Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
1. Overview
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
May 3, 2017
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The World At Night
From the pictures, Africa is seen to be in almost total darkness.
At night, there is little or no productivity in Africa.Crime wave may be on the increase according to police reports.
The pictures support the data for the world indices for poverty level.
Sustainable Development
What is SD?
What is ESD?
How do we achieve the SDGs?
How do we achieve the Mission, Vision and Values of our University
And be ranked among the best in Africa and one of the best globally?
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Age of KnowledgeKnowledge is Power (Francis Bacon)
Knowledge for Transformation!
Age of Knowledge, Age of Sustainable Development (Jeffery Sachs)
Knowledge of all Things (e.g. Internet of Things)
Our Universities: Tertiary Institutions or Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs)? (Tunji Olaopa)
Knowledge Economy depends on Significant Quality Human Capital trained by HEIs and Knowledge
Assets
Capitalizing Knowledge through Creativity and Innovation
Innovation Key to SD of Industry and Nations
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Age of Knowledge
Discovering new knowledge through Critical Thinking outside the box
Knowledge Workers like University Professors expected
to reap bountiful Harvest of rich dividends
Such Professors in high demand, play in premier academic league
Nations that focus on Education, in particular higher
education, lead in global economy; win Nobel Prizes; play in Billionaire League of Entrepreneurship
Universities that focus on R & D play in premier league of
Global Ranking Tables
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University, Learning/Knowledge Factory
in Education Industry
Learning Factory.
Reliability of product
(human capital) function
of stages A and B
After Redwood Sawyer
Final Factory product
(R(t)=f(A,B))
Resources (Staff quality and mix,
working environment)
(B)
Raw material
(Students) (A)
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Education Industry,
Mother Industry for all
professionals and
industries
Quality Management of Higher Education (HE)
Input: Students
HE System: Policies, Processes & Procedures in the Educational System
Output: Graduates
Quality
Best Available Technology
Best Operating Practices & Policies
Best Available Resources
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Learning Objectives
Technical Objectives
Theory + Practice
HSE/SDG Objectives
Sustainability
PESTEL
IT/Digital Objectives
Software Applications
Solutions
Business/Ent. Objectives
Creativity & Innovation
Start-ups
IT/Digital Objectives
Technical Objectives
Business/Entrepreneurial Objectives
HSE/SDG Objectives
ESD Objectives
4P Model
to consider
SD
Position
Problems
Possibilities
Proposal UNIPORT
Position: Challenges of Nigerian Higher Education2012 Needs Assessment Report presented Nov1, 2012
Also there are
Policy Deficits
Funding Challenges
Critical Deficits
Faculty Deficits Curriculum Deficits
Infrastructural Deficits
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Focus on Higher Education (FME 2012 Needs Assessment Report, conducted by TetFund and ASUU)
Poor Learning Environment and Infrastructure
Learning Environment not conducive Teaching and Learning Facilities Laboratory Facilities (Dry Labs) Workshop/Studio Facilities
Office Facilities Hostel Facilities Sports /Recreational Facilities
Frequent Strikes and Students’ Unrests/Closures
Prolonged Academic Calendar
Poorly baked graduates; Staff Student Ratio as high 1:+100 (Harvard
1:4; MIT 1: 9 and Cambridge 1:3)
Position : Crisis in Education Sector
Focus on Higher Education (FME 2012 Needs Assessment Report, conducted by TetFund and ASUU)
Faculty
Only + 43% have PhD (6 schools have +60%)
Inbreeding
Lack of industry Experience
The best abandoned teaching (First class and High 2.1);
Check the WAEC results of some Lecturers; Poor attempts
Poor Research Experience/Industry Software Use/Emerging Technologies
Poor Presentation Skills/Teaching Experience
Poor Mentorship Training
Crew Change
Position : Crisis in Education Sector
Focus on Higher Education (FME 2012 Needs Assessment Report, conducted by TetFund and ASUU)
Curriculum
Soft Skills Gap
Technical Skills Gap: Poor Laboratory /Practical Training
Entrepreneurial Training/Skills Gap
Critical Thinking Skills; Vertical/Horizontal Thinking (No Glass Ceiling);Thinking Outside the box
Pillars of Sustainable Education not addressed
Position : Crisis in Education Sector
Focus on Higher Education (FME 2012 Needs Assessment Report, conducted by TetFund and ASUU)
Funding Free Education a Mirage
IGR through indirect charges
Multiple bursary taking by students
Recourse to University Advancement through international Donor Agencies/Alumni Support
Private Schools taking over
Capital Flight to Ghana by parents who can pay and want good
education for their children + Abroad
Position : Crisis in Education Sector
Category Number Remarks
Federal 37
State 37
Private 52 (increasing) Fee Paying
Total 124
Nigerian Universities as at November 2012
Nigerians spend N1.5tr on education tourism of this N160b spent in Ghana and N80b in UK, Punch Newspaper Nov 21, 2012
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No knowledge of annual manpower needs
No knowledge of available jobs
Types of jobs and job market changing as well as skills and
competencies
Weak Production/Product Value Chains e.g. Energy value chain weak in Nigeria particularly in the downstream sector
Poor University-Industry Collaboration
Position
The world a Global Village: internet, cable networks, social networks vis-a-vis spread of information
Global competition for resources: human, natural and financial
resources; talent and technology hunt, innovation
Concept of Classroom and Library changing fast: smart classroom, virtual classroom, e- Library, ODeL, etc
Position
Technical Skills low but Industry Needs more than Technical skills
Team Skills
Academic Skills
Soft Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Communication Skills
Multidisciplinary Skills
Team Skills (Football team not Relay team!)Academic Curricular in Universities lack these
4P Model
to consider
SD
Position
Problems
Possibilities
Proposal UNIPORT
Consequences of Poor Quality of Graduates
Unemployable graduates (poor harvest)
High Cost of Retraining
Low Competitiveness
High Mobility of Competent Graduates
Poor Global Ranking of Nigerian
Universities
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Industry Reaction
Recruitment of 2.1 / 1st Class Graduates
Recruitment from abroad
High Expatriate Quota
Globalization
Direct Industry Intervention: SITP; IPS
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Government Intervention
PTDF (Decree 25, 1973) Scholarships
overseas
TetFund (formerly ETF) Intervention
Industrial Training Programmes (IT)
NYSC Preferential Postings in the past
Attachments to Multinational Projects
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Human Development IndexComposite statistic of life expectancy, education and income indices
Corruption Index and other development indices
Nigeria : 156/179 (Low HDI)Deep blue: Very high HDI
Sky blue: High; Light blue: MediumVery light blue: Low
Environmental Challenges: Pollution,..Climate Change etc
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Army of Unemployed: How many jobs created?
Is SD looking like
Dubai
Is SD looking like
Dubai
Is SD looking like
Dubai
Is SD looking like
Dubai
Is SD looking like
Dubai
Note What is not Development
Imitation not development, copying not uplifting
Buying technologies makes you consumer not
producer
Stealing technology against Divine Commandment:
Thou shall not steal!
Begging and Borrowing: How do you perceive a
beggar? Irritating; his eyes always on the ground,
not upward looking; not struggling to stand on his feet, independent, always beggarly
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Development is
Being deeply rooted in one’s own race, the right foundation
Adapted to the soil, environment and climate
Being indigenous; Indigenous Knowledge
Upward development of one’s culture according to one’s spiritual and intellectual abilities, talents and resources
Transforming one’s environment and circumstances with pride
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Sustainable Development
Is about Development
that stands test of time and tide
that can be sustained and maintained from local
original efforts
Natural: In harmony with the Laws of Nature
Balanced Development; Not One-Sided
Upbuilding; Uplifting
Being Ingenious
Cultured Development
Sustainable Development
Is about
Not adopting and borrowing from others
ESD being key to SD;
Spirit of Enquiry & Discovery;
Developing Creativity, Innovation,
Commercialization and Entrepreneurship (ICE)
Ecosystem
For Industry,
Sustainable Development
Is about
Securing/Guaranteeing Productive, Profitable and
Competitive Future
Efficient Crew Change in multicultural,
international, multidisciplinary industry Team
Winning Team, succession planning with efficient
change of baton
Ensuring Available, Accessible , Affordable (3As)
Technologies, Infrastructure and Growth
4 Pillars or Domains of Sustainable
Development (The Law of Balance)
Pillars of Sustainability in Time
and Space
Planet: Natural Ecosystems,
Biodiversity and the Law of
Balance in Nature
People: Harmonious social
organizations; governments;
institutions; Wellness and
Wellbeing
Cultural Diversity
Economic: Efficient management
of resources to ensure peace and
prosperity; business and industry;
alternative economic systems
Cultural(Diversity
Management)
Environmental(Planet; HSE or CASHES Mgt.)
Economic(Wealth Creation
Peace , Profit & Prosperity Mgt.)
Social(People, CSR
Management)
Sustainability
Challenges in Nigeria
1. Power Supply
2. Infrastructure
3. Corruption
4. Waste
5. Unemployment
6. Militancy & Insurgency
7. Crime, Kidnapping
8. Poverty(% below $)
9. WATER
10. FOOD
11. ENVIRONMENT
12. DISEASE
13. EDUCATION (low access)
14. DEMOCRACY
15. POPULATION
16. Tribalism & Religious
Challenges in the University
1. Funding
2. Power Supply
3. Internet & Intranet
4. Crew Change
5. Labs
6. Infrastructural deficits
7. Human capital
8. Technology
9. Community Restiveness
10. Crime/Kidnapping
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Institutions/
Companies
Host Communities
LGAs
State
Zone
Country
Hierarchy of Challenges
Intl.
Region.
Intl.=International
Cont.= Continental
e.g. Africa under Linguistic Groups such Anglophone, Francophone, Lusophone and Arabic-speaking
OR, Regions such as
North Africa, Central Africa
West Africa, East Africa,
South Africa
Cont.
2
1
4
3
6
5
7
8
9
4P Model
to consider
SD
Position
Problems
Possibilities
Proposal UNIPORT
Interactions among MDGs after Vincent Idemiyor
MDG 8
Secure globalpartnership fordevelopment
MDG 5
Improve maternal health
MDG 2Achieve universal primary education
MDG 6
Combat HIV/AIDS,malaria and other
diseases
MDG 7
Ensureenvironmentalsustainability
MDG 1Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
MDG 4
Reduce child mortality
MDG 3
Promote gender
equality & empower
women
Neglect of the Role of R & D: Academic & Industry
Lack of home grown indigenous knowledge/solutions
Why MDGs were not achieved
Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years
1. ENERGY
2. WATER
3. FOOD
4. ENVIRONMENT
5. POVERTY (% below $)
6. TERRORISM & WAR
7. DISEASE
8. EDUCATION (access)
9. DEMOCRACY
10. POPULATION 2003 6.3 Billion People
2050 8-10 Billion PeopleRichard Smalley, 2003
From
8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
to
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Green Economy
Blue Economy
17 SDGs
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17 SDGs
divided into SDGs dealing
with Green Economy (economy of the Land)
with Blue Economy (economy of the Oceans)
On 25 September 2015, the 193 countries of the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Development Agenda titled Transforming our world'.' This included the
17 expanded SDGs
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere]
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable]
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
4P Model
to consider
SD
Position
Problems
Possibilities
Proposal UNIPORT
UN Decade for Education for Sustainable
development (DESD 2005-2014)
Purpose of ESD is to transform curriculum of every
discipline to include global, regional and national challenges and develop the potentials, capacities
and competencies of graduates to be
transformational agents to mitigate the challenges
and ensure balanced, peaceful and prosperous
development of planet and people
ESD is about new form of education and learning
that fosters SD
Proposal : Adopt UNESCO’s ESD
Albert Einstein reminded us
The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them
and it is important to avoid doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.
The Need for creative and innovative thinking outside the box. As some say throw away the box!
Paradigm Shift: New Way
There are always Alternatives!Courtesy: Omega Bank Advert
Thus
We cannot teach the students of today’s digital
world with the techniques of yesterday’s
analogue world and expect better results and
outcomes.
Paradigm Shift: New Way
Education for Sustainable Development
Chinese Proverb
Teach a man how to fish and you
feed him for life
But give him fish and you feed him
for one day!
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Strategic Positioning
Innovative Curriculum rooted in ESD
Solution based Curriculum focused on Global Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
Pedagogy: Innovative and Stimulating Creativity; with Digital and Smart Course delivery technologies
Focused on Entrepreneurial Education
Creativity and Innovation driven
R & D: Globally Recognised, Locally Relevant, Extensively Collaborative and Strategically Sustainable
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Quality Management of Higher Education (HE)
Input: Students
HE System: Policies, Processes & Procedures in the Educational System
Output: Graduates
Quality
Best Available Technology
Best Operating Practices & Policies
Best Available Resources
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Growth of University Mission: Academic Entrepreneurship,
New Dimension to Higher Education
First Mission
(includes
Community
Service)
1. Education:
Teaching, Training
& Learning (TTL)2. Continuing Education
(CCE, ODeL, CPD)
3. Capacity Building
(Workshops, Seminars,
Conferences etc)
Knowledge Preservation and
Dissemination
Human Capital Development/
Knowledge Transfer
Faculty Development
Curriculum Development : ESD
Second
Mission
1st Revolution
+Research Knowledge Creation
Technology Development
High Impact Research; IP Policies
Third Mission
2nd Revolution
++ Entrepreneurship KnowledgeExploitation/
Capitalization; Technology Transfer/
Wealth CreationICE Ecosystems; Tech Company as NCD
vehicle; Investing in Business/Tech
Enterprises; Tech Park Development,
Growth of University Mission: Academic Entrepreneurship,
New Dimension to Higher Education
Community
Service
Impact on the
Community
Sustainable Development
Securing the Future of Society
Development of Innovation
Commercialization and
Entrepreneurial (ICE)
Ecosystem for
SD of School and Society
Economic Development
Old Economy
Labour Capital
Land/Natural Resources
(Higher Education vs. Tertiary Education)
Higher Education is about Quality Human Capital & Knowledge Capital to transform Society while Tertiary Education is about certificates)
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New KnowledgeEconomy
Quality
Human Capital Capital +IP Capital
Knowledge Capital
Economic Development
Old Economic Model
Labour Capital
Land
Natural Resources (Manpower (human capital) , Minerals, Materials)
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New Knowledge Economic ModelGreen Economy
Best Available
Technologies (BAT)Best Operating
Practices & Policies (BOP)
Best Available Resources (BAR) (Natural & Financial)
Research Focus on Major National Challenges:
Great Dangers
How does education address the critical challenges of the 21st
century to produce transformational leaders equipped with critical thinking skills to be change agents?
Education in Nigeria at Crossroad
UN Decade for Education for Sustainable
development (DESD 2005-2014)
Purpose of ESD is to transform curriculum of every
discipline to include global, regional and national challenges and develop the potentials, capacities
and competencies of graduates to be
transformational agents to mitigate the challenges
and ensure balanced, peaceful and prosperous
development of planet and people
ESD is about new form of education and learning
that fosters SD
Proposal : Adopt UNESCO’s ESD
Sustainable Development
Retrain University Management
Retrain Teachers; Develop Teaching Materials
Change Curriculum to Curriculum for ESD
Extra-Curricular activities on ESD, Start-ups
Beyond GES on SD
Every Lecture, every discipline to highlight SD
Develop Centres of Excellence on SDGs
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Conclusion
Education Re-Engineering; UNESCO’s ESD
Creativity and Innovation key to SD of Industry,
School and Society
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
2. Curriculum Development & Pedagogy
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
UNIPORT
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
3. Triple Helix Plus+
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
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Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
4. Research & Development
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
UNIPORT
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
5. Community Service
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
UNIPORT
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
6. University Advancement
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
UNIPORT
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
7. The Making of an Entrepreneurial University
J. A. Ajienka, FNSE, FAEng
Emmanuel Egbogah Chair of Petroleum Engineering
University of Port Harcourt
Faculty of Engineering,
Federal University Otuoke
2017
UNIPORT
