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Ecology of Populations(1) Limiting factors that affect populations in
an ecosystem
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
Ecology of Populations
(2)__________- Study of the interactions of organisms with other organisms and the physical environment
(3)__________ - Place where an organism lives.
(4) _______________ All the organisms within an area belonging to the same species.
(5) ______________ All various populations interacting at same locale.
(6) ______________Community of populations including biotic and abiotic factors.
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
Ecology
Habitat
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Ecological Levels
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 3
Standard 16
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 4
Density-Dependent Factors
Includes(7) Parasites
and(8) Predators
Factors that affect population growth
and depend on (9)_________
Human (10)____________ such as tuberculosis often become epidemics in crowded cities.
Locust plagues
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
5
density
disease
Density-Independent Factors
Weather EventsTemperature
6
forest fires
hurricanes floods
Regulation of Population Size• Density - Dependent Factors
– Number of organisms present (13)influences the effect of the factor.
(14) Competition(15) Predation (predators) (16) Disease
• Density - Independent Factors– Number of organisms present does (17) not
influence the effect of the factor.(18) Natural Disasters
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 7
Question 1:Which situation is caused by a density-independent limiting factor?A. The influenza outbreak of 1918-1919 killed over 20 million people.
(number of organisms was influenced by factor)B. The cones of the jack pine need heat from a fire to help release seeds.
(number of organisms was not influenced by factor)C. A parasite alters reproduction in a woodpecker population causing fewer
births.(number of organisms was influenced by factor)D. A queen bee regulates the number of eggs she lays according to the
amount of food available. . (number of organisms was influenced by factor)
Hickox: Baker High School Biology8
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence
the effect of the factor.• Natural Disasters and Temperature
B.
Question 2Which limiting factor is density-Independent for rainbow trout?A. Size of the stream (number of organisms was not influenced by
factor)B. Spread of parasites (number of organisms was influenced by
factor)C. Competition for food (number of organisms was influenced by
factor)D. Supply of dissolved oxygen (number of organisms was influenced
by factor)
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 9
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence
the effect of the factor.• Natural Disasters and Temperature A.
Question 3:Which statement BEST describes the relationship between natural disasters
or human-caused disasters and population size?A. Natural and human-causing disasters are density-dependent factors.
(Not Natural Disaster)B. Natural and human-causing disasters are density-independent factors.
(Natural Disasters are density-independent)C. Human-causing disasters are density-independent whereas natural
disasters are density-dependent. (Not Natural Disaster)D. Human-causing disasters are density-dependent whereas natural
disasters are density-independent. (Not Natural Disaster)
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 10
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence the effect of the
factor.• Natural Disasters B.
• Density - Dependent Factors– Number of organisms present influences the effect of the factor.
• Competition• Predation• Disease Hickox: Baker High School Biology 11
Question 4:Which relationship BEST identifies a density-dependent limiting factor?A. A bobcat population declines due to disease. (number of organisms
influence the effect of the factor; competition, predation, disease)
B. A fish population declines due to a severe drought.(not competition or predation but natural disaster)
C. A bird population declines due to pollution. (not competition or predation but disaster)
D. A wolf population declines due to a cold winter. (Number of organisms present does not influence the effect of the factor.- Independent)
A.
• Density - Dependent Factors– Number of organisms present influences the effect of the factor.
• Competition and Predation and Disease Hickox: Baker High School Biology12
Question 5:Study the table below. Caterpillars can destroy trees by eating too many leaves and making them susceptible to disease or drought. Which student has correctly identified the density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors associated with an invasion of Gypsy Moth Caterpillars?
4.
Student Populations of Caterpillars Disease Drought1 Density-independent Density-dependent Density-dependent
2 Density-dependent Density-independent Density-independent
3 Density-independent Density-independent Density-independent
4 Density-dependent Density-dependent Density-independent
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence the effect of the factor.
• Natural Disasters
Question 6:Study the table below. Which student identified only density-independent limiting factors?
Student’s Identification of Density-Independent Limiting Factors
Hickox: Baker High School Biology 13
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence the effect of the factor.
• Natural Disasters
• Density - Dependent Factors– Number of organisms present influences the effect of the factor.
Competition and Predation and Disease
Student Disease Clear-cutting Predation Filling Wetlands
Natural Disaster
1 X X X
2 X X X
3 X X X
4 X X X
4.
Question 7: Which statement BEST explains why a disease my affect one population more than another population?
A. Because disease is a density-dependent limiting factor, a larger population makes it easier for the virus to spread from person to person
B. Because disease is a density-independent limiting factor, a large population makes it easier for the virus to spread from person to person
C. Because disease is a density-dependent limiting factor, climate can influence the disease, making it more or less affective.
D. Because disease is a density-independent limiting factor, climate can influence the disease, making it more or less affective.
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
14
Density - Independent Factors• Number of organisms present does not influence the effect of the factor.
• Natural Disasters
• Density - Dependent Factors– Number of organisms present influences the effect of the factor.
Competition and Predation and Disease
A.
Uniform Distribution
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
Random Distribution
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
Clumped Distribution
Hickox: Baker High School Biology
Hickox: Baker High School Biology