Eco-compensation in Tai Lake Watershed

Water and Ocean Law in Times of Climate Change

1 November 2013 Liping Dai Supervisor: Marleen van Rijswick & Andrea Keessen

Contents

1. Eco-compensation

2. Water problems of Tai Lake watershed

3. Types of eco-compensation within Tai Lake watershed

4. Conclusion

1. Eco-compensation

1) Payments for ecosystem services (PES)

2) Eco-compensation

Narrow: PES-like(rewards)

Broad: rewards & others (i.e. pollution charges)

2. Water problems in Tai Lake Watershed

• Tai Lake 36,500 square kilometers, the 3rd largest, 0.4% of total land, 4.4% of population, and 10.3% of GDP.

• Transboundary pollution Jiangsu Province (52.6%), Zhejiang Province(32.8%), Shanghai(14%) and Anhui Province (0.6%)

• Agricultural pollution

• Industrial pollution 2.1 million in the Comprehensive Treatment Region (31,800 square kilometers)

3. Types of eco-compensation

1) Bidirectional eco-compensation between governments

• Selecting cross-sectional areas• Designing Base-line • Monitoring the selected areas

Legal thinking?

2) Eco-compensation between governments and farmers

Example: enclosed fish farms in East Tai Lake90% in 2008 25% in 2013• Direct cash payment• Farm resettlement

Side effect: social problems

3. Eco-compensation between governments and industries

Discharge permits paid-use

• Bubble policy (determining assimilative capacity- controlling pollutants loading cap-allocating discharge credits)

• VS. pollution discharge fees Different principles Different outcomes

• Deficiency: Pollutants limited in COD Repetitive collection

4. Eco-compensation among industries

• Emission Trading

• Deficiency

4. Conclusion

• Main feature

• Risk

Thank you !!

l.dai@uu.nl