m3).Thesubconsultant'sscopeofworkswasdeterminedduringproposalstage,whichoccurredbeforeIcommencedmyemployment,andthereforewasbeyondmycontrol.ThefirstactionIundertookwastoreviewtheagreedscopeofworksincludedinmycompany'sproposal.Theproposalstatedthatatotalof40simulationswererequiredinordertocompletethedynamicmooringanalysis.Basedonmyexperienceofbeingresponsibleforthemooringanalysiswithinthedetaileddesignphaseforapreviousjettyconstructionproject,Imadethejudgementthatatotalof40simulationswerenotadequatetomeetclientrequirements.IagreedthatclientrequirementswerenotclearaswewereinFrontEndEngineeringDesign(FEED),howeverbasedon5vesselsandtheapplicableenvironmentalcriteria,itwasclearthatatotalof40simulationswouldnotbesufficient.Iimmediatelynotifiedtheprojectanddesignmanagerofthisriskasthesubconsultantwasonalumpsumagreement.ThenextactionIundertookwastoorganiseateleconferencewiththesubconsultanttodiscussthescopeofworks.Irequestedanexplanationfromthesubconsultantastohowatotalof40simulationswouldsatisfytheclient'srequirements.AfterIreferredoursubconsultanttotheOilCompaniesInternationalMarineForum(OCIMF)standardenvironmentalcriteria,whichinmyexperienceisoftenexclusivelyreferredtobytheOilandGasmajors,itwasclearthatatotalof40simulationswouldbeexceeded.Irecommendedtooursubconsultantthatbasedonmyexperience,itwasinourcollectiveintereststocompleteadynamicmooringanalysismethodologydocumentinthefirstinstanceforclientreviewinordertomitigatetheriskofscopecreepandbudgetoverspend.Thesubconsultantagreedtoadoptmyproposedapproach.Myintentionforthemethodologydocumentwastostateourapproach,parametersadoptedandasummaryofthecaseswhichweproposedtosimulate.Inmyexperience,thisapproachisbothcosteffectiveandalsoprovidesclaritytotheclientand/orpeerreviewerontheproposeddesignassumptionstobeadoptedwithinthesimulations.Icompletedthemethodologydocumentbasedoninformationsentbytheclientandmycompany'sinternallibrary.WithinthemethodologydocumentIhighlightedtheinformationgapsandproposedparametersrequiredtocompletethedynamicmooringanalysis.Forexample,someoftheparameterswhichIproposedforallvesselclassesincluded: mooringlinepretensionvalues; mooringlinediameters; mooringlinetensionlimits(%strength); mooringlineminimumbreakingload; tailtypes; taildiameters; minimumtailbreakingload.Inunison,IalsocompletedthefenderdesignforthebreastingdolphinsbasedontheCodeofpracticefordesignoffenderingandmooringsystemsBritishStandard6349Part41994andthePermanentInternationalAssociationofNavigationCongresses(PIANC)GuidelinesfortheDesignofFenderSystems

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(2002).Icompletedthisinparallelwithmyseniorstructuralengineeringcolleaguewhowasdesigningthebreastingdolphins.MyseniorcolleaguereviewedmydesignandIlaterrefinedmydesignbasedonhissuggestions.Iupdatedthemethodologydocumentwiththeappropriatelydesignedandreviewedfender.Irequestedaninternalreviewofthemethodologydocumentbythedesignmanager.Finally,Irequestedthatallvalueswithinmydraftmethodologydocumentbeeitherconfirmedcorrectand/orupdatedbyoursubconsultantastheyweretherecognisedauthoroftheissueddocument.

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Claim4.DevelopsafeandsustainablesolutionsImmediatelyaftertheJanuary2011floods,mycompanywasengagedonanemergencyworksbasis.FloodwatershadscouredasectionofamajorCreekandsubsequentbridgeembankmenttosuchadistancethattheroadandbridgewasatriskofsubsidence.Iassessedthecreekandslopestabilityfromahydraulic/scourpointofviewandsupervisedtherehabilitationworks.Beforegoingtosite,IcompletedaJobSafetyAnalysis(JSA).ThroughtheJSA,Ilogicallyidentified,assessedanddocumentedthehazardsassociatedwithmysitevisitinaccordancewithmycompany'sHealthandSafetypolicy.Forexample,IensuredthatmycolleagueandIhadtheappropriatepersonnelprotectiveequipment(PPE)beforeenteringthesite.Onceonsite,thecontractorhadproposedarockrevetmentsolutionalongthescouredsectionoftheCreek.Sketchdrawingswereprovidedtome.Ireviewedthecontractor'sdesignandsupervisedtheemergencyworksonbehalfofthestateauthoritywhichwasmyclient.Aswewereinanemergencyworkssituation,Ireactedpromptlyintheshortterm.Iassessedthecontractor'sdesignandidentifiedaspectsofthedesignwhichwerenotstructurallysoundandinformedmyclientthatthiswouldultimatelyresultinreworkinthelongterm.IstatedtomyclientthatIappreciatedtheemergencysituation,howevercorrectandsafedesignwasparamount.Iproposedthatsiteworksbeputonholdfor24hourswhileIcompletedsomepreliminarycalculations.Ireinforcedthefactthatthecontractor'sdesignwasneithercosteffectivenorasustainableoption.Forexample,thegeotextileproposeddidnothavesufficientstrengthforthelargearmourrockandIconcludedthatthegeotextilewouldpunctureduringconstruction.Also,therockarmourspecifiedwasnotlargeenoughforpeakvelocitiesupto5m/s,whichIestimatedbasedonManning'sequation.Therevetmenttoedetailwasnotrobustinmyopinionandtheriskoftherockslopefailinginextremeeventswashigh.IimmediatelyrequestedthattheprocurementofmaterialsbeputonholdwhileIcompletedanalternativedesign.Myclientagreedwiththisapproach.Isuggestedtomyclienttobroadentheextentoftheworks.Iidentifiedthehighriskofscourduetohighlymobilecreekbedsedimentparticlesandtheexpectedflowseparationbehindtheproposedworks.Irecommendedextendingtherevetmentstructureby50metresupstreampastthebendinthecreek.Byextendingthestructure,thecosttomyclientincreased,howeverIreducedtheriskoffailureduetoscourandthereforefuturereworkwasminimisedconsiderably.Idesignedtherockrevetmentusing,'CIRIAC551ManualonScouratBridges&OtherHydraulicStructures'.AsperCIRIAC551,Iinitiallycalculatedtherocksizerequiredforminimalmaintenance.Afterdiscussionwithmyclientandcontractor,Ideemedthatthisapproachwouldbetoocostlytoprocure,constructandmaintainbythestateauthority.Ithencalculatedtherocksizebasedonthefactthatfuturemaintenancemayberequiredafterlargestormevents.Irecommendedthisapproachtomyclientandtheyconfirmedthattherevetmentwouldbeplacedontheyearlymaintenanceinspectionprogramme.Thecontractorconfirmedthatmycalculatedrockarmoursizecouldbeprocuredfromthequarryonshortnotice.MyapproachwassustainableasIrationalisedmysolutiononeconomic,risk,materialresourcesandhumaneffortcriteriawhileprovidingforthesafetyoftheworkers.Iwaspresentonsiteduringconstructioninanearfulltimebasisduetothenatureoftheemergencyworks.Accesstothesitewashazardousduetothepoorgroundconditions.IrecommendedtotheforemanthatheusetheunderlayerrockthatIhadspecifiedasaworkingplatformwhilecompleting

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worksontheerodedslope.Iidentifiedthatbyplacingrockarmouratthecrest,whichistypicalforcoastalengineeringprojects,wouldposearisktotheconstructionstaff,futuremaintenanceinspectorsandthepublic.Idetailedonthedrawingstheplacementof underlayerrockwithinthevoidsoftherockarmour.Thisprovidedasafewalkingplatformalongthecrestandmitigatedthefutureriskofinjury.

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Claim5.EngagewiththerelevantcommunityandstakeholdersItwasmyresponsibilitytocompleteafloodriskassessmentanddetermineanappropriatedesignfloodlevelforamarinaprojectonthebanksofamajorriverinIreland.MyteamleaderandIwereengagedbyourclienttocarryoutengineeringdesignalongsideanarchitect.Iidentified,inconsultationwithmyteamleaderwhichstakeholdersneededtobeconsulted,toensurethatIhadaclearunderstandingoftheirrequirementsformydesignsolution: TheOfficeofPublicWorks(OPW); TheapplicableHydroelectricScheme; Mycompanysofficefloodmodellingteam.Myinvestigationsrevealedthatthegoverningbodywithintheregionwheretheassessmentwastakingplacedidnot(atthetimeoftheproject2006/07)haveformalisedguidelinesforproposeddevelopmentswithinthefloodplain.IcontactedthefloodinformationofficerwithintheOPWresponsiblefortheregionandconfirmedalegislativegapwithintheirrequirements.Workingethicallytonegotiateacceptableoutcomesforthecommunity,IproposedtodevelopanappropriatedesignfloodlevelforOPWreview.Icontactedmyexperthydrologistcolleagueaboutbestpracticedesignfloodlevelsforthistypeofdevelopment.Thefloodinformationofficeragreedthata1in100yeardesignfloodlevelwasappropriateandmettheirfloodimmunityrequirements.Istatedthattheimpactofclimatechangeonpeakfloodflowsshouldbeconsideredwithinmyfloodriskstudyasthiswouldleadtohigherpeakfloodlevels.Thefloodinformationofficerstatedthattheirrequirementsonpeakflowsduetoclimatechangewerecurrentlyindraftformat.Irequestedthefloodinformationofficerprovideformaladvice,towhichtheyrepliedinletterformat.IincorporatedtheformaladviceoftheOPW,whichatthetimestatedthatpeakfloodflowscouldincreasebyupto20%duetoclimatechange.Afterathoroughinvestigationofthecatchmentcharacteristicsandasensitivityanalysisincludingincreasingpeakfloodflowsby10,15and20%,Irecommendeda20%increaseinflowswasinlinewithbestpractice.Iensuredthatlongtermrequirementssetbyotherswereconsideredtoobtainasustainablesolution.Myinvestigationsshowedthatnofloodstudieshadbeenundertakenwithinthecatchment.Therewashoweverrecordedflowsandrecordedwaterlevelsinthevicinityoftheproposedmarinasite.IorganisedameetingwiththechiefengineeroftheapplicableHydroelectricSchemetodiscusstheoperationalproceduresoftheweiranditsimpactonupstreamwaterlevels.Ilistenedcarefullytothechiefengineerexplainoperationalproceduresoftheweir,bothdailyandintimesofflood,asIknewthiswascriticaltomyanalysis.AsIlistened,ItookaccuratenotesasIknewhis30yearsofexperiencewasofimmensevalueinlieuofpublisheddata. Irequestedrecordedflowsandwaterlevelsfromthechiefengineerinordertodeterminearelationshipbetweenthetwovariablesbasedonastatisticalanalysis.Thechiefengineerprovidedtomewith64yearsofrecordedflows(monthlymaxima)andapproximately56yearsofrecordeddailywaterlevels.Icontactedourlocalfloodmodellingteamtoperformthestatisticalanalysistoproducethe1in100yearfrequencycurveastheyhadalicencetotheappropriatesoftware.AttheendofmyfloodriskanalysisIreliedonmyexperthydrologistcolleagueswithintheLeedsofficetoreviewmyreport.Iincorporatedtheircommentsbeforeclientissue.

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Iexplainedthebasisofmypreliminary1in100yearfloodlevelandtheadditionalclimatechangeandfreeboardcontingenciesadopted,tothearchitect.Thearchitect'sconceptualschemeenvisagedstructuresclosetotheriverandmypreliminaryfloodlevelbecamecontrarytotheirdesignintentions.Thearchitectchallengedmyapproach.IstatedthatthedesignfloodlevelwasinlinewiththerequirementsoftheOPWincludingtheirprovisionsforclimatechange.Istatedthatmycolleaguesprovidedformalreviewandconfirmedthatmyworkwasinlinewithclimatechangebestpracticeforpreliminarydesign.TwoyearslatertheOPWpublishedtheirguidelineswhichconfirmedthattheassumptionsImadewerenowminimumrequirementsforfloodplaindevelopmentplanningapplication.

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Claim6.Identify,assessandmanagerisksIwasresponsiblefortheproductionofdetaileddesigndrawingsandspecificationsforajettystructure.Iwasresponsibleforworkingwithourseniorplanningengineerthroughthedevelopmentassessmentprocesstogainapprovalfortheworks.Iwasalsoresponsiblefortenderdocumentation.Iproposedtomyclient,tocompleteourworkintwostages.Isuggestedtomyclientthatthiswasthemostcosteffectivedeliverymechanismfortheproject.Stage1includedworkingwiththeclientforlocalauthorityDevelopmentApproval(DA).Asthetimetakentoapprovethedevelopmentandtherequirementsoftheapprovalwereoutsideofmycontrol,IrecommendedthataStage2proposalwouldbeprovidedonthesuccessfulcompletionofStage1.Theclientwassatisfiedwithmycosteffectiveapproachandagreedtomyproposal.Iproposedtomyclientthatadilapidationreportbecompletedoftheadjacentwalkwayandembankmentbeforedemolitionoftheexistingwharfcommenced.Irecommendedthisriskbasedapproachtomyclientasawaytomitigateagainstpotentialfutureclaimsofdamagetothewalkwayand/orembankmentduringthedemolition/constructionphase.Theclientagreedwiththisapproach.IinformedmyclientthatthisworkhadnotbeenallowedforinmyproposalandIwouldseekapprovalforavariation.Istatedmyrequestwithinanemailandprovidedanadditionalfee.Theclientrepliedtomyemailgivinghisapproval.Idocumentedthisinmyvariationregisterinspreadsheetform.DuringtheprojectImaintainedmyvariationregister.Ifoundthisextremelyadvantageouswhenitcametopreparingmonthlyinvoices.Atprojectend,therewereatotalof5variationswhichineffectdoubledouroriginalproposalfee.Thishighlightedtometheimportanceofdocumentingvariationsandseekingpriorclientapprovalinwritingbeforeproceedingwithadditionalworks.Bynotseekingapprovalforvariationstotheagreedscope,Iwouldhaveoverspentmybudgetandplacedunacceptablefinancialriskuponmycompany.IpreparedaGanttchartprogrammeofworksforalldesignactivities.Iusedtheprogrammeasareferenceonaneardailybasistoassessprojectprogress.Theclientspecifiedafinalmilestonedeliverabledatewherealldrawings,specificationsandcontractdocumentswererequired.Iproposedintermediatemilestoneswithintheprogramme.Forexample,IproducedIssueForReview(IFR)drawings,specificationsandcontractdocuments.IprovidedtheseIFRdeliverablesina'dripfeed'approachtoallowsufficienttimeforclientreviewandinput,therebyminimisingtheriskofrunninglateonthefinalmilestonedate.Ifoundthatthe'dripfeed'approachwasanextremelyeffectivemechanismforachievingeachagreedmilestone.Ifeltthatinvolvingtheclientthroughoutthedesignprocessfosteredacollaborativeculturewhichinturnaddedvalueandreducedtheriskofprojectdelay.Onaweeklybasis,Ireviewedmybudgetagainstthecollectivehoursspentandactualprogressmade.Iinformedmyprojectdirectoronaweeklybasisonmyprogresswithregardstobudgetspent,programmeburnt,milestonesmetandanyissueswhichhadthepotentialtocausedelay.Todocumentdesignchange,Ipreparedatechnicalriskregisterinspreadsheetform.WithintheregisterIdocumentedthechangestoapplicablecodes,standards,localauthorityandconcurrenceagency'srequirementsagainsteachdesignelementandassessedtheconsequencestotheexistingdesign.ThesystematicapproachthatItookbycreatingtheregisterprovidedaclearsummaryofchangesandwasextremelybeneficialwhenreviewedbymyseniorcolleagueduringtheQAprocess.LocalauthorityDAapprovalstipulatedthatoncethejettystructurewasconstructed,an'on maintenance'periodofoneyearwouldcommence.For'onmaintenance',thelocalauthorityrequiredRPEQsigned'asconstructed'drawingsandcertificationoftheworksofthejettystructure.Inorderformycompanytoprovidecertificationoftheworks,Inegotiatedwithmyclientthatsomesitesupervisionwasrequired.Isuggestedtomyclientthatsitesupervisionwouldbecompletedonanhourlybasis,cappedtoanupperlimitamount.Myapproachprovidedmyclientwithamechanismtocontrolandforecastprojectcostsaccurately.

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Claim7.MeetlegalandregulatoryrequirementsIwasresponsibleforworkingwithourseniorplanningengineerthroughthedevelopmentassessmentprocessinordertogainapprovalfortheworks.Iwasalsoresponsiblefortheproductionofthedetaileddesigndrawings,specificationsandtenderdocumentationforajettystructure.IproposedtoworkundertheConsultAustralia(2009)shortformcontractasthiswasmycompany'slegalpreference.ForStage2,IproposedtoworkunderthesamesignedConsultAustralia(2009)shortformcontractasIsuccessfullydidforStage1.Theclientagreedwiththisapproach.However,duetoalaterchangeinmanagement,theclientlaterproposedthatIworkundertheirpreferredtermsandconditions.Ispokewithmylegalcolleagueswithregardstoourpositionandaskedthemtoreviewtheclient'snewtermsandconditions.Theclient'stermsandconditionswerenomoreonerousonmycompanythantheACEA(2009)shortformcontract.Therefore,IproposedtocontinueworkingunderthesignedACEA(2009)shortformcontract,towhichtheclientagreed.IworkedalongsideourseniorplanningengineerinordertosatisfythelocalauthorityplanningapprovalandtheDepartmentofEnvironmentandResourceManagement(DERM)(nowknownasDEHP)prescribedtidalworksapprovalapplicationprocess.Iprovidedapprovaldrawingsofthejettystructure.Ishowedontheapprovaldrawingsthejettylayout,proposeddemolitionoftheexistingtimberwharfstructure,proposedplanandtypicalcrosssectionoftheproposedjettystructure.Theclientstipulatedthatatimberflumewhichwaspartoftheoriginalstructure,beretainedbeforedemolitionandreusedinconjunctionwiththenewjettyworks.Iworkedwiththelandscapearchitectstoensurethatthetimberflumewasincorporatedintheirworks.IdesignedthebracingandsupportsforthetimberflumeinaccordancewithAustralianStandards(AS)4100SteelStructuresandprovidedadditionaldrawingstothelandscapearchitectsworkspackage.IwasawarethatIhadadutytocomplywithsection22oftheWorkPlaceHealthandSafetyAct2011andensure,sofarasreasonablypracticable,thatthedesigniswithoutriskstohealthandsafety.IcompletedasafetyindesignriskregisterandSafetyinDesign(SiD)reportfortheproject.Inconsultationwithmyclient,Iconsideredpublichealthandsafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesforallstagesoftheprojectfromdesign,construction,maintenance,decommissioningandfinallythroughtodemolition.Withinmyriskregisterspreadsheet,Iidentifiedthehazardsandassessedtheassociatedconsequencesinordertodeterminetherisklevel.IthenhighlightedthemitigationmeasuresforwhichItookwithinthedesigninordertoreducetheriskleveltoalevelaslowasreasonablypractical,commonlyknownasALARP.ThelocalauthorityDevelopmentApproval(DA)stipulatedalistofcompliancemeasuresthatneededtobeadheredtoduringbothdesignandconstruction.Lightingofthejettywasnotincludedintheapprovaldrawings.Ihighlightedthisasahazardanddocumentedthefactthatlightingofthejettywasadevelopmentapprovalcondition.IengagedourelectricalengineerstocompletethelightingdesignaspertheassociatedAustralianStandardsandwithRegisteredProfessionalEngineersofQueensland(RPEQ)signoff.IcreatedtenderdocumentationbasedonthegeneralconditionsofcontractAS2124(1992).Iamendedtheconditionsofcontractthroughtheannexures,schedulesandjobspecificationsspecifictotheprojectrequirementsandlocalauthorityandconcurrenceagencyrequirements.Forexample,Iensuredthatthecontractorprepareanerosionandsedimentcontrolprogramandprovideddemolitionand

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constructionmethodologiestherebysatisfyingthe constructionenvironmentalmanagementplan,whichwasarequirementoftheDA.Iensuredmycompany'sintellectualpropertywasprotectedatalltimes.Forexample,Iensuredalldeliverablessuchasdrawings,reports,specifications,conditionsofcontractwerealwayssentinpdfformatandthereforeunauthorisedchangescouldnotbemade.Ialsoensuredthatappropriatedisclaimerswereaddedtoissuedreports.Thedisclaimerswouldgenerallystatethatthereportswerepreparedformyparticularclientandshouldonlyberelieduponbymyclientbasedontheagreedscopeandstatedlimitations.

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Claim8.CommunicationAtmypreviouscompany,Iworkedalongsideandwaspartofagroupofpredominantlybridgeandstructuralengineers.Aparticularbridgewhichwaspeerassessedbyothers,foundthatascourassessmentduringdetaileddesignhasnotbeencompleted.Iagreedtotherequestandcompletedascourassessmentofthebridgedesign.Inordertoworkeffectively,Irequestedfromthebridgedesignertheamountoftimerequiredandavailablebudgetinordertocompletethescourassessment.Iworkedwiththebridgedesignertocollatethebridgedesigndrawingsandavailablegeotechnicalinformationoftheriverbed.Inordertoeffectivelycompletemyscourassessmentinaccordancewithrelevantguidelinematerial,Iinterfacedbetweenthebridgedesignerandfloodmodeller.Ireliedonmypreviousfloodmodellingexperiencetoconverseappropriatelyandbuildrapportwiththefloodmodeller.Iwasabletorequestvectorplotdiagramsatfloodpeakvelocityasopposedtofloodpeakwaterlevel.Thisisakeypointwhichwascriticaltothescourassessmentasthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheflowatbothfloodstageschangedconsiderably.Icompletedasensitivityanalysisofbothfloodstagestoimprovetheaccuracyofmyanalysis.Iinitiatedinformaldesignreviewswithmyseniorcolleaguebyhavingregularconversationsonanadhocbasis.Basedonmydiscussions,IensuredthatIincludedatidalvelocitycomponentwithinmycalculationsasthiswasnotmodelledwithinthefloodstudy.Ialsorecognisedthattheempiricallybasedpredictivemethodsgivenintherelevantguidelinematerialarebasedonnoncohesivematerialandmyanalysiswouldthereforebeconsideredconservative.Toimprovemyanalysis,Iinvestigatedapplicablescourpredictionmethodsforcohesivematerialbyplacingapostonmycompany'sinhouseskillsnetwork,reviewingthemaritimelibrary,completingsearchesonGoogle,CompendexandScienceDirect,forexample.Bysuccessfullyworkingwithmycolleaguesandcompletingthescourassessment,Ibecamethemainpointofcontactwithinmygroupforallscourrelatedprojectissues.Duringmyscourassessment,itbecamecleartomethattherewasaknowledgegapwithinthegrouponassessingwaterwayscourwithinthebridgedesignprocess.Iexercisedinformalleadershipbygivingapresentationtomygroup'squarterlymeeting,consistingofapproximately70engineersandCADtechnicians,onwaterwayscourmechanics.Igavea15minutepresentationtomygroupwiththeaidofPowerPointslides.Istartedmypresentationbyexplainingtheimportanceofwhyscourneedstobeconsideredandgavesomeillustrativeexamplesonbridgesaroundtheworldwhichhavefailedduetoscour.Iexplainedthepredictiveempiricallybasedmethods,namelygeneral,constrictiveandlocalscourequationsprovidedintherelevantguidelinematerial.Iwasabletohighlight'watchits'andlessonslearntapplicabletoeachpredictivemethod.Iexplainedtheimportanceofworkingwithourfloodmodellersandgeotechnicalengineersinordertogainanunderstandingofpeakvelocitymagnitudeanddirectionandinsituriver/creekbedconditions,respectively.Iemphasisedthatthescouranalysisshouldstartatpreliminarydesignstageandnotretrospectivelyattheendofdetaileddesign.Ialsoemphasisedthatproposedbridgepiersshouldbealignedwiththeflowoftheriver/creekwherepractical.Ihighlightedthispointgraphicallybyhighlightinganincreasingtrendofpredictedscourdepthwithanincreasingincidentflowangle.Ialso

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highlightedthedynamicnatureofscourshouldbeborneinmindwhenthinkingofthescourprocess.Iexplainedthatasthefloodvelocityreducedfromitspeak,depositionwithinthescourholeislikelyoccur. AlloftheabovepointswerekeyconceptswhichIexplainedindetailthroughgraphicalmeans.Mypresentationwaswellreceived.Itwasclearthatmostpeoplewithinmygroupwerenotawareofthesekeyconceptswhenconsideringscourmechanicsandprediction.Ifinishedmypresentationbyrecommendingthatanymemberofmyteamshouldcomeandseemewithanyquestionsthatmayhaveforfutureprojectwork.

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Claim9.PerformanceMyclientrecentlyrequestedthatIinspectarollonrolloff(RoRo)rampforanLNGprojectsituatedwithinAustralia.Mycompanycompletedtherampdesign,beforeIcommencedmyemploymentwiththem.Therampwasatriskoffailureduetopropellerwashduringvesseloperations.Iimmediatelywenttositetogainabetterunderstandingofthesituationbyhavingdiscussionswithmyclient,andtheirtransportationlogisticsbusinessarm.Throughmydiscussionsonsite,itwasclearthatduringtheberthingofaparticularRoRovessel,therockarmourprotectionwasbecomingunstable,leadingtothescourofthecorematerialbeneaththeconcreteramp.Iinformedmyclientthatmyimmediateprioritiesweretocompleteadesignreviewofthestructureandsecondly,proposesomeremediationoptionsforreview.Oncebackintheoffice,Icompletedadesignreviewoftheramp'srockprotection.IconcludedthatthestructurewasbeingcompromisedduetheoperationofthelargeRoRovessel'stwinazimuthpropellerthrustersatitsstern.Eachpropellerutilised1000horsepoweror736kilowattsandIimmediatelyhighlightedtomydesignmanagerthattheRoRovesselwasoutsidetheboundsoftheadopteddesigncriteria.ThedesignmanagerandIparticipatedinteleconferenceswithrepresentativesoftheclientandtheirtransportationlogisticsarmandasubcontractortodiscussbothtemporaryandpermanentsolutions.Forthepermanentsolution,Irecommendedtheuseofaproprietaryproducttoprotecttheexistingstructurefrompropellerscour.Icalledthedesigner,todiscusswithhimhisproductanditspotentialapplicationfortheRoRoramp.Overnumerousphonecalls,Ibuiltuparapportwiththedesigner.Ispokewithmyclientanditwasclearthattherewassomeinternalresistancetotheuseoftheproduct,forvariousreasons.Iexercisedleadershipbyproposingthatallconcernedpartiesmeetonsitetodiscussallaspectsoftheproduct.Myclientagreedwithmyapproach.Thesitevisitandworkshopwassuccessfullycompletedasitallowedallpartiestodiscusstheproductanditsexpectedperformanceforourparticularapplication.Iexercisedcompetencebycreatingatechnicalperformancespecificationforthedesignandsupplyoftheproduct.Withinmytechnicalperformancespecification,Iprovidedthefollowinginformationtoensurethattheproductwasdesignedtoprovidetherequiredperformance; Designwaterlevels,wavesandcurrentsfortheRoRoramp Designvesselparametersincludingpropellerdiameter,enginepowerandapplicationofengine

powertothepropellerwhileberthing. Minimumpropellerwashvelocitiesattheseabedforthedesignvessel ConstructiondrawingsandspecificationoftheRoRoramp ExistinghydrographicsurveyoftheRoRorampberthpocketandapproaches AllavailablegeotechnicalinformationoftheRoRorampandsurroundingarea CompleteddiversurveysoftheRoRorampinitscompromisedstate,towhichIhadcommissioned.Iincludedaclausewithinmytechnicalperformancespecification,toensurethattheprovisionofdesigncalculationsweremandatoryforcompanyreview.Ialsosuggestedtomyclientthatarequestforaperformancewarrantyshouldbemadethroughthecommercialcontractualarrangement.

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MytechnicalperformancespecificationensuredthatmyclientwasabletoprocureacorrectlydesignedproductfortheparticularRoRoramp.Iaddedvaluebyrecommendingthatanotherhydrographicsurveybeundertakenwithparticularfocusontheberthpocket.TheclientagreedandIwasabletocompleteadeltaplotcomparingthenewhydrographicsurveytoabaselinehydrographicsurveytoaccuratelydeterminepropellerwashscourextents.Tominimiseanypotentialmovementoftheproductandensureperformance,Iproposedtoburythefreeendoftheproduct0.5metresbeyondmypredictedscourdepth.Inaddition,myrequestforadditionalhydrographicalsurveyaddedvalueasIwasabletooptimisetheproductcoverageextents.

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Claim10.TakingactionImanaged,leadandwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofasuccessfulproposaltocompleteastructuralconditionassessmentofasmalltownsconvictbuiltandheritagelistedcausewayanditsexposedseawall.Afterreviewingtherequestfortenderdocuments,Icontactedmystructural,geotechnicalandgeophysicalinternalcolleaguesrequestingtheirinputintomyproposal.Ialsoengagedasubconsultanttoprovideheritageadviceandservices.Irequestedthattheyallreviewthetenderandprovideanestimateoftheircosts,proposedmethodology,theirCV'sandanyothersupportingmaterialwhichwouldhelpmyteamtowintheproject.Icoordinatedthebidprocessandintegratedallmaterialreceivedintomyproposal.Icreatedamasterspreadsheetwithanestimateofmycompany'scollectivecosttocompletetheworks.Iproposedareductioninmycompany'schargeoutratestoensuremybidwascompetitive,towhichmygroupmanageragreed.Iwrotetheproposalandwasresponsiblefortheproposedmethodology.TheclienthadrequestedGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)geophysicaltestingintheirtenderrequest.Afterconsultingwithmycolleagues,Imadethedecisiontodeviatefromtheclient'srequestandrecommendMultiAnalysisofSurfaceWaves(MASW)seismictesting.IhighlightedwithinmyproposalthatitwasbothcosteffectiveandtechnicallyadvantageoustoadopttheMASWseismicsurveyapproach.Irequested,andwasgivenpermissionbymygroupmanagertocompleteasiteinspectionoftheseawallduringproposalstage.Althoughthisinvolvedanincreasedexpensebeforepotentialcontractaward,Iwasabletoaddvaluetomybiddocumentbydemonstratinganimprovedknowledgeoftheseawall.Forexample,Iwasabletohighlightwithinmybiddocumentthattheseawallhadfailedinanumberoflocations.Iinformedmyclientthatoneparticularlocationoftheseawallhadfailedandposedarisktothehealthandsafetyofthepublic.Idefinedmyproposedscope,clearlystatedprojectspecificqualificationsandaccuratelyestimatedmycompany'sfee.Myproposalwasacceptedandmycompanywasawardedthecontract.Aspermyproposal,Iimmediatelyorganisedaninceptionmeetingwiththelocalauthority.Iorganisedforourheritagesubconsultanttojoinusinordertoshowmyclientthatwecameasapreparedandcoordinatedteam.AttheendofthemeetingIaskedmyclienttoprovidefeedbackonourproposal.Theystatedthatmycompanywasawardedthecontractasmybidprovidedgreatestvaluebasedonmyproposedalternativemethodology.Theclientstatedthatafterreadingmyproposaltheyfeltconfidentinourabilitytosuccessfullydelivertheproject.Oncethecontractwasofficiallyawardedtomycompany,Isetupajobnumberinmycompany'sinternalfinancialmanagementsystem.Icreatedsubjobnumbersandassignedthemtothevariousinternalgroupswhowereworkingontheproject.Inlinewithmycompany'sQualityAssurance(QA)policy,Icreatedtasksheetsforallpersonnelworkingontheproject.Foreachtasksheet,Idocumentedtheirbrief,expecteddeliverablesandbudget.Irequestedeachmemberofmyteamtoreviewandoncesatisfied,signtheirindividualtasksheet.Inlinewithmycompany'spolicyandastheprojectmanager,Ifeltcomfortableinthefactthatmyteammembersweretakingownershipoftheirindividualtasks.Icheckedandtrackedactualincurredprojectcostsagainstmybudgetedamountsonaweeklybasis.

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Followingtheinceptionmeeting,IensuredthatIadheredtomycompany'smanagement systemsandprocesses.Theseincludedbutwerenotlimitedto; Ensuringthatourheritagesubconsultantsignedmycompany'sstandardsubconsultancy

agreement. Completinga15%projectreviewwithmyprojectdirector. Ikeptmycompany'sQAelectronicjobmanagementsystemupdatedatalltimes.Astheproject

manager,IwasawarethatIneededtodothistoensurethatmycompanyadheredtotheISO9001QualityAssurance,AS/NZS4801:2001OccupationalHealthandSafetyandISO14001Environmentalaccreditation.

Ikeptmycompany'selectronicfinancialjobmanagementsystemsupdatedatalltimes.Thisincludedrecordingallagreedvariationsandinvoicingforworkscompletedbyagreedmilestonedates.

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Claim11.JudgmentImanaged,leadandwasresponsibleforsuccessfuldeliveryofastructuralconditionassessmentofaconvictbuiltandheritagelistedcausewayanditsexposedseawall.Myclientwasalocalgovernmentauthority.Iwasresponsibleforsupervising,monitoringandevaluatingtheworkofamultidisciplinaryteammadeupofstructural,geotechnicalandgeophysicalengineersandaheritagesubconsultant.IsupervisedandmonitoredtheMultiChannelAnalysisofSurfaceWaves(MASW)geophysicalsurveyonsite,whichwascompletedbymyinternalcolleagues.IworkedwiththeMASWgeophysicalsurveyteamonsiteandduetotimeconstraints;Irecommendedthattheirscopeofworksbeamendedtoensurethatthecriticalcomponentsofthecausewayfillwereanalysed.MyclientrequestedthatthepreliminaryMASWresultsbesenttothemfortheirreview.IevaluatedtheMASWresultstoensurethatmyclient'srequirementsweremet.IensuredthatthePandSwavevelocitytomogramsmadedirectreferencetothesoilreferencethresholdvalues,therebyprovidingclearinterpretationoftheidentifiedweakzonesbehindtheseawall.Whileonsite,itbecameclearthatthelocalLandsCouncilAboriginalCorporationrepresentative,whowastheretorepresenttheviewsoftraditionalownersoftheregion,hadnotbeeninformedofourplannedactivities.ItookituponmyselftoimmediatelyintroducemyselftotherepresentativeandinformhimofourplannedactivitieswhichincludedaconditionassessmentoftheseawallandMultiChannelAnalysisofSurfaceWaves(MASW)geophysicalsurveyofthecausewayfillbehindtheseawall.Mydecisiveapproachhelpedtoresolveasituationwhichcouldhaveledtoatemporarycessationofourworks.Attheendofallinvestigationsbyallparties,Ihadreceivedreportsinvariousformatswrittenbydifferentauthors.ImadethejudgementthatitwasimperativethatIcombinealltextintoonemasterreport,wherethefindingswerelinkedandtheconclusionsflowedaccordingly.Ispentsomeadditionaltimeproducingaconsolidatedreport,howevermyjudgementensuredthatourtechnicalconclusionswereclearandconcise.IreviewedandevaluatedthegeotechnicalboreholedataandtheMASWgeophysicalsurveywithrespecttothestructuralintegrityoftheseawall.Thegeotechnicalboreholelogsshowedthatthematerialbehindthefullheightoftheseawallwasmadeupofaclayeysandmatrix.TheMASWgeophysicalsurveyconfirmedaconsistentclayeysandmatrixalongtheentireseawalllength.Imadetheengineeringjudgementthatwithinmystructuralconditionassessmentreport,asectiontitled'failuremechanism'wasrequired.Isurmisedthatduetothelackofanappropriatefilterlayer,whichIwasabletoconfirmduringtheconditionassessment,therewasahighriskofcausewaymaterialbeingwashedoutduetobothtidalvariationandwaveaction.Withinthissectionofthereport,Iexplainedhowthisfailuremechanismwasleadingtoroadsubsidenceandlossofstructuralinterlockwithintheseawallrockface.IconsultedwithmyProjectDirector.IsuggestedtotheProjectDirectorthatbasedontheevidencefoundduringtheinvestigationandthesubsequentassessmentofrisk;closingthetrafficlaneimmediatelyadjacenttotheseawallshouldbeoneofthekeyrecommendationsofmyreport.Myreportconclusivelyshowedthatfailureoftheseawallandadjacentroadwaywashighduetoitsassessedconditionanditsdeficientperformance.MyProjectDirectorreviewedmyreport,providedfeedbackandgavehissupporttothisconclusion.Inmyfinalstructuralconditionassessmentreport,Iexercisedsoundengineeringjudgementbyproviding5remediationoptionsforclientreview.Istatedthatthe5optionswerepreparedatconceptlevelonlyduetolimitationofavailableinformation.Duetoscopelimitation,Imadethedecisiontosuggesttomyclientthatanoptionsassessmentbasedonpredefinedcriteria,suchasfinancial,environment,cultural,heritage,economicetc.shouldbecompletedinfuturestagestoensurethatallinterestspertinenttotheseawallaregivendueconsideration.Myreport,includingtheengineeringjudgementsthatImade,wereacceptedbymyclient.

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Claim12.AdvancedEngineeringKnowledge(PE)KnowledgeofStandardisedPractices(EA)KnowledgeofTechnology(ET)Iwasaskedbyaninternalcolleaguetocompleteamooringanalysisof6differentvesselclasstypesandpredictvesselmotionenvelopesforaconceptualportinopenwateroffthecoastofWesternAustralia.MyportplanningcolleagueaskedthatIcompletetheanalysisasheknewIwascompetentwithaproprietarymooringanalysissoftwarepackage,andrequestedthatafew'quickcalculations'wouldbesufficient.Initially,itbecamecleartomethatIneededtoprovidefurtherexplanationoftheengineeringfundamentalstomyportplanningcolleague.Iwroteatechnicalnoteexplainingthetheoryandfundamentalsofvesselmotionandincludedasectionontheaccuraciesandlimitationsofthecurrentcommercialnumericalmodellingsoftwarepackages.Istatedthatinthefirstinstance,itisparamounttohaveanunderstandingofthemetoceanconditionsofthesite,includingwind,waveandcurrentcomponents.Iexplainedthatitisalsoparamounttocompleteaninitialinvestigationintothesusceptibilityofthesitetolongperiodwaves.Iwentontoexplainthatmostcommercialmodelsdonotaccuratelypredictvesselmotionsduetolongperiodwaves,contrarytothesoftwareproprietorsclaim.Iexplainedthatvesselmotionistypicallymadeuptobothstaticanddynamiccomponents.Iclarifiedthatstaticmotionsarepredominantlyduetowind,currentandwavedriftforceactingonavessel.Iemphasisedthatthecurrentproprietarymooringsoftwareversionprocuredbyourcompanywasonlysuitableforstaticanalysis.Ithenwentontoexplainthatdynamicvesselmotionsduetowindgustingand/orincidentwavecomponentsactingonthevesselarerequiredtobemodelledinthetimedomain.Iexplainedthatthesoftwarepackagehasthecapacitytocalculate'quasidynamic'vesselmotionsthroughtheuseoftheirHydrodynamicCoefficientFiles(HCF).IexplainedthattheHCFfilescomprisesasetof6degreesoffreedomhydrodynamicdatawhichhasbeengeneratedbyanindependenttestedprogramcalledAQWA,whichisacceptedindustrystandard.IexplainedthattheproprietarymooringsoftwarereferstotheHCFdatatocalculatetherelevantresponseamplitudeoperators(ROA's)foraparticularwaterdepth,vesselsize,draft,trimmetacentricheight(GM)andselectedrolldamping.Mytechnicalnotestatedthatthestaticonlysoftwaremodelconsidersthewaveheightandperiodwithinthefrequencydomainandnotthetimedomain.IexplainedthatthesoftwareproprietorsclaimthattheuseofHCFfilesequatestoafullydynamicmodel.Basedonfundamentaltheory,IadvisedmycolleaguethattheuseoftheHCFfilesequatestoa'quasidynamic'modelonlyandcarefulconsiderationneedstobegiventothevariousdefinitions.IadvisedmycolleaguethatIhavepreviouslyutilisedthe'quasidynamic'modelsforadetaileddesignofaLNGjetty.Imadetherecommendationthattosimulatethetruedynamiccomponentofvesselmotion,amodelwhichcaptureswaveheightandperiodinthetimedomainisrequired.Iadvisedmycolleaguethatourcurrentversionofthesoftwaredidnot,atthetime,havethiscapability.Icontactedthesoftwareproprietors,andtheyinformedmethattheywerecurrentlyworkingtoupgradetheirsoftwaretoincludewaveheightandperiodinthetimedomain.Inaddition,Icontactedourinhousewavemodellors,andtheyconfirmedthatthesiteissusceptibletolongperiodwaves.

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Basedonthesefacts,IgavemyrecommendationwithinmytechnicalnotethatIdidnothavethecapacitywiththecurrenttoolsathandtoaccuratelypredictvesselmotions.Iprovided detailsofknowncommercialnumericalmodelsprovidedbyotherswhichhadthecapacitytomodellongperiodwavesandthereforepredictvesselmotionsaccurately.

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Claim13.LocalknowledgeIwasresponsiblefortheconceptualdesignofarockrevetmentsolutionforabeachfrontpropertyinQueensland,Australia.Ifirstlyconsultedmycompany'slibraryanddeterminedthatthefollowinglocaldocumentsprovidedthemostrelevantinformationindescribingthecoastalprocessesatthelocalarea: HerveyBayBeachesbytheBeachProtectionAuthorityQueensland(1989). QueenslandClimateChangeandCommunityVulnerabilitytoTropical Cyclones:OceanHazardsAssessmentStages2and3,bytheMarineModellingUnitofJamesCook

University(2004).Iensuredthatmyconceptualdesignadheredtothefollowinglegislationandstandards;

Iensuredthatmytechnicaldesignadheredtothefollowinglegislationandstandards; QueenslandCoastalPlan(2012)(recentlyrevoked)whichreplacedtheStateManagementCoastal Plan(2001)andassociatedregionalcoastalmanagementplans. TheOperationalPolicy,buildingandengineeringstandardsfortidalworksundertheCoastal

ProtectionandManagementAct(1995).ThepolicyprovidestheminimumbuildingandengineeringcriteriafortidalworksapprovedundertheSustainablePlanningAct(2009).

AustralianStandard(AS)4997(2005)Guidelinesforthedesignofmaritimestructures BritishStandard(BS)6349(2000)MaritimeStructuresPart1 TheRockManual,CIRIAC683(2007) CoastalEngineeringManual(CEM)(2006)byUSArmyCorp RandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructures(2000)byGodaAllaforementioneddocumentssubsequentlyformedmydesignbasis.Mydesignbasisconsistedofthefollowingadoptedparameters; Iadopteda50yearstormeventasdefinedintheoperationalpolicy,buildingandengineering

standardsfortidalworksundertheCoastalProtectionandManagementAct(1995). Tidalplanes(2004)withintheJamesCookUniversitystudieswereadopted.Inotedthatthe2012

HATlevelwas90mmhigherthanthe2004leveladoptedwithinthepublishedstudy.Inlinewithgoodpracticeforthedesignofcoastalstructures,Iaddedthedifferencetomydesignstormtidelevel.

ExtremewaveheightsandperiodswereprovidedinboththeHerveyBayBeachesandJamesCookstudies.IdeterminedthattheJamesCookstudiesprovidedthemostrelevantoffshore200yearwaveheightandperiodwithacorrespondingdepthforwavetransformationpurposes.

TheQueenslandCoastalPlan(2012)recommended0.4mofsealevelriseuntiltheyearof2060whichexceedsthe50yearvalueof200mmgivenwithinAS4997.IadoptedtheQueenslandCoastalPlan(2012)sealevelrisevalueasIdeemeditasmostappropriatefortheprojectsite.

IreferredtotheTheRockManualforguidelinesonovertoppingvaluesandassociateddamagelevels.IadoptedaconservativelimitinlinewiththeOperationalpolicy,buildingandengineeringstandardsfortidalworks.

IadoptedabeachslopefromthesurveyprovidedinTheHerveyBayBeachesdocumentasnootherbathymetrywasavailable.

Iadoptedarockrevetment'damagefactor'androcktoelevelofLATinaccordancewiththeOperationalpolicy,buildingandengineeringstandardsfortidalworks.

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IutilisedtheCoastalandRiverEngineeringSupportSystem(CRESS)programtocompletewavetransformationcalculationsandcorrespondingwaveheightestimateswithinthesurfzone.TheCRESSprogramutilisesthecompositeWeibulldistributionofwaveheightsinshallowwaterbasedonBattjesandGroenendijk(2000).Asreference,IreadthroughBattjesandGroenendijk(2000)papertoensurethatIunderstoodtheassumptionsandlimitationoftheirgivenapproach.Iconcludedthatthepredictedsignificantwaveheightwithinthesurfzonewouldbreakbeforereachingthestructuretoeduetodepthlimitation.IthencreatedaspreadsheetandcalculatedthedepthlimitedwaveheightbasedonRandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructuresbyGoda.IreadtheapplicablesectionsonrockarmourhydraulicstabilityunderwaveactionwithinTheRockManual.IappliedtheVanderMeerVanGent(2004)equationastherevetmentwaswithinthewavebreakingzone.IgradedtherockamourandunderlayerbasedonthefilterrulesgivenintheCEM.Icompletedacheckofmydesignwiththecommercialsoftwarecalled,Breakwat,producedbyDelftDeltaresandfoundthatmydesigncalculationswerecorrect.

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Claim14.ProblemanalysisIn2010,Iwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofthestaticanddynamicmooringanalysis,includingtheeffectsofpassingship,forsixLNGdesignvessels.Myclienthadspecifiedthattheaproprietarymooringsoftwarepackagewastobeusedtoconducttheanalysis.IhadnoexperiencewiththesoftwarepriortoawardofdetaileddesignoftheLNGjetty.Myfirstactionwastopostathreadonmycompany'sinhouseskillsnetworkinordertodetermineiftherewasanyonewithinmycompanywhohadahighlevelofexperiencewiththesoftware.Theresoundingresponsewasthattherewasnoonewithinmycompanywhohadexperiencewithit,letalonewascompetentwithutilisingthesoftware.Ideterminedthatmycompanyhadasoftwarelicenceinanoverseasoffice,howeverithadnotbeenusedforsometime.Iorganisedwithmycolleaguesinthisofficetogainaccesstotheirstandalonecomputerwhichhadthesoftwareinstalled.Thisprovedquickandefficientandmorecosteffectivethansendingthedongleviaairmail.IthenappliedforinternalfundingwhereIproposedtoreplicatethesoftwareresultsofareferencemooringanalysisthatwasprovidedbymyclientduringtenderdesignstage.IalsoproposedtocompleteatechnicaldiscussionpaperattheendofmyworkstodocumentmyunderstandingofthesoftwarepackageandtheinformationgapsthatIidentified.Iprovidedabusinesscaseandbudgettocompletemystudy.Fundingwassubsequentlyapproved.Intheprocessofcompletingthemodellingreplication,Ireadthroughthesoftwareusermanualandfoundthismostbeneficialtomylearning's.Myreplicatedresultswerewithin3and5%forfenderandmooringlineloads,respectively,comparedtothereferencemooringanalysisresultsprovidedbytheclient.IconcludedthatthepercentagedifferenceinresultswasduetothefactthatIwasutilisingastaticonlyapproachwithinthesoftware.Thereferencedesigntookaquasistaticapproachthroughtheuseofhydrodynamiccoefficientfiles(HCF)whichmodelwaveinducedvesselmotionswithinthefrequencydomain.IimmediatelyidentifiedthattheprocurementofHCFfileswascriticaltothemooringanalysisandIrecommendedtheprocurementofthecorrectHCFfilesbasedonthedesignvessels.Attheconclusionofmyinvestigation,Iprogressedtohavingabasicunderstandingofhowtousethesoftware.Iwasabletodefinethemajorcomponentryofthesoftware,andwasaptatcarryingoutfutureinvestigations.Forexample,thereferencedesignreportprovidedbymyclientwastitle,'dynamicmooringanalysis'.Iwasabletohighlightthattechnicallythiswasnotaccurate,aswavesarenotmodelledwithinthetimedomain.Isuggestedtomycolleaguesthatthereportshouldhavebeennamed'quasidynamicmooringanalysis'asthesoftwareatthetimemodelledwaveswithinthefrequencydomainonly.Thisfundamentalunderstandingwasobtainedbymyresearchandreplicationofpreviouslymodelledscenariosbyothers.Isentmytechnicaldiscussionpapertomypeerswithinthemaritimegroup,themaritimedesignleadfortheLNGjetty,andfinallytheexecutiveleveldesignteamfortheirreview.Iconcludedmyinvestigationbymakingrecommendationsonhowbesttoproceedwiththemooringanalysisoncedetaileddesignhadbeenofficiallyawarded.Thisincluded; Documentingtheversionofthesoftwarerequiredformyselfandmyteamtocompletethemooring

analysisinordertocompletedetaileddesignphaseasperclientrequirements. Ialsoprovidedabudgetedestimateforthesoftwarewhichwasconfirmedby quotationfromthe

supplier.

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Settingupasubconsultancyagreementwiththesupplier,TensionTechnology,toactinacheckingandreviewroleofmysimulationsduetoalackofinhouseexpertise.Iconcludedmydiscussionpaperbyrecommendingthattrainingbythesupplierwasrequiredinordertoobtainathoroughandclearunderstandingofthetechnicalissuesassociatedwiththesoftware.

Iconcludedmydiscussionpaperbyrecommendingthattrainingbythesupplierwasrequiredinordertoobtainathoroughandclearunderstandingofthetechnicalissuesassociatedwiththeproprietarymooringsoftware.

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Claim15.CreativityandInnovation/AdvancedOperation/PredictableOperationDuring2012,Iwasresponsiblefortheconceptualdesignofarockrevetmentsolutionforabeachfrontproperty.Isketched4structurallysoundandeconomicconceptualdesignoptionsforbothatypicalrockandonelayercubesolution,formyclient'sreview.Inordertocomparetherevetmentfootprintandthereforeoverallcost,Iprovidedrevetmentsolutionsbasedona1in2and1in1.5slope.Byprovidinga1in1.5slopesolutionIwasabletoshowanoverallreductionintherevetmentfootprintandtherebyprovidevalueduetoareducerockvolume.However,IclearlyhighlightedonmysketchdrawingsthattheD50(medianrocksizedefinedasthesizeforwhich50%byweightofthematerialisfiner)increasedfrom550kilogramfora1in2slopeto800kilogramfor1in1.5slope.Ihighlightedtomyclientthattheincreaseinarmoursizewasbasedonafirstprincipal'sapproach,byexplainingthatthewaveenergydissipationprovidedbythestructurewouldbelessforasteeperslope.Icreatedvaluebysuggestingtomyclientthatacostbenefitanalysisbasedonlocalquarryrateswouldberequiredinordertodeterminewhichsolutionwasmostcosteffective.Iconcludedthatthepredictedsignificantwaveheightwithinthesurfzonewouldbreakbeforereachingthestructuretoeduetodepthlimitation.IcreatedaspreadsheetandcalculatedthedepthlimitedwaveheightbasedonRandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructuresbyGoda.ItestedarangeofvaluesforeachparametertocheckthesensitivityofGoda'sequation.Forexample,Iinvestigatedwavebreakerheightsatthestructureforstormtide,HATandLAT.Duetothelowtopographyoftheproperty,itwasclearthatbreakingwaveswouldovertoptheproposedcrestatstormtideandHATwaterlevels.Irationalisedmysolution(i.e.byreducingthedesignbreakingwaveheightonthestructureandconsequentlyreducingtherockarmoursize)byconcludingthatthedesignwaveforthisparticularstructurewouldbedepthlimited.Icreatedvaluebyconcludingthatthedesignwaveheightwouldbelimitedbytherevetmentcrestlevel.Myclienthadconstructeda'quasi'revetmentwalloutof450onetonne(approximately)concreteblocks.Therevetmentwallsubsequentlyfailed,hencemydesign.Iconsideredthereuseoftheexisting450onetonne(approximately)concreteblocksinasinglelayerarmoursolution.IreferredtoTheRockManualinthefirstinstanceandfoundthatdesignexperiencewithsinglelayeredcubeswasverylimited.Duetotheconceptualnatureofmyworkandthepotentialtosavetheclientasubstantialsumofcapitalexpenditure,Ideemeditappropriatethatsinglelayercubesolutionshouldbeinvestigatedataconceptuallevelforclientreview.Ireadthepaperbytheauthor,J.W.VanderMeer,forwhichtheguidancegiveninTheRockManualisbased.IdidthistoensurethatmydesignwaswithinthevalidityboundsandfundamentalprinciplesoftheexperimentsperformedbyVandeerMeer.Mycalculationsshowedthat'breaking'theconcreteblocksinhalvehadsomefeasibility.Throughmyinvestigationsandprovisionofsketchdrawingstomyclient,Iwasabletocreatevaluefrombothasustainabilityandcostpointofview.Iprovidedvaluetomyclientbyimplementingariskbaseddesignapproach.TheVanderMeerequationwhichIutilisedallowsthesizeoftherockarmourtochangeinproportiontotheselected'damagefactor'.Aspartofmydesignbasis,Iallowedan'initial'damagefactorequivalentto'fewunitsbeingdisplaced'duringthedesignstormevent.Iinformedmyclientthatbyacceptingmydesignapproach,somemaintenancemayberequiredafterastormevent.Withmyclientacceptingsomepotentialmaintenancerequirementsofthestructure,Iwasabletoprovideasubstantialcapitalexpendituresavingbyreducingthesizeoftherockandtherocklayerthickness.

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Claim16.EvaluationIwasrequestedtocompleteaninspectionandevaluatetheconstructionofatestpanelforarockcausewaystructureforanLNGproject.Atestpanelisademonstrationofcorrectrockunderlayerandarmourplacementandmostimportantlyprovidesabaselineforacceptableconstructionpractice.IimmediatelyreviewedtherockarmourspecificationandIconcludedthatthespecificationdidnotprovidesufficientdetailonhowtoconductatestpanel.Iconcludedthatfurtherexplanationofhowatestpanelshouldbeperformedwasrequired.Ialsostatedtomyclientthatcorrectcompletionofthetestpanelalonedidnotconstitutecertificationoftheworks.Beforearrivingonsite,IreadtherelevantsectionsoftheTheRockManual,CIRIAC683(2007)withregardstotestpanelsinordertoensurethatmyadvicewascorrectandwouldnotadverselyimpacttheworks.OnceIwasonsite,IrequestedatoolboxtalkwiththeclientandcontractorwhereIexplainedtheimportanceofatestpanelanditsrelevanceasareferencepointduringconstruction.Istatedtoallpartiesthatthefollowingcriteriawouldbeadopted: Thetestpanelwouldbecompletedfortherockarmourlayeronlyastheunderlayerhadbeen

alreadyconstructed; A5metresectionwouldneedtobemarkedoutonsitewithspraypaintorsimilarapprovedby

myself; Aweighingmechanismandappropriaterecordingdocumentationoftherockarmourwasrequired

onsite; Therockamourtobeusedinthetestpanelwouldneedtobeseparatelystockpiledtoallowtimefor

myinspectionandapproval; Thetestpanelwastocommenceatlowtidetomaximisevisualinspectionofthebuiltstructure; Provisionof'asconstructed'surveyofthecore,underlayerandrockarmourlayersasperthe

specification; Anexpectedrockarmourplacementdensityof1.6to1.7tonne/m3.Iprovidedthisadditionalcriterionasmyreviewoftherockarmourspecificationdeemeditnecessary.Ialsospoketotheexcavatoroperatorandconfirmedthatthefollowingcriteriawereapplicabletohisoperations: 'Bottomup'placementofrockarmourfromthetoewasexpectedtoensureadequateinterlock; Placedrockarmourmusthavethreepointofcontacttoensureadequateinterlock; Thefaceoftherockamourshouldbeirregularinnature.Thiswascontrarytotheoperator'sviewof

rockarmourplacementsoIgaveatheoreticalexplanationinlayman'stermsonthereasoningbehindthiscriterion.

Ifirstlyinspectedtheweightscalewithinthefrontendloaderanddeemedthisasufficientmechanismtoweightherockarmour.Ideemedtheuseofafrontendloaderwasappropriateasopposedtotheuseofalternativemethodssuchasweighingeachindividualarmourrock,therebycausingminimalimpactontheworksprogramme.

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Iconfirmedthatthemarkedupsectionforthetestpanelwassufficient.Ispokewiththesurveyorandconfirmedthat'asconstructed'levelswereavailableforthecoreandunderlayerasperthespecification.Itheninspectedthestockpiledrockarmourandapproveditsqualityagainstthespecification.Ialsoretainedacopyoftherockarmourweightreceipt.AtlowtideIapprovedthecommencementofthetestpanel.IpositionedmyselfonsitewhereIcouldbestviewtheplacementofrockarmour.Afterwatchingtheexcavatoroperatorforsometime,Iconfirmedthatbucketplacementofrockarmourwassatisfactoryasopposedto'grab'placement,whichhadbeensuggestedtomeasanalternative.Whenthetestpanelconcluded,IrequestedtheexcavatoroperatortotakeGPSlevelsatthetoeandcrestofthestructure.Basedontheweightedtonnageofrockarmour,preliminarylevelstakenwiththeexcavatorandmyvisualinspection,Iwasabletocompletesomepreliminarycalculationsandevaluatethetestpanelassatisfactory.Imadethepointonsitethatmyevaluationwaspreliminaryonlyandwassubjecttofurtherchecksonce'asconstructed'surveywascomplete.Myevaluationensuredoverallqualityassurancewasmetasperthespecificationandminimalimpactontheworksprogrammewasachieved.

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Prepared by Fiona Tregoning Engineering House 11 National Circuit Barton ACT 2600 Phone: (02) 6270 6571 Fax: (02) 6273 2354 Email: ftregoning@engineersaustralia.org.au Web: www.engineersaustralia.org.au/echartered