Family and Education

Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan

Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Valencia (ES)

December 1st, 2014

2

Family and Education:

• Kinship, Marriage and the Family

• Education

• The relationship between Family and Education

Index

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Kinship, Marriage and the Family

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A family is defined as ‘a group of persons

directly linked by kin connections, the adult

members of which assume responsibility for

caring for children’ and ‘kin’ are those linked by

marriage or blood relationships (p. 384).

Kinship, Marriage and the Family

(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)

Kinship ties are connections between

individuals, established either through

marriage, or through the lines of descendent

that connect blood relatives (mothers, fathers,

other offspring, grand parents, etc.)(p. 384).

Marriage can be defined as a socially

acknowledge and approved sexual union

between two adult individuals. (p. 384).Clan groups

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Kinship, Marriage and the Family

(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)

Nuclear family vs Extended family

Family relationshipsFamilies of orientation vs procreation

Patrilineal / matrilineal

Monogamy (20%) and polygamy (80%)[Serial monogamy] [Polyandry (4/565); Polygyny]

Declining of clans and other corporate kin

Free choice of spouse

Women empowerment

More exogamy and les endogamy

Higher levels of sexual freedom

Extension of children's rights

Rise of affective individualism

Matrilocal / patrilocal / neolocal

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Kinship, Marriage and the Family

(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)

Uncoupling (often social separation precedes)

Divorce and separationTransitions in divorce

Emotional divorce

Economic divorce

Step-families [step-parent; step-child]

Remarriage [men 5/6; women 3/4]

Divorce and children

Psychic divorce

Community divorce

Co-parental divorce

From adversary system to ‘no fault divorce’

Legal divorce

7

Kinship, Marriage and the Family

(Giddens, A. 1992 Sociology, pp. 383-415)

The dark side of the family

Incestuous abuse of children

Most common between fathers or

stepfathers and young daughters70-80% of incest

Step-families [step-parent; step-child]

Prime targets of physical abuse children <6

Domestic violence primarily a male domain [often a form of gender violence]“physical abuse directed by one member of the family against another or others”

Often timid, awkward and inadequate in their dealings with other adults

Not a preference but a matter of availability coupled with power

Mental disorder a minority

Conflict and hostility

Variability in length, depth andaftershock

‘Male inexpressiveness’, sexuality, power,Submissiveness in their partners

Violence by females is more restrained and episodic than that of men and much less likely to cause enduring physical harm

Why? Intimacy and tolerated

8

Patriarchy: political & economic unit

Industrialization causes privacy and new institutions (like the school system)

Specialization in the socialization & breeding of children and genderdifferentiation (public/private) (T. Parsons)

Generalized presence of women: labour market &education system (feminism)

No unique form of legitimatefamily (‘70) individualization, negotiation & reflexivity

↓marriages↑mean age of marriage

↑ staying in parental household ↑ secularization of marriage

Same gender couples↑ divorces & “express” divorce

Cohabitation (Registered couples)Reconstructed families

Monoparental families (risk factor)Rainbow families

New families are:Varied, Have no barriers,Brake linearityNot provisionalPublic character and legitimate Chosen situation

From the Family to the Families (Obiol, S. (2011) El cambio familiar y el

proceso educativo in Beltrán, J. & Hernàndez, FJ. Sociología de la

educación. McGraw-Hill, Madrid. 75-99.

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Divorce in the UE, 1970 to 2010

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Divorce-marriage ratio in the world

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Education

Biology, functions & socialization

History

Inequalities

Family

School organization

Teachers

Students

Education and work

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guard and custody

Changes in the families

Urbanization and migrations

Women emancipation

retentionDelayed working age

social cohesion

national identity construction

Homogenization

Uniformization

Centralization

Secularization

Bureaucratization

Language

Culture

Legal frameworkMarket (monetary and measurement systems)

History and common referents

capacitation and socialization for labour (Human Capital theory)

distribution of social positions

Functions

Education: the Social functions of the school

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Education: distribution of social positions

The distribution of social positions is done through competences sanctionedby means of a complex system of certificates, titles and credentials.

This mechanism is institutionalized by means of universal, free andcompulsory education, which “guarantees” equality of opportunity forall the population and pivots on:

merit (capacity, intelligence, effort, discipline, sacrifice)

qualification (certifications, titles and credentials)

formal education is the mean to obtain merit and qualification

possibilities depend on preferences and capacities

and capacities are randomly distributed

The above means the primacy of adscript status (due to merit) over inherited filiation or acquired status (due to birth)

22Frato Tonucci

Critical views on education

Noam Chomsky on education

(http://youtu.be/DdNAUJWJN08) original

(http://youtu.be/AsZJxDsd1Q8) subtitles23

Earnings by social class and sex and ethnic group, 1999

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Life expectancy at birth by social class and sex, 1997-99

Gender inequality

Thank you for your attention!!!

Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan | Tallinn 01/12/2014Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - daniel.gabaldon@uv.es - www.uv.es/dagaes

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