Eddelyn D. GupeteoPrinciples of Teaching

The Elements of Teaching and Learning

The Learner“Every Child is a potential genius”

The learner is an embodied spiritA union of a sentient body and a rational

soul

BODY• Sensations• Feels pleasure and pain

SOUL• Principle of spiritual acts• Source of intellectual abstraction, self-

reflection & free rational volition

Body & soul exist in mutual dependence (Kelly, 1965)

Fundamental Equipment of the LearnerCOGNITIVEFive sensesInstinctImagination- form representations of material

objectMemory –retain, recall & recognize past

mental actsIntellect- form concepts or ideas, makes

judgment and reason out

APPETITIVEFeelings EmotionsRational will – guiding force & the main

integrating force in the learner’s character

Five distinguishing elementsAbility-dictates the prospects of success in

any purposeful activityAptitude – innate talent or giftInterestsFamily and cultural backgroundAttitude – perspective and dispositionThese five elements make learners different

from one another.

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory Concept of learner’s intelligence has gone

beyond linguistic and mathematical intelligence

Intelligences as dispositions

Benefits of using Multiple Intelligences Theory

Curriculum --Traditional schooling heavily favors the verbal-linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. Gardner suggests a more balanced curriculum that incorporates the arts, self-awareness, communication, and physical education.

Instruction -- Gardner advocates instructional methods that appeal to all the intelligences, including role playing, musical performance, cooperative learning, reflection, visualization, story telling, and soon. 

Assessment -- This theory calls for assessment methods that take into account the diversity of intelligences, as well as self-assessment tools that help students understand their intelligences.

Style as DispositionsSensing-Feeling MasteryIntuitive- Thinking UnderstandingIntuitive-Feeling Self-expressiveSensing-Feeling Interpersonal

Guide questions for discussions1. Are the body and spirit independent of

each other?2. Do imperfections in the functioning of the

sense organs affect learning? Why? Why not?

3. Can there be learning without feelings or emotions involved?

4. Do you believe that every child is a potential genius?

The professional teacherIs the licensed professional who possesses

dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence…..s/he adheres to observes, and practices a set of ethical and moral principles, standards and values (code of ethics of professional teachers, 1997)

Professional attributesCan effect change or learning (sense of

efficacy)Expert on what s/he teaches (subject

matter knowledge)How s/he teaches (pedagogical knowledge)

Professional attributesControl of the knowledge base of teaching

and learningRepertoire of best teaching practiceDisposition and skills to approach all

aspects of his/her work in reflective, collegial, and problem-solving manner

View of learning to teach as a lifelong process

Personal attributesPassionHumorValues and attitudesPatienceEnthusiasm

activityThink for a moment about your favorite

teacher. Make a mental list of what made the teacher so special that years after leaving elementary, high school, or college, you can still remember the teacher’s name.

The Learning EnvironmentIs the place where teaching and learning can

take place in the most effective and productive manner

Arrangement of furniturePhysical condition of the classroomClassroom proceedingsinteractions

Facilitative learning environment Pine and Horne, 1990Which encourages people to be activeWhich promotes the individual’s discovery

of the personal meaning of ideaWhich emphasizes the uniquely personal

and subjective nature of learning in which difference is good and desirable

Which consistently recognizes people’s right to make mostakes

Facilitative learning environment Pine and Horne, 1990Which tolerates ambiguityIn which evaluation is cooperative process

with emphasis on self-evaluationWhich encourages openness of self rather

than concealment of selfIn which people are encouraged to trust in

themselves as well as in external sourcesIn which people feel they are respectedIn which people feel they are accepted

Based on the principles of learning, do metaphorical thinking by completing this statement:

“Learning is like_______________”

ReferenceCorpuz, B. 2007. Principles of Teaching. Lorimar Publishing, Inc., Quezon City