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Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow...

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Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships Ecological Succession Environmental Problems and Issues Deforestation Eutrophication Water pollution Biomagnification Air pollution Atmospheric Problems Acid Rain Ozone Depletion Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming Renewable Energy Sources Biodiversity Loss Human Population Density What We Can Do
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Page 1: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Ecology and Ecological Health

• Ecology Defined• Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle• Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem• Symbiotic Relationships• Ecological Succession• Environmental Problems and Issues

– Deforestation– Eutrophication– Water pollution– Biomagnification– Air pollution– Atmospheric Problems

• Acid Rain• Ozone Depletion• Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

– Renewable Energy Sources– Biodiversity Loss– Human Population Density

• What We Can Do

Page 2: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Ecology = Study of the interaction of living and non-living things

Abiotic (non-living factors)

Biotic (living) factors

Sun

Page 3: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Food Chain

Pyramid of energy

Quaternary consumer- carnivore

Tertiary consumer –carnivore

Secondary consumer-carnivore

Primary consumer-herbivore

Primary producer

(autotroph)

Less biomass,

fewer organisms

Page 4: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Tertiary consumer

Quaternary consumer

The more biodiversity, the more complex the food web andthe more stable the community is.

Page 5: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Symbiotic Relationships

Flea sucking blood from a dog

Lamprey eels attached to fish

Barnacles on a whale

Clown fish among sea anemone tentacles

Mycorrhizal fungi on pine seedling roots

Ants living on an acacia tree

Parasitism

One party benefits One

party is harmed

Commensalism

One party benefits One party

is unaffected

MutualismBoth parties

benefit

Page 6: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Ecological Succession

Primary succession: progressive replacement of communities starting with bare rock (no soil); e.g after a glacier recedes

Secondary succession: replacement of communities starting with soil but no vegetation (e.g. after forest fire, bulldozing)

Page 7: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Deforestation

Page 8: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Human Impact and Global Concerns

• Flow of Energy; Food Chains• Deforestation• Eutrophication• Water pollution: Controlling Human Waste• Biomagnification• Air pollution• Atmospheric Problems

– Acid Rain– Ozone Depletion– Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

• Renewable Energy Sources• Biodiversity Loss• Human Population Density• What We Can Do

Page 9: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

EutrophicationFertilizer run-off stimulates plant growth,

decomposition, and loss of oxygen

Page 10: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Sewage Treatment Encourages Eutrophication in a Controlled Setting to Reduce Nitrates and

Phosphates

Page 11: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Human Impact and Global Concerns

• Flow of Energy; Food Chains• Deforestation• Eutrophication• Water pollution: Controlling Human Waste• Biomagnification• Air pollution• Atmospheric Problems

– Acid Rain– Ozone Depletion– Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

• Renewable Energy Sources• Biodiversity Loss• Human Population Density• What We Can Do

Page 12: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Biomagnification of Pollutant Concentrations

Pollutants are toxic in high concentrations per gram of tissue

Page 13: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Human Impact and Global Concerns

• Flow of Energy; Food Chains• Deforestation• Eutrophication• Water pollution: Controlling Human Waste

• Biomagnification• Air pollution• Atmospheric Problems

– Acid Rain– Ozone Depletion– Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

• Renewable Energy Sources• Biodiversity Loss• Human Population Density• What We Can Do

Page 14: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Acid Rain

Page 15: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Damaging Effects of UV Light fromChlorofluorocarbon Destruction of Ozone

Page 16: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Ozone Depletion

Page 17: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Carbon Dioxide and World AverageTemperature Increases

Page 18: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

The Greenhouse Effect of Carbon Dioxide

Biggest contributor to atmospheric

CO2

Page 19: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Human Impact and Global Concerns

• Flow of Energy; Food Chains• Deforestation• Eutrophication• Water pollution: Controlling Human Waste• Biomagnification• Air pollution• Atmospheric Problems

– Acid Rain– Ozone Depletion– Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

• Renewable Energy Sources• Biodiversity Loss• Human Population Density• What We Can Do

Page 20: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Need for Renewable, Non-Fossil Fuel Sources of Energy

Page 21: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Loss of Biodiversity Makes Ecosystems More Fragile

Increasing likelihood of catastrophic failure of ecosystem

Loss of habitat, introduction of alien species

Page 22: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Population Density: The Major Factor in Environmental Impact

The US “Lower 48” scaled on population density

The US “Lower 48” land mass

Page 23: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Human Impact and Global Concerns

• Flow of Energy; Food Chains• Deforestation• Eutrophication• Water pollution: Controlling Human Waste• Biomagnification• Air pollution• Atmospheric Problems

– Acid Rain– Ozone Depletion– Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

• Renewable Energy Sources• Biodiversity Loss• Human Population Density• What We Can Do

Page 24: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Managing Solid Waste

1.

2

3.

Precycling

Limiting what and how much you buy based on packaging

Page 25: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Basic Steps Towards Environmental Stewardship

1. Reduce, reuse, recycle2. Precycle, exercise product choice3. Use ecologically sensitive

transportation (reduce CO2, oil, antifreeze releases)

4. Reduce chemical use (solvents, paints, pesticides, herbicides)

5. Eat lower on the food chain6. Advocate sustainable and renewable

practices7. Get involved in community habitat

restoration (e.g. www.hylebos.org)

Page 26: Ecology and Ecological Health Ecology Defined Biochemical Cycles: The Carbon Cycle Energy Flow Through a Community or Ecosystem Symbiotic Relationships.

Environmental Stewardship: Getting Involved


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