Eco Town & Implementation of CT in JP Company;(examples in JP)
Shuji Kawata, JICA Senior Volunteer
Work in Division 2 of Sectoral Industries Development(D2SID)
Department of Industry Promotion(DIP)
Contents
Implementation of Eco Town in Japan
①Purpose and profile of Eco-Town Project
②Outcomes and issues
Implementation of CT ; examples in JP
①Automobile industry
②Food processing company
③Chemical company
2
Purpose and profile of Eco-Town Project
Background
JP Economy growth continues, but there are some issues
→ mass generation of waste, and lack of final landfill site
0
100
200
300
400
500
1990 1992 1994 1996
Amount of industrial waste and public waste
industrial waste public waste
Amount of landfilled waste in 1997 ; 79 million ton. (waste were processed by some ways to final stuff)If the same amount of landfilled waste would go on, 3-5 years later landfill site overflow( construction of new landfill site was difficult)
(ref. 片岡直樹,現代法学,22(8),175-190 (2012) 3
Purpose and profile of Eco-Town ProjectPurpose and Profile of Eco-Town
Central Government promoted an Eco-Town Project, aiming for the construction of a resources-recycling economic society through the development of industrial industries by utilizing local industrial accumulations, the prevention, and the promotion of recycling of wastes based on the uniqueness of local district.
Resources-recycling economic society (Eco-Town)① zero emission (no emitted wastes from the area)② promote an local community
Local industrial accumulation
Recycling facilities
Encourage residents
Resources mass-waste society
Promote to new society
3R
(ref. ｴｺﾀｳﾝ事業,経済産業省HP,(2007）
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Central Government
Scheme of Eco-Town Project
Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry Ministry of Environment
Eco-Town Plan formulated by Local Authority
Joint Approval
・Maintenance of Leading Recycling Facilities・Maintenance of Research and Development Bases
Subsidy by Local Authority Execution of Project by Local Authority
Execution of Project, Investment
Participation in Project
Local Enterprises Citizens
・Encouragement of Dissemination・Provision of Information
Others
(ref. ｴｺﾀｳﾝ事業,経済産業省HP,(2007）5
Eco-Town Project & implementation of CT
Approved Eco-Town Area
26 areas were approvedand 62 facilities were provided financial support(1997-2005)
(ref. ｴｺﾀｳﾝ事業,経済産業省HP,(2007）
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Eco-Town Project & implementation of CT
Example ; Kitakyushu City
1998-2003
Place Kitakyushu City
Area (ha/km2) 141/1.41
Investment amount (billion yen/billion baht)
57.8/17.68 (Municipality : 6/1.84, Government : 10.7/3.27, Private Sector : 41.1/12.57)
Facilities 45 (including for experimental studies)
Persons involved Approx. 1,200 (including part-timers)
Visitors 580,000 persons in total (1998-March 2006)
Total Economic Ripple Effect and Evaluation
Effect for inducing production(billion yen/billion baht) 109.3/33.42
Effect for inducing added value(billion yen/billion baht) 56.1/17.16
Effect for creating employment 6,470 persons
As of end of March 2006
1. Contribute to the promotion of new industries in the city
2. Contribute to the promotion of 3R in the region
3. Utilize funds from private sectors, the central government, etc., to a maximum extent
1. Plastic bottle recycling facility2. Home electrical appliances
recycling facility3. OA equipment recycling facility4. Automobile recycling facility5. Fluorescent light recycling
facilityetc.
(ref. ｴｺﾀｳﾝ事業,経済産業省HP,(2007）
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Outcomes and issues
Period of Eco-Town Project 1997(start) – 2006(end)
Approved Eco-Town 26 areas (62 facilities)
Reduction in final disposal 70 % reduction
Reduction in CO2 emission 500,000-ton / year
Subsidy / ripple effect 60 billions / 165 billions
Contribution to recycle in JP Plastic bottle recycle; 10%Home electrical appliances recycle; 16%
Recycle ratio of waste in Eco-Town 91% (input 22 billion-ton / in 2007)
It becomes harder to obtain materials in stable (increasing in exporting to overseas)
It hard to sell recycled products smoothly (high price by high level treatment)
Limited usage of recycled products (from quality aspect)
1. Formation of adequate circulation recycling (upgrade supply chain)
2. Measures for preventing global warming region (Promotion of 3R that consider CO2 emissions)
<outcomes from Eco-Town>
<problems of Eco-Town><future issues>
(ref. 森口健生,みずほ情報総研(2013））(ref. ｴｺﾀｳﾝ事業,経済産業省HP,(2007） 8
Eco-Town PJ and Progress of 3R Related laws Techniques Eco-Town Project
1995 Container and Packaging Recycling Law
1997 Waste disposal treatment Law
1998 Home Appliance Recycling Law
2000 Construction Material Recycling Law
The Basic Act for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society
Law for the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources
Food Waste Recycling Law
2001 PCB special measures Law
2002 Law for the Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles
2003 The Basic Plan for Promoting a Sound Material-Cycle Society
2006
Start
end
Reuse
Recycle, Reduce
Measures to hazardous substances
(ref. 片岡直樹,現代法学,22(8),175-190 (2012) を改変）
3R;Reduce,Reuse,Recycle
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Contents
Implementation of Eco Town in Japan
①Purpose and profile of Eco-Town Project
②Outcomes and issues
Implementation of CT ; examples in JP
①Automobile industry
②Food processing company
③Chemical company
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Clean Technology and 3R in companiesWhat is CT ; technique to resolve the environmental problems of earth.
regenerative energy, solar energy, wind power generation,
biomass fuel, smart grid, water purification system etc.
→ Reduce a load to environment
CT in Companies ; Reduce a load to environment using
all available technologies
3R(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is main concept
and then have to clean wastewater, exhausted gas
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(Hazaki, Ibaraki pref., JP)
3R in automaker
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources (3R)Law
Product Design Waste Management
Reduce For designated products:- Weight reduction / Downsizing- Longer product life- Reduced use of hazardous substances
For designated areas of activity:- Reduction / recycling of designated waste products
generated in vehicle manufacturing operations:1) Scrap metals; 2)Casting sand residue
Reuse For designated products:- Use of recyclable materials- Ease of dismantling- Ease of sorting- Non-hazardous recycling- Materials identification
Recycle Actual volume of waste destined for landfill disposal:300 tons in 2014
Table：Auto Industry Measures in Line with Japan’s “3R” Law
0
100
Waste (ton)
Production Plant-Generated Waste Volumes 1998-2014
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 201412
（from HP of jP Automobile Manufacturers Association)
Examples of 3R in auto-makers
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Put iron plate ends into blast furnace, reuse as iron materials
Make bumpers from collected bumpers
Now working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 gas). Development of next-generation vehicles (fuel cell, electric, clean diesel), further improving of conventional internal combustion engines, and promoting smoother traffic flow
ReuseRecycle
Reuse & Recycle of used oil filter
(data from Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
3R in Food Processing (Yakult)
Eco-friendly packaging Promoting 3R regarding containers and packaging items1. Biomass shrink labels for PET containers2. Thinner shrink labels for New Yakult etc.3. Weight of bottles has been reduced by 4.5g (▲202t/year in
glass consumption)4. Some PET bottles were switched to short-flap cardboard
boxes.(▲ 10t /year in cardbord box consumption)
Yakult A&G Water Purification System
This system uses Yakult containers with the bottoms removed as tools for culturing microorganisms that break down contaminants. (activated sludge ▲1/2)Dairy products plants
140
2000
4000
2011 2012 2013 2014
Emission volume of waste products at Yakult Honsha plants
(from CSR report of Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd.)
Activities in Yakult
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Flow of used container
used container from factories
break into pieces Regenerate plastics
Recycled products Ruler Card Opener
etc.
Recycle companies
Opened container’s bottom
Yakult A&G Water Purification SystemMicroorganisms take up residence on the Yakult containers, break down contaminants
Purified water
(from CSR report of Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd.)
3R Examples in a chemical company (NKC)
① Organization & Products
② Examples of CT
1. Energy-saving activities (decrease CO2 emission)
2.Initiatives of Clean Eco Technology Project
Headquarter
pharmaceuticals
Functional chemicals
Safety systems
agrochemicals Kashima plant
Himeji plant
Fukuyama plant, Asa plant, Tokyo plant
Takasaki plant
agrochemicals
Automobile airbag inflators, micro gas
generators
Color materials, catalysts, functional materials
pharmaceuticals
Each business unit is like-SME
16(from Nipponkayaku Co., Ltd. CSR report)
Energy saving activities (NKC); decrease CO2 emission
Head office
Plant A Plant B Subsidiary A Group company A
Effective operation of high- load equipment
● ● ● ● ●
Installation of solar panels ● ●
Review of lighting (LED etc.)
● ● ● ●
Electric power saving(air-conditioning,refrigerator, light, etc.)
● ● ● ● ●
Solar heat block file/paint ● ● ●
Green plant curtain ● ● ● ●
Gas co-generation system ● ● ●
Saving of steam ● ● ● ●
3R of raw materials ● ● ● ●
---- 17
Clean Eco Technology Project (NKC)Background ;
wastewater and waste matter treatment costs are on rise and are expected to continue increasing in the future. (Promote steady progress on 3R )
Target ;
develop wastewater treatment technique (more efficient technique, decoloration)
using 3R concept
Examples ;
① recovery of alcohol from alcohol-containing-wastewater, use the alcohol as cleaner
② improvement of aerobic bacterial treatment (use microbubble technique)
③ decoloration of dye-containing wastewater now on going (using 3R concept)
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Most efficiently dissolves in water
Clean Eco Technology Project (NKC)② improvement of aerobic bacterial treatment (use microbubble technique)
NKC plants installed ultrafine bubble diffuser pipes for their conventional activated sludge tanks, which has helped to increase wastewater treatmentcapacity and reduce costs. (reduced electricity 50-70%. So decreased CO2 emission)
(from MISUZU-KOUGYOU CO., Ltd. http// www.misuzu-i.com/)
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summary
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“Eco-Town Project” in JP (1997-2006)
Promoted 3R activities in the area and JP society, decreased landfilled waste (zero emission). Next target is reduction of CO2.
3R activities are promoted by establishment of 3R Laws, initiative of “Eco-Town Project” and cooperation of industry and citizens.
Activities of Enterprise
Implemented 3R, lowered production cost. Now they are working on improvement of production efficiency, reduction of CO2 emission, conservation of environment.
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Thank you for your attention
