Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche
The Vienna Institute forInternational EconomicStudies
www.wiiw.ac.at
Economic Relations between Austria and ChinaWirtschaftsagentur Wien, 18 05 2010
By Waltraut UrbanThe Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw)
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Part 1: Trade
Part 2 : Foreign direct investment
Part 3: Tourism
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� Austrian trade relations with China
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Austria’s main trading partners, 2009
100191.994Total trade
3.4 (12.3)6.5926 USA
In % of total (% of extra-EU)Exports + Imports, EUR billion
1.2 (4.3)2.28217 Japan
2.34.42010 Netherlands
2.44.6619 UK
2.75.2368 Hungary
3.4 (12.1)6.4827 China PR
7.514.3342 Italy
5.2 (18.6)9.9613 Switzerland
3.56.8094 Czech Rep.
3.56.7775 France
36.069.071 1 Germany
27.953.471Extra EU-27
72.1138.522EU-27
Source: Statistik Austria.
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Austria’s main sources of imports, 2009
97.826Total imports
3.1 3.0376 France
In % of total (of extra-EU)Imports, EUR billion
1.5 (5.3)1.50916 Japan
2.01.94810 Slovakia
2.42.3429 Hungary
2.62.5578 USA
2.9 2.7967 Netherlands
6.76.5782 Italy
5.7 (21.4)5.6173 Switzerland
4.6 (17.0)4.4724 China
3.53.3805 Czech Rep.
40.739.8291 Germany
26.926.270Extra EU-27
73.171.556EU-27
Source: Statistik Austria.
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Austria’s main export markets and bilateral trade balan ces, 2009
-3.65810094.168Total exports
-2.4622.1 (7.4)2.01012 China
1.058
0.377
0.913
0.551
1.263
0.049
0.702
1477.8
-1.272
1.177
-10.588
0.931
-4.590
Trade balance in bn €
3.6 3.4296 Czech Rep.
In % of total (extra-EU)Exports in bn euro
2.22.05411 Slovenia
2.2 (7.7)2.09610 Russia
2.62.4709 Poland
3.12.8938 Hungary
3.1 2.9627 UK
8.27.7552 Italy
4.6 (16.0)4.3443 Switzerland
4.3 (14.8)4.0354 USA
4.03.7395 France
31.129.2421 Germany
28.927.202Extra EU-27
71.166.966EU-27
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China’s shares in Austrian trade,1999-2009
0
1
2
3
4
5
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
in % of total export shares import shares
4.6%
2.1%
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Austria’s trade balance with China,1999-2009
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
EUR million
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EU trade balance with China1999-2007: EU-25, 2008-09: EU-27
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
EUR billion
Source: Eurostat.
2009: -128 EUR bn(US: - 227 USD bn = 161 EUR bn)
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China-Asia market shares in the EU-25, 1995-2006
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
China Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea Asean South Asia Japan
Source: EU Commission, DG Trade.
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Exchange rate yuan – US dollar – euro
Source: ECB, People‘s Bank of China.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Feb/04
Jun/04
Oct/04
Feb/05
Jun/05
Oct/05
Feb/06
Jun/06
Oct/06
Feb/07
Jun/07
Oct/07
Feb/08
Jun/08
Oct/08
Feb/09
Jun/09
Oct/09
Feb/10
Jun/10
0.75
0.95
1.15
1.35
1.55
Yuan per 1 USD Yuan per 1 EUR USD per 1EUR (right scale)
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Commodity structure of Austrian and of EU trade with Ch ina, 2008
38.6
40.1
11.8
6.1
0.0
1.9
0.1
1.3
31.5
46.3
14.7
3.7
0.4
1.2
0.0
1.4
Shares in imports from China in %
EU-27 Austria
8.46.58 Misc. manuf. articles
67.259.47 Maschinery and transport equipment
12.911.66 Manuf. goods classif. chiefly by material
6.910.65 Chemicals
0.00.23 Mineral fuels
4.26.72 Crude materials inedible, exc. fuel
0.10.51 Beverages and tobacco
0.21.00 Food and live animals
Shares in exports to Chinain %
EU-27 Austria
SITC sections
Source: Eurostat and Statistik Austria, Serie 2.
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Austrian companies in China
� 300-600 Austrian companies involved in business with China � > 70 have production facilities in China� High-tech, specialized products for:
- Automotive industry
- Infrastructure, e.g. water supply
- Environmental protection (waste treatment, water purification,
- Energy efficiency
� Deficit in branded consumer goods:- important exception: Swarovski, Red Bull
- Potential: ski equipment
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� Foreign direct investment betweenAustria and China
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Direct investment between Austria and China, 1995-2009
-50
0
50
100
150
200
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Austrian outward investment Austrian inward investmentEUR mn
Source: Austrian National Bank (OeNB).
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Austrian direct investment – target countries, 2007
0.185Africa
0.6 (0.7)
3.4
1.1
3.0
5.3
49.8
90.2
100
Shares in total in %
606 (743)China (incl. Hong Kong)
3,438Asien
1,119Oceania
3,033USA
5,428America
51,113Central and easternEurope
92,510Europe
102,584World
FDI stocks in EUR million
Source: Austrian National Bank (OeNB).
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Austrian investors in China
� Largest investor: AT&S (HDI-Microvia printed circuit boards); USD 500 million investment, 3300 employees
� Pioneers: AVL List (power-train systems, test-systems, R&D support), Doppelmayr (rope driven transport systems, e.g. chair lifts), Voith Paper (paper machines), Rosenbauer (fire fighting vehicles), Andritz (plants and equipment for steel industry; turbines, environment and processing equipment), Raiffeisen (bank), Schenker (logistics)
� Various SMEs in the field of extrusion technology, furnace engineering, parts and components
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Focus on environmental technology
� Austria holds a good position in international sustainability ranking
� Environmental industries: 4.2% of GDP; exports to China worth around EUR 100 million*
� Since 2006: cooperation agreement between Austria and China- China: particularly interested in energy efficiency of buildings and
environmentally friendly technologies in industry; waste treatment
- Austria interested e.g. in photovoltaic technologies from China� Other important fields: water supply and treatment, recycling for
plastic and construction materials, filter technology, biomass, car bodies made from synthetic materials (Senoplat Klepsch & Co GmbH)
* According to Michael Müller, head of the Advantage Austria Bureau, in charge of environmental technologies;[email protected].
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Chinese investors in Austria
� Huawei Technologies Austria (telecommunication networks solutions)
� Xi’an Aircraft Industry (group) Co. has recently bought 92% of Austrian FACC (small but fine supplier to the aerospace industry, e.g. Boeing)
� Many restaurants, shops etc.
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�Tourism
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� China Tourism Academy estimates that 54 million Chinese tourists will go abroad this year, up from 47 million in 2009
� According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, China will be the world’s fourth largest source of outbound tourists by 2020, with 100 million overseas visits
Quoted from China Daily, 29 March 2010.
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Chinese tourists in Austria - untappedpotential
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Number of overnight stays
Source: Österreich Werbung.
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� Possible problems- EU – visa: problems for individual travellers
- Language difficulties
- Relatively high prices (in comparison to Asia)
- Different service mentality (in comparison to Asia)
- Skiing: fierce competition from Asia, North America
� Existing potential- Single visa more easily available than in other EU countries
- Cultural attractions
- Clean environment
- Service adjustment ‘learning by doing’
- Various kinds of activities, such as hiking, rafting etc.
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Thank you for your attention!
