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Submitted by ANJALI ABHASME
(K5616)
Eco-Friendly Building Materials amp Technology
Eco-Friendly Building Materials amp Technology
AIM OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVES SCOPE LIMITATIONS METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION
What is ecofriendly material
Why ecofriendly materials PROPERTIES Embodied Energy Conventional Eco-friendly materials Eco-friendly materials amp techniques Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
for VIDARBHA REGION 1 Structural System ndash
2 Masonry
3 Flooring
4 Plastering
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Contents
6 Flooring paving and road work
7 Tiles for interiors
8 Windows Doors and openings
9 Electrical
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
11 Wood
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
Case study-
CSV wardha Conclusion
Aim of the study
To study an eco-friendly building materials and technologies use in vidarbha region
Objectives
To study optimum conditions of environment in relation to climate human comfort and health
To study climate responsive techniques and material used in construction
To study how to make use of natural resources in the form of heat and light
Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials
Evaluate existing building product eco-ratingassessment systems for adopting to the Indian context
Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building product
Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials
Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies and implement it in buildings
Limitations
Study related to a selected site or a region Detailing of services
Methodology
Internet Data SearchSite visits and Market SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders Contractors and ArchitectsReview of research by HUDCO BMTPC TIFAC CBRI etc
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Eco-Friendly Building Materials amp Technology
AIM OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVES SCOPE LIMITATIONS METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION
What is ecofriendly material
Why ecofriendly materials PROPERTIES Embodied Energy Conventional Eco-friendly materials Eco-friendly materials amp techniques Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
for VIDARBHA REGION 1 Structural System ndash
2 Masonry
3 Flooring
4 Plastering
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Contents
6 Flooring paving and road work
7 Tiles for interiors
8 Windows Doors and openings
9 Electrical
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
11 Wood
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
Case study-
CSV wardha Conclusion
Aim of the study
To study an eco-friendly building materials and technologies use in vidarbha region
Objectives
To study optimum conditions of environment in relation to climate human comfort and health
To study climate responsive techniques and material used in construction
To study how to make use of natural resources in the form of heat and light
Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials
Evaluate existing building product eco-ratingassessment systems for adopting to the Indian context
Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building product
Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials
Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies and implement it in buildings
Limitations
Study related to a selected site or a region Detailing of services
Methodology
Internet Data SearchSite visits and Market SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders Contractors and ArchitectsReview of research by HUDCO BMTPC TIFAC CBRI etc
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
6 Flooring paving and road work
7 Tiles for interiors
8 Windows Doors and openings
9 Electrical
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
11 Wood
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
Case study-
CSV wardha Conclusion
Aim of the study
To study an eco-friendly building materials and technologies use in vidarbha region
Objectives
To study optimum conditions of environment in relation to climate human comfort and health
To study climate responsive techniques and material used in construction
To study how to make use of natural resources in the form of heat and light
Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials
Evaluate existing building product eco-ratingassessment systems for adopting to the Indian context
Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building product
Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials
Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies and implement it in buildings
Limitations
Study related to a selected site or a region Detailing of services
Methodology
Internet Data SearchSite visits and Market SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders Contractors and ArchitectsReview of research by HUDCO BMTPC TIFAC CBRI etc
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Aim of the study
To study an eco-friendly building materials and technologies use in vidarbha region
Objectives
To study optimum conditions of environment in relation to climate human comfort and health
To study climate responsive techniques and material used in construction
To study how to make use of natural resources in the form of heat and light
Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials
Evaluate existing building product eco-ratingassessment systems for adopting to the Indian context
Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building product
Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials
Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies and implement it in buildings
Limitations
Study related to a selected site or a region Detailing of services
Methodology
Internet Data SearchSite visits and Market SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders Contractors and ArchitectsReview of research by HUDCO BMTPC TIFAC CBRI etc
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies and implement it in buildings
Limitations
Study related to a selected site or a region Detailing of services
Methodology
Internet Data SearchSite visits and Market SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders Contractors and ArchitectsReview of research by HUDCO BMTPC TIFAC CBRI etc
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
What is Eco-friendly material Dictionary describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
US EPA ndash EPP program defines asproducts or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose1048707
An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin materials fossil fuels and othernatural resources not only by its composition but also through the manufacturing process transportation of the material and end of life recyclability
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Why eco-friendly materials
bull Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
bull Production of building materials leads to irreversible
environmental impacts bull Using eco-friendly materials is the best way
to build a eco-friendly building
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALSamp TECHNOLOGY
Reduction in air land and water pollution
Durability amp Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Reuserecycle
BiodegradableRenewable SourceReuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are ndash Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenanceit is difficult to get a material that has all these properties and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy because to the high energy required to produce them Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production
Embodied Energy
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1Bamboo Bamboo Based Partcle Board amp Ply Board Bamboo Matting
2Bricks sun dried 3Precastcement concrete blocks lintels slab
Structural and non-structural modular elements4CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels5Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7Cement Paint8Clay roofing tiles9Water polyurethane and acrylic based chemical
admixtures for corrosion removal rust prevention water proofing
10Epoxy Resin System Flooring sealants adhesives and admixtures
11Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks14Gypsum Board Tiles Plaster Blocks gypsum
plaster fibrejutesisal and glass fibrecomposites15Laminated Wood Plastic Components16Marble Mosaic Tiles17MDF Boards and Mouldings18Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19ParticalBoards20Polymerisedwater proof compound
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
21Polymerisedwater proof compound
22Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash CalcinedClay Based
23Portland Slag Cement
24RCC Door Frames
25Ready Mix Cement Concrete
26Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
27Stone dust
28Water proof compound adhesive Polymer Powder
source Seminar on eco friendly building material by
Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Eco-friendly materials amp techniques 1BagasseBoard ndashBMTPC2Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI Roorkee3Building Blocks From Mine Waste ndashSERC4Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI Roorkee5Coir Cement Board -CBRI Roorkee6Compressed Earth Blocks ndashBMTPC7EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI
Roorkee8FibreFlyashCement Boards ndashBMTPC9FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements Wall
panels Blocks Manhole Covers ndashSERC10Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI Roorkee11FlyashCellular Concrete FlyashCement Brick
Blocks -BMTPC12FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI Roorkee13FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC14Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central
Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata15Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI Roorkee17Polytiles-CBRI Roorkee18Timber from trees such as Poplar Rubber
Eucalyptus -BMTPC19Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI
Roorkee20Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI Roorkee
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
1 Structural System ndash Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain
reinforced) - cement sand aggregate steel
Base Materials for RCC and Steel Systems
a Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash Slag Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and or direct addition of pozzolana material
b Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar
c Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars
Alternatives Systemsa Ferro cement and b Pre-cast components for columns
beams slabs lofts balconies roofs etc
c Ready Mix Concreted Use Resinous curing agents
Recommended eco-friendly alternatives
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
2 Masonry Alternatives to Fired clay bricks cement concrete
blocks stone
a Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks blocks
b Pulverized debris + cement bricks blocks
c Industrial waste based bricks blocks
d Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks
e Phospho-Gypsum based blocks
f Lato blocks (laterite + cement)
g Rat trap bond (cavity wall)
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely Soil preparation Moulding
Drying and Firing The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks The amount of total
coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition quality of coal etc A
tonne of coal gives about 123MJ to 133MJ depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from
far off distances The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ
per brick
Bricks
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Brick masonry units may be solid hollow orarchitectural terra cotta
All types can serve structural function a decorative function or combination of both
The various types differ in their formation and composition Building brick also called common hard or kiln-run brick is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns These bricks have no special shoring markings surface texture or colour
Buildingbricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls the harder and more durable types are preferred
Face brick is better quality and has betterdurability and appearance than building brick Because of this face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown red gray yellow and whiteClinker brick is overburned in the kiln Clinkerbricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimesirregular in shape
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln Clinker bricks are usually rough hard durable and sometimes irregular in shape Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process rather than by kiln firing
Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces sharp edges and perfectly square corners Ordinarily they are used like face brick
Glazed brick has one surface coated with a whiteor colour ceramic glazing The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals dairies laboratoriesand other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning
Fire brick is made from a special type of clay Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces boilers andsimilar constructions
Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology offers a cost effective environmentally sound masonry system The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling roofing arched openings corbels etc
Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting raw material earth mixed with a
stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20 ndash 40 kgcm using manual soil press such as Balram A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India
The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of raw earth to attain dense even sized masonry Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks
These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and mortar less construction
The most important factor that affects the quality of a compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block They include colour particle size break-up structural stability adhesion bulk density capillary porosity specific heat moisture content permeability linear contraction and dry strength
Soil classified as clayey sands are excellent for making blocks Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kgsq cm with the BALRAM machine The optimum soil composition for compressed soilmud block is 7 gravel 53 sand 20 silt and 20 clay
Stabilised Compressed Earth Block
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
The compressed earth block overcomes these limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability
A block has high density which varies between 18 and 21 gmcc this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance
- is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group
of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel
is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth
block can be used for construction ofhouses Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective
Advantages
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Fly Ash Brick Fly Ash Brick machine made Bricks are
manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength amp low water absorption
Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features
Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape
Apart from these we also offer concrete bricks cement bricks blocks and square concrete bricks These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes sizes colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick
Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
STONE -
The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand BC established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent
Stone has been defined as natural heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl which are present in rock Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure
Classification of building stone - Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups
bullIgneous ndash ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state
bullSedimentary ndash sedimentary rocks are composed of sand clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles
bullMetamorphic rocks ndash it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure heat action of water or a combination of water
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Uses of stone -
Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost For structural purposes granite gneiss trap sand stone lime stone marble quartzite and slate are most useful Foundation and wall items ndash quarry split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e sand stone dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls piers abutement etc Facing and architectural items ndash facing slab and stone stairs and landing parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull ground sawn pointed fluted or rock finish Facing slab stone of granite besalt gabbro marbel breccia limestone sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Masonry Using The lsquoRat-Trap Bondrsquo Technology
IntroductionThe rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym `Sangramarsquo)
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
middot The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8rdquo or 9rdquothicknessesmiddot Its strength is equal to standard 9rdquo brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant based on observations made after an earthquake)middot The air medium that is created by the bond helpsmaintaining a good thermal comfort inside the buildingmiddot As the construction is appealing to the eye both internallyamp externally plastering is not necessarymiddot 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR 6454- as against the traditional 9rdquo wall that costs LKR 8759-(These amounts are as of March 2005)middot The overall cost saving on this wall compared to thetraditional 9rdquo wall is about 26
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4 (100 mm) with alternate course of stretchers and headersThe headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the wallsAdvantages-bullStrength is equal to standard 9 (229mm) brick wall but consumes 20 less bricks bullThe air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building bullAs the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally amp externally plastering is not necessary bullThe overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 25 bullAn ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option bullIt is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred But if you plan your services at an early stage of design it can enrich your building You can also save on plastering cost and materials and on future costs of re-painting (its maintenance-free)
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
This technology has about 25 overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9 construction The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25 as with conventional English bond (9rsquorsquothk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption
Disadvantages-bullIt has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap bullThe other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing If you break one brick then more than one brick will fall down
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (T-Joint)
For extra stability-- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
CSV Mud House
Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door amp windows Terracotta Flooring
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Tile-faced Mud Blocks
Several combinations of the locally available Black Cotton (BC) soil which has good binding properties with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks
One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles However the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers
This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in dilapidated walls
CSVrsquos Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of mud with weather resistance of terra cotta
One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof skin a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region
These tiles draw on these skills and resources for this new product
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
The tiles are made with simple techniques using wooden moulds The face tiles measures 9rdquo x 4rdquo x frac12 ldquo and has a key 1rdquokey projection Householders can also make it
One woman can make 250 such tiles a day which can then be baked locally by the village potter Each face tile costs 40 p or less
The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any
other binding material ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing
The mud blocks are made from 80 murum amp 20 BC soil or clayey soil using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands
If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled
For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused
can themselves make the blocks For a villager houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making Each block costs about Rs 150- (withoutfacing tile)
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Construction of tile faced mud block wall
outer view
Tile Faced Mud Block
Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Detailed process of making of tile faced
mud blocks
Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight
Outside View Inside View Mud Plastering
TILE FACED MUD BLOCK
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
FACED TILESBurnt Clay Face Tile
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES
1
5
4
2
3
87
6
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
ldquoGunardquo in Telugu is a tapering burnt clay pipe The familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two
These ldquoGunardquo tapering pipes can be socketed into one another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering
A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of withstanding considerable loads ndash upto 1 tonm2
The top of the roof is given a plaster finish After joints are filled and topped with plaster the roof becomes rigid and waterproof doing totally without steel or timber
The cost of this roof works out to Rs 20sqft The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most
suitable for disaster prone areas like flood amp earthquake as it is quick to build comfortable to live and low in cost
Guna Vault Roof
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat and cold A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof
It has no under structure yet can bear weight of 1000 kgm2
It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days
Requires no maintenance and has life span of more than 50 years
It is not affected by rain hail or wind Being light in weight (less than 12 kgsqft)
the vault roof is safe even in earthquakes Even if the mud walls collapse the roof
remains intact residing on pillars and beams
Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
They are supported by gable walls at both ends Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner completing the roof ring by ring
Limecement mortar is now poured on the roof trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat
Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within 12 hours to allow natural setting
bullAfter construction of brick pillars ring beams and gable walls the MS trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles Now GI pipes (12 mm dia 10 nos) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES amp FACED WALL TILES
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN(Loading process)
BURNING OF TILES IN THE
POTTERY KILN
BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN
(Unloading process)
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING
FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING
LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH
OTHER
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW
(Ready for plaster)
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster
REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING
GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF
Second coat of Cement Plaster
completed
CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
3FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished in green colour with brick red borders
Alternatively flooring can also be mud or terracotta tile or stone tile finished
DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns
Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood where as internal doors are in block board
WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
4 Plastering ndash Alternatives to Cement sand plaster of paris
gypsum
a Calcium Silicate Plasterb Cement Plaster c Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster d Phosphor-Gypsum Plastere Non-erodable Mud Plaster
Gypsum plasterGypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire So gypsum plaster not only use by ceiling design or interiors design but in other countries they use as passsive fire protection and fireproofing too The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fireIf we use a gypsum plaster to make our ceiling design we have a lot off advantage One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire Gypsum plaster easier for the installation cause just have many step Gypsum plaster free from insect
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Critical Factors
1 Proportion of mud and bitumen 2 Mixing of mud 3 Finishing 4 Availability of bitumen
1 Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2 For every 0035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3 Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER
Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk
Add mud to the collected rice husk
Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead
knead thoroughly
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering
Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster
Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water
Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling
1Characteristic It is a new type of decorative material made of gypsum power fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula
2Strength with the unique intensity enhanced formula ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard In addition it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high
3 Fireproof Class A incombustibility
4Waterproof ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula possesses a well performed waterproof feature The product does not distort after immersing in water There is no water stain
after drying
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Performance
Fireproof
Class A incombustibility Environmental friendly
Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry
Humidity absorption
Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air adjusting the indoor temperature enjoys the reputation of ldquonatural air conditioningrdquo
Waterproof
The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours it can be used in the environment with above 95 humidity
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
5 Roofing and ceiling-
Alternatives to Ferrous non-ferrous sheets tiles thatch
a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC Polycarbonates acrylics amp plastics
b Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles c Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Raw Material Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
The main raw material for the production of BMCS is bamboo which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands For manufacturing BMCS bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by ruraltribal people particularly women Thus the product is both environment and people friendly
The technology for manufacture of Bamboo Mat Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet
Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets Some of the salient features of our roof sheets for which they are widely used includes the followingDurable
Corrosion resistance High grade material
bulldurable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products bullWidely used in various industries the product has the following featuresCorrosion resistanceSimple setupSturdy constructionFlexibleThese sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades warehouses swimming pools gardens terrace open to sky areas parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
6 Flooring paving and road work
Alternatives to wood stone ceramics concrete
a Fly ash industrial waste pulverized debris blocks in BPC
b Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving
c Bedding sand from pulverized debris
7 Tiles for interiorsa Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi
covered areas b Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified)c Mosaic Tiles Terrazzo Flooring d Cement Tiles e Phospho-Gypsum Tiles f Bamboo Board Flooring
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo
bull FSC Wood Flooring
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Linoleum Cork and Bamboo Rapidly renewable natural materials
Linoleum All natural renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance
material Virtually limitless creative design
opportunities countertops included Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life
Cork Flooring Rapidly renewable material with superior
durability characteristics Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Bamboo Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable ndash great
life cycle Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring Strand
and Solid Available from sustainably managed sources
Eco-Friendly Countertops Recycled glass paper and plastic
Recycled Glass
bull 85 glassbull 100 of the glass is recycled in the USAbull Manufactured in the USAbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Cradle to Cradle Certifiedbull No off-gassing
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Compressed Paper
Recycled Plastic
bull Up to 100 Post ndash Consumer recycled paperbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull PaperStone Certified contains 100recycled paper and is certified by the FSC
Recycled Plastic 3-Form 100bull 100 recycled plasticbull Diverts waste from the landfillbull Up-cycled into higher qualitybull Reduces the demand for virgin materialsbull Entirely Recyclable
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
EARTH FLOORING 1 Remove all organic matter from earth
2 Mud should be thoroughly mixed
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
8 Windows Doors and openings ndash Steel aluminum timber glass RCC PVC
Stonea Ferro cement and Pre-cast RCC lintel
chajja and jalisb Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum
Steel frames a Ferrocement b Pre-cast RCC Frames Frameless Doors c Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Framesd Hollow recycled steel channels and
recycled Aluminium Channels and Components
Shutters and Panels ndash alternatives to timber plywood glass aluminum
a Red Mud based Composite door shutters b Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c Other wood alternatives
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
9 Electrical Alternatives for Aluminum brass PVC GI SSa Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE productsb Where applicable use products with recycled
aluminum and brass components
10 Water supply Sanitary and Plumbing System
a RCC uPVC GI CI pipes instead of lead AC pipes
b Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings fixtures and accessories
c Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot cold water system instead of GI
d Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of CI
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
11 Wood Renewable timber from plantations with
species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest plantation or timber from salvaged wood
Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded
Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood
Bamboo PlyMat Board Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board Bagasse Board Coir Composite Board Bamboo mat Veneer Composite Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board Recycled Laminated Tube Board Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
12 Water proofing chemicals additives sealants and adhesives
a Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based
b Epoxy resins instead of tar felt pitch
13Painting Polishing Priming and similar surface finishing
a Use of Cement Paint Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces
b Use of Water based paints enamels primers and polishes
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Conclusion Eco friendly locally available materials
and there techniques are simple to
use costless and environment safe
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
Bibliography
httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart EnviroGadgetcombull httpwwwbuildingmaterialorgbull wwwautomation-drivecomconcrete-blockbull A handbook of csv housing technologybull httpwwwnaturalbuilthomecom httpwwwgreen2greenorg httpwwwgreenhomeguideorg httpwwwbuildingreuseorg httpwwwfscorg httpwwwthenaturalsteporgcomnyStart
bullSeminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs Zigisha Mhaskar
THANK YOUhellip
THANK YOUhellip