Eco San Promotion Project - EPP a Component of the Water Sector Reform Programme

EcoSan Promotion Project - EPP

Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008 1


a Component of the

Water Sector Reform Programme



NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS

Closing the loopbetween sanitation

and agriculture

FOODFOOD

Pathogen destruction



Shortcomings of conventional water carriage sanitation

Unsatisfactory purification or uncontrolled discharge of more than 90 % of wastewater worldwide

Severe water pollution, unbearable health risks

Consumption of precious water for transport of waste

High investment, energy, operating and maintenance costs

Frequent subsidization of prosperous areas and neglect of poorer settlements

Loss of valuable nutrients and trace elements contained in excrements due to discharge into waters

Problems with contaminated sewage sludge in combined, central systems

Linear end-of-pipe technology



Advantages of ecological sanitation

Improvement of health by minimizing the introduction of pathogens from human excrements into the water cycle

Promotion of safe, hygienic recovery and use of nutrients, organics, trace elements, water and energy

Preservation of soil fertility, Improvement of agricultural productivity

Conservation of resources

Preference for modular, decentralised partial-flow systems for more appropriate, cost-efficient solutions

Promotion of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach

Material flow cycle instead of disposal



Retention of solids

Infiltration of liquids

Polluted groundwaterNitrates

Viruses

Pathogens

Shortcomings of Conventional „drop and store“ Sanitation



Main Intervention lines for pilot implementations:

1. Single households

2. Public institutions like (boarding) schools, prisons, and small hospitals

3. Public places, such as markets, bus parks, and boat landings

4. Informal Settlements


7

Identified Pilot Areas for Implementation of EcoSan clusters (green)

Sanitation Hot Spots (yellow) of Low Sanitation Coverage

Frequent Cholera OutbreaksHigh Water Tables

Unstable / Infertile Soils Flood Occurrence

High Poverty Index

Capacity Building on Sustainable & Environmental Friendly Sanitation for

MWI, WSTF, WSBWSP & Private SectorCivil Society / Communities



Up to 21 pit latrines on one school compound

Rural boarding school with basic sanitation by costly

erected but poorly maintained VIP-latrines.(left)

Remains of more than 30 abundant pit latrines on school

compound in Nyanza (right)

Typical Situations in Schools



Principles of an Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet



ground level2 %

22823

362

100

10

0

90

60

ground level

20

11

30

80 1125

gully (sloping towards the outside)

urine collection

tank

70

break-through for leachate discharge

Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet - UDDT

EcoSan Technologies



Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet - UDDT

~ 95

A

A

~ 95

146

100

100 89

362

ventilation pipe 23 23

23

200

346

C C

80

116

11

B

B

11leachate garden

2325

11

to greywater garden

urine collection

compartment

D D

116

EcoSan Technologies



•

1. Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilets on household and school (staff) levels

2. Low Flush Toilets connected to Biogas-Digesters & constructed wetlands for Institutions

3. Bio-Latrine-Centres for Public Places and Informal Settlements

12

EcoSan Technologies Implemented

Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilets - UDDTs



ALDEF, UDDT Installations in North-Eastern / Madogashe



Dissemination of UDDTs in Western and Nyanza

Cluster approach:Double Door UDDTs for

Staff in SchoolsAnd Single Household

Installations in the Environment of the School



Increase implementation Speed by Training of Artisans

Training on-the–job by adding at least 2 trainees to

each of the experiencedEcoSan artisans

(Western and Nyanza Province)


40 m3 Ferro cement water tank for rainwater harvesting

at Khaimba Primary School / Western Province




For large scale roll out of UDDT bring down unit costs and support Community based Organisations

Low cost UDDTs withsingle drying chamber

unit cost approx. 23.000 KES(Nyanza)



Advantages of Urine Diverting De-hydratiing Toilets - UDDTs:

no water usage good for areas with floods and unstable soil conditions enables the use of urine as fertiliser (N, P – fertiliser) and sanitised

faeces (organic fertiliser) in agriculture feaces are sanitised when collecting chamber needs to be discharged prevents contamination of groundwater with pathogenes, nitrate, etc

(no leaching of sewage) permanent construction (VIPs latrines mostly require the construction

of a new one, when the pit is filled up) can be built and maintained with local material and knowledge

EcoSan Technologies

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Eco San Promotion Project - EPP a Component of the Water Sector Reform Programme

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