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Planning
• Step 1: Identify problem• Step 2: Review prior research• Step 3: Determine budget *• Step 4: Determine the purpose, research questions, or hypotheses• Step 5: Consider research implications• Step 6: Construct a research proposal
Gathering Data
• Step 7: Gather data
Reporting Resul
ts
• Step 8: Analyze data• Step 9: Determine findings• Step 10: Report conclusions, implications, and limitations
Step 1. Identify the problem or topic
Perform literature review:• To gain understanding of the current state
of knowledge pertaining to your research idea.–New topic? Explored topic? (why)–Design your study (how)–Data collection method (what)
Step 2. Review prior research
• To provide foundational knowledge about the problem area. (rough idea)
- Common sources: books, review articles, websites• Educates the researcher about what studies have
been conducted in the past.• Helps understand the magnitude of the problem.
Step 4. Determine the purposes, research questions,
or hypotheses
• Identify clear purposes• 4 general purposes:–explore–describe–predict–explain
• Narrow the scope of the study
Step 5. Consider research implications
• Underlying goals• Rationales of the study research• Importance of the study implications
These implications are linked to the research problem, research purpose, research
questions or hypothesis.
Step 6. Construct a research proposal
(Research methodology)
• Research proposal is a detailed description of how the study will be conducted.
What is included in a research proposal?
– Title– Researchers of the study– Statement of the research problem and purpose– Review of relevant literature– Research questions and hypotheses– Informations to be gathered– Participants of the study– Potential benefits & risks– Designs and procedure for gathering data– Data collection method– Data analysis method
Step 7. Gathering data
• Information acquisition• Considerations made on:
i. What variables to investigateii. Units of analysis @ participants of the studyiii. Human subject protectionsiv. Procedures used for selecting participants.v. Methods & procedures used for data collectionsvi. Reliability & validity of collection methods
Step 8. Analyze data
Qualitative:– Involves • Identifying patterns• Identifying categories• Identifying theme
Quantitative (using statistical analysis tools)– Identify statistical relationship between variables.
QualitativeQuantitativeBoth qualitative & quantitative
Data Analysis Method
Step 9. Determine findings
• Determine findings from data analysis.- Qualitative data: detailed and specific findings- Quantitative data: statistical information and general findings- Mixed approach: describe how the findings supplement each other and help explain a more complete picture
Step 10. Report conclusions, implications and limitations
• Conclusions are statements that interpret and evaluate the results found from the study.
• Factors to consider when reporting conclusions/ disseminations:1) Tailoring report content for the audience2) Explaining the purpose of the study3) Integrating findings with the result from prior
research4) Relating findings to your research questions and
hypotheses.
# Discuss also about:1) practical @theoretical implications drawn from the study.
2) shortcomings @ limitations of the research3) directions @ suggestion for future research.
References:
• https://www.utexas.edu/academic/ctl/assessment/iar/research/plan/process.php
• http://lrc.coastalbend.edu/content.php?pid=145270&sid=1235201
• http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/steps-of-the-research-process