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Ecology Chapter 20Cycles of Matter
Lesson #2
Science 7Guided Note Set
Mr. Nigh
PretestPut your name and hour on a lined
sheet of paper
Answer the following questions individually to the best of your ability
The data from this exercise will only be used to provide a direction for future discussions
1. The scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment.
A. Biology
B. Chemistry
C. Ecology
D. Astrology
2. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
A. Water
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Sunlight
3. Which organism is a decomposer?
A. Vulture
B. Sunflower
C. Musk Ox
D. fungi
4. Which factor is least important in determining the plant life in a biome?
A. Average rainfall
B. Average temperature
C. Type of soil
D. Type of animals living there
5. Which is not an abiotic factor?
A. plants
B. sunlight
C. water
D. temperature
6. Which is not a producer?
A. Seaweed
B. Corn
C. Caterpillar
D. Trees
7. Which of the following is a consumer?
A. Mushroom
B. Grass
C. Plankton
D. bird
8. Which is not a biotic factor?
A. Leaves
B. Water
C. Trees
D. snakes
9. Large geographic areas that are characterized by a certain climate, plants, and animals.
A. Ecosystems
B. Estuaries
C. Biomes
D. Countries
10.Trees that grow their leaves in the spring and drop them in the fall are known as?
A. Coniferous
B. Taiga
C. Evergreen
D. Deciduous
Background Information
1. All organisms must take in water and food to survive
2. All of the materials an organism takes in are returned to the ecosystem.
3. This process takes place while the organism live and after it dies
Cycles
1. The movement of matter through the living and non-living parts of an Ecosystem.
2. It is a continual process3. The three most important
cycles in ecosystems involve water, carbon, and nitrogen.
Quick Quiz
What are the three most important cycles in
ecosystems?
Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
The Water Cycle1. Water is stored on Earth’s surface in
rivers, lakes, and oceans.
2. Water is found underground
3. Large amounts of water is stored in polar regions in glaciers and polar ice sheets.
4. The movement of water through the environment is the Water Cycle.
5. Water is made up of two elements-hydrogen and oxygen
6. It changes its state of matter between three forms in the water cycle
A. gas
B. liquid
C. solid
Gasses
• Water returns to the atmosphere when heated, changing back into a vapor, a process known as evaporation
• Animals release water vapor when they breathe through respiration
• Plants release water vapor through transpiration
Quick Quiz!What are the three ways that water
is returned to the atmosphere by heat, plants, and animals
Evaporation by heat
Transpiration by plant
Respiration by animals
Liquids and Solids
Water that falls to the Earth’s surface is referred to as precipitation
Could fall as rain, mist, sleet, hail, or snow
If the temperature is cold enough, precipitation is stored as ice
Evaporation• Evaporation is the process during which
liquid water changes into a gas called water vapor
TranspirationCover ½ of plant with a plastic bag
Put into a warm environment
Water thoroughly
Watch for water vapor to occuron the inside of plastic bag as water vapor escapes from leaves
About 10% of water vapor in the atmosphere comes from transpiration or water passing from plants to the atmosphere
Condensation
• Condensation is the process during which water vapor changes into liquid water
The Nitrogen Cycle
Almost 80% of the air that you breathe is Nitrogen gas.
Nitrogen is an important element for life.
The nitrogen your body needs can only be obtained from plants.
TheNitrogenCycle
Plants cannot use pure nitrogen gas either.
Nitrogen must be broken down or fixed for plants to use it.
One method in which nitrogen gas is fixed is by bacteria in the soil that decompose dead plants and animals.
The second method is fixation through---
Lightning
Quick Quiz!
How is nitrogen fixed so that plants can use it for growth?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
and
Lightning
Carbon Cycle
• Carbon is an element found in all living things
• It is through Carbon Dioxide Gas found in the atmosphere that carbon enters the living parts of an ecosystem
The Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis
Plants use carbon dioxide to produce food in the form of a sugar called glucose- a process known as photosynthesis.
Food supplies the energy and materials living things need to live and grow
As a byproduct of this process oxygen is released to the atmosphere.
Quick Quiz
Plants produce their food in a process called?
Photosynthesis
Energy in Food
• To release the energy in food, organisms break down the carbon compounds, a process called respiration.
• Carbon is released and cycled back into the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide
Quick Quiz!
Animals release the energy in food by a process
called?
Respiration
Carbon in Earth’s Oceans• Earth’s oceans contain far more carbon
than the air does.• In water ecosystems carbon dioxide is
dissolved in water• Marine animals also release Carbon
Dioxide into water from respiration• Algae and phytoplankton are
photosynthetic organisms that use carbon and sunlight to produce their own food
Quick Quiz!
What do organisms in the ocean require for photosynthesis?
Carbon
and
Sunlight
Greenhouse Effect• The Greenhouse Effect is
the trapping of heat in the atmosphere by gasses such as Carbon Dioxide and Methane
Math
Extension
Temperature and the Water Cycle
Remember the metric freezing and boiling points?
Answer the following1. A container of water is left out over
night, when the temperature is -18C. In the morning, the air temperature rises by 8C. What temperature is in the air. What will happen to the water.
2. An ice block sits in a field where the air is 0C.The air temperature rises by 16C, then it drops 8C. What temperature is the air in the field now. What will happen to the ice.
3. What happens to a block of ice after the temp. in the air follows this pattern: -6 +17+10+18+(-5)? What temp. has the air reached?
Answers
1. -18+8= -10C, the water will freeze
2. 0+16-8=8C, some of the block will melt
3. It melts, 34C
The
End