ECOLOGYECOLOGY

Assessment 1Assessment 1

A keystone speciesA keystone species

A.A. can be a limiting factorcan be a limiting factor

B.B. Is important in maintaining biodiversityIs important in maintaining biodiversity

C.C. Affects other species in the ecosystemAffects other species in the ecosystem

D.D. Affects the available food and other Affects the available food and other resources in the ecosystemresources in the ecosystem

E.E. All of the aboveAll of the above

Assessment 2Assessment 2

When the niches of two species overlap When the niches of two species overlap significantly, which of the following is NOT significantly, which of the following is NOT likely to happen? likely to happen?

A.A. One of the species migratesOne of the species migratesB.B. The niche evolves to accommodate both The niche evolves to accommodate both

speciesspeciesC.C. One of the species evolvesOne of the species evolvesD.D. One of the species suffers a decline in One of the species suffers a decline in

populationpopulationE.E. One of the species becomes extinctOne of the species becomes extinct

Assessment 3Assessment 3

Which of the following is an ideal starting Which of the following is an ideal starting point for secondary succession?point for secondary succession?

A.A. Newly created shallow pondNewly created shallow pondB.B. Bare rock exposed by glacier Bare rock exposed by glacier

movementmovementC.C. Burnt down pine treesBurnt down pine treesD.D. An abandoned roadAn abandoned roadE.E. Newly cooled lavaNewly cooled lava

Assessment 4Assessment 4

A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted greatly by a particular human stress. Which greatly by a particular human stress. Which trophic level would most likely be the first to trophic level would most likely be the first to suffer?suffer?

A.A. ProducersProducersB.B. Primary consumersPrimary consumersC.C. Secondary consumersSecondary consumersD.D. Tertiary consumersTertiary consumersE.E. DecomposersDecomposers

Assessment 5Assessment 5

A hookworm bores through human skin A hookworm bores through human skin and eventually causes health problems and eventually causes health problems for the person. This is an example offor the person. This is an example of

A.A. CommensalismCommensalismB.B. CompetitionCompetitionC.C. MutualismMutualismD.D. ParasitismParasitismE.E. predationpredation

Assessment 6Assessment 6

The primary abiotic carbon source for the The primary abiotic carbon source for the carbon cycle iscarbon cycle is

A.A. The carbon dioxide in the airThe carbon dioxide in the air

B.B. The carbon dioxide in the waterThe carbon dioxide in the water

C.C. The carbon monoxide in the airThe carbon monoxide in the air

D.D. The carbon monoxide in the waterThe carbon monoxide in the water

E.E. The carbon dioxide in plantsThe carbon dioxide in plants

Assessment 7Assessment 7

The process by which bacteria convert The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia isnitrogen into ammonia is

A.A. AssimilationAssimilation

B.B. AmmonificationAmmonification

C.C. NitrificationNitrification

D.D. DenitrificationDenitrification

E.E. Nitrogen fixationNitrogen fixation

Assessment 8Assessment 8

What percentage of energy is generally said to What percentage of energy is generally said to be passed on as one moves from one level to be passed on as one moves from one level to the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?

A.A. 10%10%

B.B. 30%30%

C.C. 50%50%

D.D. 70%70%

E.E. 90%90%

Assessment 9Assessment 9

Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on the tree. This is an example ofthe tree. This is an example of

A.A. ParasitismParasitism

B.B. predationpredation

C.C. CommensalismCommensalism

D.D. MutualismMutualism

E.E. CompetitionCompetition

Assessment 10Assessment 10

The smallest group that can undergo The smallest group that can undergo biological evolution is abiological evolution is a

A.A. SpeciesSpecies

B.B. FamilyFamily

C.C. PopulationPopulation

D.D. CommunityCommunity

E.E. EcosystemEcosystem

Assessment 1Assessment 1

A keystone speciesA keystone species

A.A. can be a limiting factorcan be a limiting factor

B.B. Is important in maintaining biodiversityIs important in maintaining biodiversity

C.C. Affects other species in the ecosystemAffects other species in the ecosystem

D.D. Affects the available food and other Affects the available food and other resources in the ecosystemresources in the ecosystem

E.E. All of the aboveAll of the above

Assessment 2Assessment 2

When the niches of two species overlap When the niches of two species overlap significantly, which of the following is NOT significantly, which of the following is NOT likely to happen? likely to happen?

A.A. One of the species migratesOne of the species migratesB.B. The niche evolves to accommodate both The niche evolves to accommodate both

speciesspeciesC.C. One of the species evolvesOne of the species evolvesD.D. One of the species suffers a decline in One of the species suffers a decline in

populationpopulationE.E. One of the species becomes extinctOne of the species becomes extinct

Assessment 3Assessment 3

Which of the following is an ideal starting Which of the following is an ideal starting point for secondary succession?point for secondary succession?

A.A. Newly created shallow pondNewly created shallow pondB.B. Bare rock exposed by glacier Bare rock exposed by glacier

movementmovementC.C. Burnt down pine treesBurnt down pine treesD.D. An abandoned roadAn abandoned roadE.E. Newly cooled lavaNewly cooled lava

Assessment 4Assessment 4

A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted greatly by a particular human stress. Which greatly by a particular human stress. Which trophic level would most likely be the first to trophic level would most likely be the first to suffer?suffer?

A.A. ProducersProducersB.B. Primary consumersPrimary consumersC.C. Secondary consumersSecondary consumersD.D. Tertiary consumersTertiary consumersE.E. DecomposersDecomposers

Assessment 5Assessment 5

A hookworm bores through human skin A hookworm bores through human skin and eventually causes health problems and eventually causes health problems for the person. This is an example offor the person. This is an example of

A.A. CommensalismCommensalismB.B. CompetitionCompetitionC.C. MutualismMutualismD.D. ParasitismParasitismE.E. predationpredation

Assessment 6Assessment 6

The primary abiotic carbon source for the The primary abiotic carbon source for the carbon cycle iscarbon cycle is

A.A. The carbon dioxide in the airThe carbon dioxide in the air

B.B. The carbon dioxide in the waterThe carbon dioxide in the water

C.C. The carbon monoxide in the airThe carbon monoxide in the air

D.D. The carbon monoxide in the waterThe carbon monoxide in the water

E.E. The carbon dioxide in plantsThe carbon dioxide in plants

Assessment 7Assessment 7

The process by which bacteria convert The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia isnitrogen into ammonia is

A.A. AssimilationAssimilation

B.B. AmmonificationAmmonification

C.C. NitrificationNitrification

D.D. DenitrificationDenitrification

E.E. Nitrogen fixationNitrogen fixation

Assessment 8Assessment 8

What percentage of energy is generally said to What percentage of energy is generally said to be passed on as one moves from one level to be passed on as one moves from one level to the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?the next on the biomass-energy pyramid?

A.A. 10%10%

B.B. 30%30%

C.C. 50%50%

D.D. 70%70%

E.E. 90%90%

Assessment 9Assessment 9

Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on the tree. This is an example ofthe tree. This is an example of

A.A. ParasitismParasitism

B.B. predationpredation

C.C. CommensalismCommensalism

D.D. MutualismMutualism

E.E. CompetitionCompetition

Assessment 10Assessment 10

The smallest group that can undergo The smallest group that can undergo biological evolution is abiological evolution is a

A.A. SpeciesSpecies

B.B. FamilyFamily

C.C. PopulationPopulation

D.D. CommunityCommunity

E.E. EcosystemEcosystem

NicheNiche

PredationPredation

Individuals of one Individuals of one species species ((predatorpredator) hunt, ) hunt, capture, kill, and capture, kill, and consume consume individuals of individuals of another species another species ((preyprey))

Ex) wolf and Ex) wolf and rabbitrabbit

Predation cont.Predation cont.

MutualismMutualism Two or more species benefit Two or more species benefit

from interaction with one from interaction with one anotheranother

SymbiosisSymbiosis Organisms live in close Organisms live in close

physical contactphysical contact Ex) mycorrhizae—plants and Ex) mycorrhizae—plants and

fungifungi Ex) humans and bacteria in Ex) humans and bacteria in

the digestive tractthe digestive tract Pollination is on of the most Pollination is on of the most

important mutualismsimportant mutualisms

CommensalismCommensalism

One species benefits and One species benefits and the other is unaffectedthe other is unaffected

Ex) palo verde trees create Ex) palo verde trees create shade and leaf litter that shade and leaf litter that allows younger plants to allows younger plants to germinate easiergerminate easier

Ex) epiphytes—tropical Ex) epiphytes—tropical orchids that live on treesorchids that live on trees

ParasitismParasitism One organism One organism

((parasiteparasite) depends ) depends on another (on another (the host)the host) for nourishment or for nourishment or some other benefit some other benefit while simultaneously while simultaneously doing the host harmdoing the host harm

Does not Does not immediately kill hostimmediately kill host

Ex) tapeworms, Ex) tapeworms, ticks, sea lampreyticks, sea lamprey

Keystone speciesKeystone species A species with a strong influence A species with a strong influence

on an ecosystemon an ecosystem

Keystone species

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