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An ecosystem is a dynamic complplant, animal, and microorgacommunities and the non-environment interacting as a functional

Humans are an integral part of ecosystEcosystems vary enormously in sizetemporary pond in a tree hollow andocean basin can both be ecosystems.

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The ecosystem approachstrategy for the integmanagement of land, water living resources that prosustainable delivery of ecosyservices in an equitable way.

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The level of disturbance that an ecosys

undergo without crossing a threshold to a situat

different structure or outputs. Resilience depecological dynamics as well as the organizatio

institutional capacity to understand, manage and

to these dynamics.

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PRINCIPLE 1: PROTECTION OF SPECIES AND SSUBDIVISIONS WILL CONSERVE GENETIC DIVE

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PRINCIPLE 2: MAINTAINING HABITAT IS FUNDATO CONSERVING SPECIES.

A species habitat is the ecosystem conditions th

its life requirements. Our understanding of habitat isour knowledge of a species ecology and how that dwhere a species is known to occur or likely to occur. H

be considered at a range of spatial and temporal sinclude specific microsites (e.g., occupied byinvertebrates, bryophytes, some lichens), large hetehabitats, or occupancy of habitat during certain tim(e.g., breeding sites, winter range areas).

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PRINCIPLE 3: LARGE AREAS USUALLY CONTAISPECIES THAN SMALLER AREAS WITH SIMILAR H

The theory of island biogeography illustrates a basic that large areas usually contain more species than smaller arsimilar habitat because they can support larger and mor

populations. The theory holds that the number of specieisland is determined by two factors: the distance from the m

and island size.

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PRINCIPLE 4: ALL THINGS ARE CONNECTED BNATURE AND STRENGTH OF THOSE CONNEC

VARY.

Species play many different roles in communities and ecos

are connected by those roles to other species in different way

varying degrees of strength. It is important to understand key in

Mutualist species provide a mutually beneficial associati

other such as fungi that colonize plant roots and aid in the up

mineral nutrients. Synergistic species create an effect greate

predicted by the sum of effects each is able to create independe

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PRINCIPLE 5: DISTURBANCES SHAPE THE CHARACTOF POPULATIONS, COMMUNITIES, AND ECOSYS

The type, intensity, frequency and duration of shape the characteristics of populations, comm

ecosystems including their size, shape and spatial Natural disturbances have played a key role in maintaining natural ecosystems by influencing thincluding the size, shape and distribution of papproach can be strengthened by developing aunderstanding of how ecosystems respond to both human disturbances, thus creating opportunitieresilience in the system.

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PRINCIPLE 6: CLIMATE INFLUENCES TERRESTFRESHWATER AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Climate is usually defined as all of the state

atmosphere seen at a place over many years. has a dominant effect on biodiversity as it infmeteorological variables like temperature, preciand wind with consequences for many ecologicphysical processes, such as photosynthesis abehavior. For example, major temperature fluctua

surface waters in the Pacific Ocean due to climatic events can influence weather and signwarm temperatures throughout much of B.C. Thiscan increase some wildlife populations or impamigration timing of some migratory bird population