Ecocat catalysts tests synthesis - Presentation contents

INGAS - Integrated GAS Powertrain24 months Meeting, 27-28 October, 2010

Project number: 218447Project number: 218447 27-28 October 2010 27-28 October 2010

Ecocat catalysts tests synthesis - Presentation contentsEcocat catalysts tests synthesis - Presentation contents

• Catalyst test preparation• Test protocols• Results of equivalence ratio sensitivity• Results of light-off tests• Conclusions of the catalyst evaluation phase



Catalyst test preparationCatalyst test preparation

Prototype catalysts to be tested

Sample Proto n° PGM loading(g/ft3) Pd:Rh Cost

#1 9255 23208 120 g/ft3 11:1 €

#2 9256 23207 120 g/ft3 23:1 €€

#3 9257 23209 200 g/ft3 19:1 €€€€

#4 9258 23210 200 g/ft3 39:1 €€€

#5 9259 23211 250 g/ft3 Pd-only €€€€€

Catalysts were aged with RAH (Rapid Aging Hot) protocol by Ecocat

Volume = 1.47 L



Test protocols

Ecocat Catalysts testsEcocat Catalysts tests

Variations of equivalence ratio

The objective is to determine the best equivalence ratio regarding the conversion trade-off for HC, CO and NOx and the equivalence ratio sensitivitySteady state condition on the 3000 rpm - 7 bar of BMEP with G20 fuel, exhaust flow = 110 kg/h, T inlet catalyst = 500 °C, GHSV = 166 000 h-1

Light-off tests

The catalyst is warmed-up from 100 °C to 500 °C on the same operating point 3000 rpm – 7 bar, with the optimal equivalence ratio determined above.Light-off temperatures at different conversion rates were computed for each species



Catalyst #23207 (120 g/ft3, Pd:Rh = 23:1 )

• Maximum HC conversion = 55% at 1.003

• Max CO conversion = 88%

• Max NOx conversion = 85%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05

Equivalence ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

HC (dry)

CO

NOx (dry)

T°inlet catalyst

T° 60 mm inside catalyst

Equivalence ratio sensitivity Equivalence ratio sensitivity

11



Catalyst Catalyst #23208#23208 120 g/ft3, Pd:Rh = 11:1

55

22 33

44

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05

Equivalence ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

HC (dry)

CO

NOx (dry)

T°inlet catalyst

T° 60 mm insidecatalyst

CatalystCatalyst #2320923209 200 g/ft3, Pd:Rh = 19:1


Catalyst Catalyst #23211#23211 250 g/ft3,Pd only

Equivalence ratio sensitivityEquivalence ratio sensitivity

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05

Equivalence ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

HC (dry)

CO

NOx (dry)

T°inlet catalyst


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05

Equivalence ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

HC (dry)

CO

NOx (dry)

T°inlet catalyst

T° 60 mm inside catalyst0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.960 0.970 0.980 0.990 1.000 1.010 1.020 1.030 1.040 1.050

Equivalence ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

HC (dry)

CO

NOx (dry)

T°inlet catalyst




CO conversion rate > 80%

0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020

# 23207

# 23208

# 23209

# 23210

# 23211

Equivalence ratio (-)

Equivalence ratio sensitivity summaryEquivalence ratio sensitivity summary

NOx conversion rate > 80%

0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020

# 23207

# 23208

# 23209

# 23210

# 23211


1122

33

44

55

HC conversion rate > 50%

0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020

# 23207

# 23208

# 23209

# 23210

# 23211


1122

33

44

55

44



Conversion efficiency for optimal equivalence ratio

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

# 23207 # 23208 # 23209 # 23210 # 23211

Co

nve

rsio

n e

ffic

ien

cy a

t th

e b

est

equ

ival

ence

ra

tio

(%

)

0.999

1

1.001

1.002

1.003

1.004

1.005

1.006

1.007

1.008

1.009

Bes

t eq

uiva

lenc

e ra

tio

CO NOx HC/CH4 Best equivalence ratio

Equivalence ratio sensitivity summaryEquivalence ratio sensitivity summary

11 22 33 44 55



Catalyst #23207 (120 g/ft3, Pd:Rh = 23:1 )

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500T inlet catalyst (°C)

Co

nve

rsio

n (

%)

0.99

0.995

1

1.005

1.01

Eq

uiv

alen

ce r

atio

(-)

HCCH4NOxO2COEquivalence ratio

Catalyst light-off REF INGAS 23207 (aged) - G20 - 3000 rpm / 7 bar

Light-off tests Light-off tests




55

22 33

44

CatalystCatalyst #2320923209 200 g/ft3, Pd:Rh = 19:1


Catalyst Catalyst #23211#23211 250 g/ft3,Pd only

Light-off tests Light-off tests

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500Tin catalyst (°C)

Co

nve

rsio

n (

%)

0.95

0.97

0.99

1.01

1.03

1.05


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500Tin catalyst (°C)

Co

nve

rsio

n (

%)

0.95

0.97

0.99

1.01

1.03

1.05


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500Tin catalyst (°C)

Co

nv

ers

ion

(%

)

0.95

0.97

0.99

1.01

1.03

1.05


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500Tin catalyst (°C)

Co

nv

ers

ion

(%

)

0.95

0.97

0.99

1.01

1.03

1.05




Light-off tests summaryLight-off tests summary

Light-off temperatures for HC conversion

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

30% 40% 50% 70% 80%

Conversion rate (%)

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

# 23207 # 23208 # 23209

# 23210 # 23211

HC conversionHC conversion Light-off temperatures for CO conversion

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

30% 40% 50% 70% 80%

Conversion rate (%)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

# 23207 # 23208 # 23209

# 23210 # 23211

CO conversionCO conversion

Light-off temperatures for NOx conversion

240

280

320

360

400

440

480

30% 40% 50% 70% 80%

Conversion rate (%)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

# 23207 # 23208 # 23209

# 23210 # 23211

NOx conversionNOx conversion

11 22 33 44 55



Maximum efficiency during light-off tests

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

# 23207 # 23208 # 23209 # 23210 # 23211

Catalyst

Eff

icie

ncy

(%

)

HC/CH4 CO NOx

Light-off tests summaryLight-off tests summary

11 22 33 44 55



Conclusions of the catalyst evaluation phaseConclusions of the catalyst evaluation phase

Equivalence ratio sensitivity tests

In steady state conditions (T inlet catalyst = 500 °C, GHSV = 166 000 h-1), the prototype #23210 (200 g/ft3 ; Pd:Rh = 39:1) presents the largest equivalence ratio range. Maximum HC conversion efficiency is 80% at 1.001 (slightly rich mixture), while maximum CO and NOx conversion efficiency are 90%.

Light-off tests

In light-off tests conditions, the prototypes #23210 (200 g/ft3 ; Pd:Rh = 39:1) and #23211 (250 g/ft3 ; Pd only) display the lowest light-off temperatures.Regarding the cost difference, the #23210 reference could be selected for the next phases.

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