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Ecosystem services & resilience in large agricultural landscapesSylvia Wood and Fabrice DeClerck13th August 2015
Basic development goals and challengesRural poverty
1.4 bn on < $1.25 a day70% in rural areas80% depend on agriculture
Food security
Over 1 bn. food insecure2009 food spike made a further 100m insecureAgriculture not keeping pace
Nutrition
2 bn. lack a diet necessary for healthy growthChronic malnutrition impacts on other MDGs
Environment
The ‘Perfect storm’: food & water scarcity and GCCPlanetary tipping points
Foley et al. 2011
Minimum Goals for 2050
Environmental Goals Development Goals
A Vision for Integrated Agroecology
Total Agricultural Production
Nutritionally Complete Production
Biodiversity Conserved
Carbon Sequestered Improved Water Quality
Water Conserved
Soil Formed
Food Security Goals
Food Distribution and Access
Conserve agrobiodiversity
Increased Farmer LivelihoodsAnd Resilience
Improve Human Health
Increase Farm Self Reliance
Adapted from Foley et al 2011
Nutrition Goals
Reduced Poverty
Improved Natural Resources Systems
and Ecosystem Services
Improved Food and Nutrition Security for
Health
More sustainably managed
agroecosystem
Enhanced benefits from ecosystem goods and servicesNatural
capital enhnaced
and protected
Improved human and
animal health
thourgh better Ag practices
Improved food security
Improved diets for poor
and vulneralbe
people
Increased productivity
Increased incomes and
benefits
Enhanced smallholder
market access
Enhanced smallholder
market access
CGIAR System Level Outcomes
And Intermediate Development Goals
WLE vision:
A world in which agriculture thrives within vibrant ecosystems, where communities have higher incomes, improved food security and the ability to continuously improve their lives
WLE global activities . . .
Focusing on how the poor benefit from ecosystems, and how to balance nature with growth
Developing tools to value ES
Engagement with government and non-government agencies to achieve development impact
. . . with targeted interventions in 10 river basin regions
A framework for Ecosystem Services & Resilience in Agriculture
SNAP Making Ecosystem Services Count in the SDGs - Research Objective:
To develop indicators and a modeling framework which link and map ES provision to multiple dimensions of human wellbeing in order to quantify the contribution which ecosystem services in agricultural landscape can make to achieving sustainable development goals
AgricultureSDG2
EnergySDG7
Human healthSDG3
EcosystemSDG 15
Valuing ES Further along Impact Pathway
Ecosystem Funct.
Pollination
Erosion control
Water infiltration
Vegetation Buffers
Flow regulation
Human Wellbeing Nutrition Crop production Malaria prevention Drinking water Available Water
Ecosystem Service Fruit & Vegetable Top Soil retention Good drainage Pollutant Capture Flood prevention
Across Landscape
The Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals
Can we use the SDGs as a valuation framework for assessing the benefits of ES to people?
SDGs: 17 Goals, 169 Targets
SDG 2. End hunger, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
SDG 3. Attain healthy lives for all
SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable use of water and sanitation
SDG 7. Ensure sustainable energy
SDG13. Tackle climate change
SDG14. Conserve and promote sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources
SDG15. Protect and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, halt desertification, land degradation and biodiversity loss
Identifying ES – Human Wellbeing Priority Issues
Burkina FasoGhana
Tanzania
TanzaniaGhanaBurkina Faso
Stakeholder Consultation:
• 29 interviews (32 institutions) + one workshop• National-level Institutions: Ag, Environ, Health and Energy• Semi-structured interviews
Stakeholder Consultation
Civil Society Organization6%
Donor6%
International organization
22%
National government
47%
Private sector3%
Research insti-tute13%
Sub-national government3%
Aim of Consultation
To Understand:• Agency priorities for national development outcomes• How they view Agriculture and Environment relationship• How ministries interact on Ag-Env-Devt nexus• What data they use to monitor the changing situation• What data they currently use to assess/negotiate tradeoffs• What information is lacking to help better manage
tradeoffs
Key Agriculture-Environment Dev’t Challenges
Cross Cutting Issues:• Water supply - impacts of land management, water-use
conflicts, drought, over-extraction hydropower, irrigation, conservation, disease (malaria)
• Water quality - impacts of mining and Ag. Practices drinking water
• Land degradation - impacts of Ag. expansion, gold mining sedimentation, soil fertility loss
• Food security - Changes to Ag. inputs Ag. prod’n income, nutrition, wild foods, conservation
“In rural areas, the main livelihood is agriculture and there are no alternative jobs so fighting back against forest encroachment is difficult” (MoLNR Ghana)
“If you prioritize the environment, its seen at the cost of development”
• External funding is a strong driver of development focus even if dev’t agenda set by National Govt, need to show project attribution
• Lack of data and means to quantify the intangible benefits fro negotiating power position / secure funding
• Strong interest in livelihood-orientated indicators
• Cross-cutting indictors that talk to multiple sectors
• “Testimonials have a lot of weight when garnering support and trying to sway policy” (ISODEC, Ghana)
Environmental Data and Indicators
Final S Selected ES-based Indicators
1. Economic Value of Agricultural Production ($/ha)
2. Landscape Nutritional Capacity (% adequacy)
3. Carbon Emissions from Agriculture (Mt/ha)
4. Risk of Malaria Exposure (#ppl)
5. Area of Potentially Degraded Lands (ha)
6. Water Availability per Capita /Sector (l/capita)
7. Water Quality of Ambient Watercourses (ug/l)
Mapping ES for Human wellbeing (MESH)
MESH Model Interface
1. Scenario Generator
2. Select relevant ES3. Run the models
4. Results output5. Report describing link and contribution to SDGs
MESH Model Reporting
Download
Future Case Study: Volta Basin
Partners: Volta Basin Authority
Thank you!
Sarah JonesFabrice DeClerckJustin JohnsonSylvia Wood
Making Ecosystem Services Count in the SDGs