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Ecology and our WorldEcology The study of interactions between
living things and their environment
Levels in Ecology1. Individual A single member of a
species2. Population A group of individuals
of a species.3. Community Several species in an
area.4. Ecosystem Living and nonliving
things in an area
5. Biosphere All the biomes
How do organisms interact?Producers - organisms that
produce their own energy, and are food for other organisms.
Consumers
They are also called autotrophs
- organisms that have to eat other organisms for their energy
They are also called heterotrophs
Consumers come in a wide variety
Herbivores - Organisms that eat only plant material.
Carnivores - Organisms that eat only other animals.
Omnivores - Organisms that eat both plant and animal.
Detrivores - Organisms that eat “dead matter”
Decomposers - Organisms that break down organic matter
Who eats who?Food Chain - a series of steps showing which organisms
eat which. (transfer energy)
Food Web- a chart linking all food webs in a particular area
Another way to show relationships
Ecological PyramidsBiomass Pyramid
- each level in the pyramid shows the total amount of organisms in the level
Numbers Pyramid
- each level shows the numbers of individuals in the pyramid
Energy Pyramid- each transition shows the amount of loss of energy from one level to the next.
90%90% of energy is lost to heat from one level to the next.
Only 10% of your food is actually incorporated into making you!
Cycles in NatureWater Cycle - shows the different stages that water goes
through in ecology
Carbon Cycle - the carbon that makes you and all other living (and many non living) things is shown moving through the environment.
Nitrogen Cycle - All organisms require nitrogen. This cycle shows how it moves through the environment.
Daily Assignment:
Define:1. Condensation 2. Precipitation 3. Transpiration4. Evaporation 5. Percolation 6. Runoff7. Nitrogen Fixation 8. Denitrification 9. Trophic Level10. Consumer 11. Producer 12. Autotroph13. Heterotroph 14. Biomass 15. Chemosynthesis
Questions from the book:
Section 3-1 section assessment question #1 pg. 65
Section 3-2 section assessment questions # 1-4 pg. 73
Section 3-3 section assessment questions #1-3 & 5 pg.80
How do individuals interact in an environment?The environment contains two different things:
1. Biotic FactorsAll living organisms
2. Abiotic FactorsAll non-living things
Biotic factors in the environment interact in many ways
CompetitionWhen groups are using limited resources Situation leaves winners and losers.
Predation
When one organism feeds on another
They can form a symbiotic relationship
(three different types)
1. MutualismBoth individuals benefit.
2. CommensalismOne is helped, one is neither helped or harmed.
3. ParasitismOne is helped, the other is harmed.
How are new environments created?New land formation happens due to natural occurrences.
Volcanoes Volcanoes
TsunamisBut what happens when the world gets back to normal?
After the new land is created,
Succession takes place.
Primary succession:- (pioneer species) begin to colonize the newly formed land. These are smaller plants and grasses, then trees.
Secondary succession: -happens only when one type of plant replaces another type
Ex. Trees taking over a meadow.
Biomes:Def: a large area that is
characterized by certain soil, climate. plants, and animals.
Daily Assignment:
Define:1. Niche 2. Resource 3. Competitive Exclusion
principle
4. Symbiosis 5. Pioneer species 6. Tolerance
7. Microclimate
Questions from the book:
Section 4-1 section assessment questions #1- 4 pg. 89
Section 4-2 section assessment questions # 1-4 pg. 97
Section 4-3 section assessment questions #1-3 & 5 pg 105