eduSource Glossary of Terms - University of Waterloo · Web viewThe TELOS Glossary of Terms uses...

Research Network

TELOSGlossary of Terms

Version 1.0

January 25, 2005

Research Network

Revision HistoryDate Version Description Author

February 15, 2003 0.1 First Draft from the edusource Glossary with some new TELOS terms from the Vision document

Gilbert Paquette

March 1, 2003 0.2 Draft augmented and revised Karin Lundgren-Cayrol

March 23, 2004 0.3 Added contributions from other themes Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Gilbert Paquette, Ottman Basir, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, Christopher Brooks

December 22, 2004 0.6 Extended glossary, including terms from Use Case documents and conceptual framework. Added terms from Theme 2.1 and Theme 6.3.

Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Anis Masmoudi, Claire Banville

January 19, 2005 0.7 Integration of terms defined in the conceptual framework document by Ioan Rosca and validation of version 0.7

Gilbert Paquette

January, 20, 2005 0.8 Verifying terms, adding missing terms and correcting English.

Karin Lundgren

January, 25, 2005 1.0 New terms and review Gilbert Paquette

LORNET Research Network Version: 1.0

Glossary of Terms Date: January, 25, 2004

Table of contentTable of content...............................................................................................................2Presentation.....................................................................................................................2A........................................................................................................................................2B........................................................................................................................................2C........................................................................................................................................2D........................................................................................................................................2E.........................................................................................................................................2F.........................................................................................................................................2G........................................................................................................................................2H........................................................................................................................................2I..........................................................................................................................................2J.........................................................................................................................................2K........................................................................................................................................2L.........................................................................................................................................2M........................................................................................................................................2N........................................................................................................................................2O........................................................................................................................................2P.........................................................................................................................................2Q........................................................................................................................................2R........................................................................................................................................2S.........................................................................................................................................2T.........................................................................................................................................2U........................................................................................................................................2V.........................................................................................................................................2W........................................................................................................................................2X.........................................................................................................................................2Y.........................................................................................................................................2Z.........................................................................................................................................2

Confidential LORNET Research Network Page 3 of 40






PresentationThe TELOS Glossary of Terms is part of the TELOS architecture documents that comprises

TELOS Glossary of Terms (GT)TELOS Vision and Orientations (VO)TELOS Use Cases Specification and Requirements (UCSR)TELOS Conceptual Framework (CF)TELOS Software Architecture (SA)TELOS Implementation and Deployment (ID) TELOS Testing Process (TP)

The TELOS glossary of terms includes concepts, expressions, abbreviations and keywords (i.e., terms) used in the above mentioned documents as well as some other terms from other sources that are of particular interest to the TELOS architecture.

It is a living document that will accompany all the TELOS related activities throughout the life of the LORNET project. It will be regularly updated to reflect the evolution of the architecture as well as research advances by all LORNET teams. A French translation of the term is provided when appropriate.

The TELOS Glossary of Terms uses three columns to describe each term:

Term – the concept, expression, abbreviation or key word being defined. The term is in English with the French translation in parenthesis.

Definition – a short definition of the term and its usage in the LORNET context. If needed, addresses or articles will be mentioned to provide further explanations.

Source – the original source of the definition; if the term is proposed by a LORNET theme, it will be indicated with T1 to T6 (e.g. LORNET/T2).

The set of sources are taken from-

- ANSI - from the American National Standards Institute

- DCMI - Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

- eduSource – Terms from the eduSource Suite of Tools Glossary

- IEEE/LTSC - IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee

- IETF - Internet Protocol Suite and its associated applications

- IMS Global Consortium – Instructional Management Systems

- IMS Abstract Framework: Glossary

- IMS/CP - IMS Content Packaging specification


http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/

http://www.imsglobal.org/af/afv1p0/imsafglossaryv1p0.html#1522853

http://www.imsglobal.org/

http://www.ietf.org/

http://ltsc.ieee.org/

http://edusource.licef.teluq.uquebec.ca/ese/en/index.jsp

http://dublincore.org/

http://www.ansi.org/



- IMS/DRI - IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability Specification

- IMS/Ent - IMS Enterprise specification

- IMS/ES - IMS Enterprise Service Specification

- IMS/LD - IMS Learning Design Specification

- IMS/LIP - IMS Learner Information Package Specification

- IMS/MD - IMS Metadata specification

- IMS/QTI - IMS Question & Test Interoperability Specification

- IMS/RDCEO - the IMS Reusable Definition for Competency and Educational Objectives Specification

- IMS/SS - IMS Simple Sequencing Specification

- ISO/IEC - a formal definition from the ISO/IEC

- LC – Learning Circuit Glossary

- OAI - Open Archive Initiative.

- OKI - Open Knowledge Initiative

- OLF – Office Québécois de la langue Française : Grand dictionnaire terminologique

- OMG Object Management Group

- MISA – Glossary of Terms for the LICEF Learning System Engineering Method

- SC36 –ISO/IEC JCT1 SC36 committee

- SCORM - ADL’s Sharable Content Object Reference Model

- W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

- Webopedia – The #1 online encyclopedia dedicated to computer technology

Common acronyms for computer science and web terms:

- .Net - Microsoft software architecture

- DOI – Digital Object Identifier (DOI ® )

- EJB - Enterprise JavaBeans™

- FTP - File Transfer Protocol

- HTML – Hypertext Markup Language

- J2EE – Java 2 Enterprise Edition: Java architecture

- LDAP – Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

- URI – Universal Resource Identifier

- URL – Universal Resource Locator

- WSDL – Web Services Description Language

- WSDL – Web Services Description Language


http://www.doi.org/overview/sys_overview_021601.html

http://www.webopedia.com/

http://www.w3.org/

http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=scormabt

http://jtc1sc36.org/

hthttp://www.cogigraph.com/en/misa.htm

http://www.omg.org/

http://www.granddictionnaire.com/btml/fra/r_motclef/index1024_1.asp

http://www.okiproject.org/

http://www.oai.org/

http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html

http://www.standardsinfo.net/isoiec/index.html

http://www.imsglobal.org/simplesequencing/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/competencies/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/

http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/

http://www.imsglobal.org/es/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/enterprise/index.cfm

http://www.imsglobal.org/digitalrepositories/



- XML – Extensible Markup Language

- XSLT – Extensible StyleSheet Language Transformations

TELOS Glossary

English Term(French Term)

Definition Source

AAccess (Accès)

An action (such as sending a query or a request by clicking on a direct hyperlink) by either a human or machine enabling the retrieval of data.

IMS/DRI

Access Control (Contrôle d’accès)

A technology that selectively permits or prohibits certain types of data access.

ISO

Access Management Service/System(Service/système de gestion d’accès)

The application of data about users, user profiles and services to access control systems so that users, authenticated or not, have access to those systems, functions and resources.

An Access Management service/system could merely be a system that rotates passwords or that checks for the user's IP address

An Access Management Systems could also seek to support single sign on, where the user is challenged for a single name and password and has access to more than one system or resource.

eduSource

Accessibility (Accessibilité)

A characteristic of technology that enables people with disabilities to use it. For example, accessible Websites can be navigated by people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. Accessible design also benefits people with older or slower software and hardware. http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accwpv0p6/imsacc_wpv0p6.html http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#A http://www.w3.org/WAI/

IMS

LC

W3C

Act (Acte)

An Act is a component of play, which is a sequence of acts. In each act, different activities are set for different roles and are preformed in parallel. When an act is completed, the next act starts until the completion requirements for the learning design are met.

IMS-LD


http://www.w3.org/WAI/

http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#A

http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accwpv0p6/imsacc_wpv0p6.html

http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accwpv0p6/imsacc_wpv0p6.html




Definition Source

Action (Action)

An instruction or series of instructions to be followed should the condition in a conditional rule be evaluated by an application as being “true”. See Condition

eduSource

Activity Sequence(Séquence d’activités)

Declares the relative order in which elements of content are to be presented to the learner and the conditions under which a piece of content is selected and delivered or skipped during presentation.

IMS-SS

Activity Structure(Structure d’activités)

An abstract description of an organization of activities (such as a sequence or tree structure) in which the activities themselves are not explicitly identified, but into which activities may be placed, in order to create actual organizations of activities (such as an activity sequence or an activity tree)

Arbitrarily complex structures of activities can be formed, such as tree hierarchies with options and sequencing of sub-activities.

IMS-LD

Activity Tree

(Arborescence des activités)

An Activity tree is the representation of the parent-child relationships between activities. It is a hierarchical collection of activities with associated rules and specifications of (learning) activities, conditions and limits. The activity tree describes the steps in a process in order to achieve a desired outcome.

IMS/SS

Activity/ Learning activity/ Support activity(Activité /Activité d’apprentissage/Activité de support)

A resource designed with the expectation that the user undertake some action to be undertaken by an actor playing a role within a specified environment. There are two types of activities: learning activities (reading, writing, etc.) or support activities (community building, marking, tutoring, etc.).

An activity is a kind of operation.

IMS-LD

Actor

(Acteur)

An Actor is defined indirectly by a role or a coherent set of roles that a user or other agent plays with respect to a system. In UML/RUP methodology, actors are a key part of a Use Case Diagram where they are linked to the roles they perform. In a function, which is a multi-actor process, actors perform operations where they use or produce resources for other actors.

In TELOS, the main actors are Engineer, Technologist, Designer, Learner, Facilitator, Administrator, Composer and Explorer.

LORNET/ T6





Definition Source

Actor Model(Modèle d’acteur)

An actor model refers to a representation of a generic actor that can be of two types, Agent (an application) or User (a person). An agent is an application, whereas the user is a person. The Actor Model contains a list of attributes describing preferences and properties of the actors, either generic or related to the system. Its instantiation with data about the user obtained from traces during interaction with the system is called an actor profile.

LORNET/T2

Administrator

(Administrateur)

A TELOS Actor that prepares a certain type of the TELOS cascade aggregates. A Core, LKMS, LKMA or LKMP administrator prepares the corresponding aggregates for its users.

LORNET/ T6

Agent

(Agent)

A software, system component or active object designed for a specific, automated task such as the discovery of metadata or to request assets. http://about-the-web.com/shtml/glossary.shtml

A TELOS agent is a communication interface with the TELOS kernel that allows the connection of a user or a system component to TELOS, and eventually, represents him or it in the system. The object controller equips a system with an agent controller, and a user with an agent interface connector. A TELOS agent can declare, deliver, request or receive services to or from users or agents.

IMS /DRI

Aggregate(Agrégat)

A resource obtained by grouping, integrating or orchestrating together finer grain resources, thereafter called components of the aggregate, according to some aggregation process or principle. The aggregation principle defines an aggregate type.

LORNET/T6

Aggregate Components(Composantes d’aggrégat)

Conceptual components, not necessarily resources, having different roles in the aggregate. They can be declarations (abstract definition of the aggregate parts), components (the aggregate resources) or manipulators (tools allowing the composition and use of the aggregate)

The TELOS conceptual architecture distinguishes five types of aggregate components. K: Knowledge declaration (semantic indexing), documents

(ontologies or metadata) and manipulators R: Resource declaration, actual library items and

manipulators A: Aggregate declarations, component resources and

manipulator (tool) S: Support or assistance declarations, agents and

manipulators C: Control declarations, agents and manipulators

LORNET/T6


http://about-the-web.com/shtml/glossary.shtml




Definition Source

Aggregate type

Aggregation principle(Type d’agrégation

Principe d’agrégation)

There are three major types of aggregates depending on the aggregation principle and the types of components that are aggregated.

1- Grouping: simple assembly of entities selected by some useful criteria (goal, owner etc) Collections: composed from documents and tools User Groups: composed from persons Environment Spaces: composed from persons and objects Meta-groups: composed from groups

2 - Integration: assembling a system of inter-cooperating entities, acting as a coherent whole Fusion: composed from documents and tools Teams: composed from persons Projects: composed from persons and objects Meta-systems: Composed from other systems

3 - Orchestration : a process oriented aggregation, based on a coordinating principle between the "participant" entities Programs: composed from documents and tools Persons Coordinations: composed from persons Functions: composed from persons and objects Meta-functions: composed from other functions.

LORNET/T6

Aggregation(Agrégation)

The process of assembling resources from one or more places (repositories or elsewhere) and grouping them together in a coherent entity. The result is a new resource called an aggregate and the initial resources are called components of the aggregate.

The aggregation process is composed of four main phases: Composition, where the aggregate is produced by an

actor called a composer, Exploration preparation, where the aggregate is

prepared for use or exploration by an administrator, Exploration where the aggregate is processed or used

by a user or an agent, Analysis where a facilitator (person or agent) analyses

the exploration of the aggregate to provide composition support

LORNET/T6

Aggregation Actor(Acteurs d’agrégation)

Generic TELOS actor participating in the life cycle of the aggregation process: Composer, Administrator, Explorer and Facilitator.

LORNET/T6





Definition Source

Aggregator(Agrégateur)

A system extension tool allowing the assembly of an aggregate from a group of components according to one or more aggregation principles.

LORNET/T6

Alert

(Alerte)

A message instigated from a repository and received by a resource user often to inform a resource user or agent of new or updated metadata and/or resources.

IMS/DRI

Application(Application)

System, system component, tool, or agent that uses the Application Services to support an eLearning function. These are specific to the domain of use (e.g., student system, course management system, etc.) and they can vary from large, monolithic systems to very small agents.

IMS-IAF

Application Layer

(Couche d’application)

In the IMS Abstract Framework (IAF) it is useful, for completeness, to refer to the layer where applications reside.

IMS-IAF

Application Profile

(Profil d’application)

A set of one or more standards and/or specifications, and where applicable the identification of chosen classes, subsets, options, vocabularies and parameters of those standards/specifications necessary for accomplishing a particular function. In this context, the SCORM and CANCORE are Application Profiles.

IMS-IAF

Application Program Interface (API) (Interface de programme d’application (API))

An application program interface is an implementation of a Service AccessPoint (SAP) or collection of SAPs. A set of standard software interrupts, calls, functions, and data formats that can be used by an application program to access network services, devices, or operating systems.

SC36

Architecture(Architecture)

The Architectural view of a system is an abstract model or representation that discards details of implementation, algorithm, and data management and concentrates on thebehavior and interaction of ‘black-box’ components. In the context of eLearning, an architecture is a representation of a collection of services, which cooperate to provide a particular set of electronic-based learning capabilities. The abstract framework can be used to create any number of eLearning architectures.

IMS/IAF

Assessment(Estimation/Évaluation)

An Assessment is a collection of resources intended to determine the level of mastery, or otherwise, that a participant has on a particular subject. An assessment might, for example, be an IMS-QTI test, that is, a collection of IMS-QTI Items, along with additional information required to manipulate these items.'

IMS/QTI

Asset

(Actif)

Any digital or non-digital resource that can be submitted to, referenced by or requested from a Digital Repository. While metadata can also be utilized as an asset, the model distinguishes between assets and their associated metadata.

eduSource


http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.cfm




Definition Source

Asset Repository(Banque d’actifs numériques)

A computer-accessible collection of electronic representations of media, text, images, sound, Web pages, assessment objects or other pieces of data that can be delivered to a Web client. See digital repository

eduSource

Assistance See Support System and Facilitator.

Assistive / Adaptive Technology(Technologie Adaptative)

Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

http://www.esmerel.org/canada/canada.htm

http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/techgloss.html

IMS/DRI

Augmented Reality(Réalité augmentée)

A system generates a composite view for the user of the real scene and a virtual scene generated by the computer. See Registration

LORNET/T5

Authentication(Authentification)

Verifying a user’s claimed identity. SC36

Authorization(Autorisation)

The permission to perform certain operations or use certain methods or services.

IEEE

BBehavior The term behavior is used to describe the ways in which a

system, an application, an object, a component, etc. is permitted to respond to stimuli. The behavior is normally represented by a set of stable states across which the system moves in response to stimuli that cause the transition. Behavior is normally time dependent and so a pure data model representation is insufficient.

IMS-IAF

Binding(Liaison)

An application or mapping from one framework or specification to another. This word should not be used by itself without qualification and clear definition.

See XML Binding

SC36

Browser(Fureteur)

A system entity that is used by an end user to access a Web site. A browser provides a run-time environment for distributed application components on the client's device.

W3C


http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/techgloss.html

http://www.esmerel.org/canada/canada.htm




Definition Source

CCanCore Canadian Core Learning Object Metadata Application Profile -

CanCore is an application profile based on and fully compatible with the IEEE Learning Object Metadata standard and the IMS Learning Resource Metadata specification. This profile is intended to facilitate the interchange of records describing educational resources and the discovery of these resources both in Canada and beyond its borders http://www.cancore.ca/en/

CanCore

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a mechanism for adding or modifying style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents." A style sheet is made up of rules that tell a browser how to present a document. http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/

W3C

Client Application(Application client)

A client application is software that has to be downloaded on to the user’s computer in order to connect to a server. It performs function calls to be executed by a server application. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/staff/barkley/poole/ir5820/ir5820sg.htm

W3C

Code Model It is a model of a software program, which represents a static view of the structure and behavior of the code.

LORNET/T2

Collaboration Service/System(Système/Service de collaboration)

A collection of components that serve to manage synchronous and asynchronous interaction between any two or more users of a system.

IMS-IAF

Common Service(API de zone commune de services)

A software service that is common across a wide variety of enterprise application domains, for instance finance and accounting, digital library, human resources, etc. A software service that is foundational and can serve as critical building blocks for higher-level domain specific service implementations.

Common Services include authentication, authorization, rules management, logging, name resolution service management, user messaging, and related common objects. http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20020111095625

IMS/OKI

CETIS

Common Services Layer(Couche d’API de zone commune des services)

The set of *Common Services* that are available to the set of applications in the application layer. The common services layer lies between the infrastructure layer and the application layer.

IMS-IAF


http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20020111095625

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/staff/barkley/poole/ir5820/ir5820sg.htm

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/staff/barkley/poole/ir5820/ir5820sg.htm

http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/

http://www.cancore.ca/en/




Definition Source

Communication Kernel(Noyau de communication)

An eduSource service that includes the eduSource Communication Language (ECL), a meta-protocol facilitating interactions between tools, services and communication protocols, in particular OAI and Z39.50. It uses the eduSource Services Registry (ESR) that references all the services in the infrastructure, from which an eduSource user can select the services that s/he wishes to use.

LORNET/T1

Competence(Compétences)

A combined knowledge, skill, or attitude that enables one to effectively perform the activities of a given occupation or function to the standards expected in employment. A standardized definition is given in the IMS Reusable Definition of Competency or Educational Objective (RDCEO). The core information in a RDCEO is an unstructured textual definition of the competency that can be referenced through a globally unique identifier. Even though the RDCEO does not provide any structural information about a competency, it mentions that this information may be refined using a user-defined model of the structure of a competency.

http://www.imsglobal.org/competencies/index.html

The MISA method provides such a structure. A competency is defined as a generic skill, selected in a taxonomy that a user or an agent can apply to a set of knowledge with a certain degree of performance. It is a qualitative and/or a quantitative characterization of the level of mastery of a set of knowledge.

IMS-RDCEO

MISA

Competency Management Service/System(Service/Système de gestion des compétences)

A Service or System that allows the management of a user's competencies, the creation of competency definitions and the association of these definitions with learning objects, performance and assessment criteria and corresponding learning activities.

eduSource

Completion Rules(Règles de complétion)

At every level within a Method, it is possible to specify the rules when a role-part, Act, Play, or Unit-of-Learning is completed. It is expected that the runtime system keep a record of the completion status of these different entities. The completion of an 'atomic' learning or support activity is determined either by user choice or when a time limit is reached (Level A). In a Learning Design Level A, the next three levels up, act, play, and unit-of-learning, each have three completion options.

Note: Completion of a higher-level element, by either user choice or time limit, terminates all lower level components contained within it.

IMS/LD


http://www.imsglobal.org/competencies/index.html




Definition Source

Component(Composant)

A component is a software object, meant to interact with other components, or stand alone, encapsulating certain functionality or a set of functionalities. A component has a clearly defined interface and conforms to a prescribed behavior common to all components within a framework.

W3C

Component Based Architecture (CBA)(Architecture basée sur des composants)

The creation, integration, and re-use of components of program code, each of which has a common interface for use by multiple systems.

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/computing/component+based+development

Hyperdictionnary

Component Based Development (CBD)(Développement basée sur les composants)

A system design composed of separate components that can be connected together. One component can replace another without affecting the rest of the system.

http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/Component-based-Architectures.html

Bitpipe

Composer(Compositeur)

An generic TELOS Actor involved in the aggregation process that builds the aggregate. An Engineer composes the core. A Technologist composes a LKMS. A Designer composes a LKMA. A Learner composes a LKMP.

LORNET T6

Composition(Composition)

A form of aggregation with strong ownership and coincident lifetime as part of the whole. Parts with non-fixed multiplicity may be created after the composite itself, but once created they live and die with it (i.e., they share lifetimes). Such parts can also be explicitly removed before the death of the composite. Composition may be recursive. Grouping is not a composition process, but integration and orchestration are.

UML-OMG

Condition(Condition)

A part of a rule consisting of a description of a property or state such that, if the description is true, then an action, also specified by the rule, is triggered.

eduSource

Conditional Rule / Conditional Statement(Règle conditionnelle / énoncé conditionnel)

A statement that is periodically evaluated by an application. The statement has two parts, a condition (see 'condition') and an action. If the state described by the condition is 'true' when evaluated by the application, then the action described in the rule is initiated or undertaken by the application.

eduSource

Configuration(Configuration)

Configuration consists in setting architectural relationships among components, connectors, and data during a period of system run-time, generally at setup time.

W3C






http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/components

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/re-use




Definition Source

Content(Contenu)

See Resource

Educational: The substance or subject matter of an educational program as a whole or of any one of its parts.

eduSource

Content Management Service/System(Service/système de gestion de contenu)

A system or service that provides mechanisms for the creation, flexible management (e.g., aggregation, sequencing, dynamic rendering) and publishing of assets. Users may use this service or applications to publish assets or metadata, deliver assets or metadata, search, manage rights, or manage access.

eduSource

Content Package(Assemblage de contenu)

A unit of usable (and reusable) content as defined within the IMS Content Package Specification. An IMS Content Package consists of a logical description of the package called a Manifest.

http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm

IMS/CP

Content Package Specification(Spécification d’assemblage de contenu)

An information model describing data structures that are used to provide interoperability of Internet based content with content creation tools, learning management systems (LMS), and run time environments. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm

IMS/CP

Creator(Créateur)

The person or organization primarily responsible for creating the intellectual content of the resource. For example, authors in the case of written documents, artists, photographers, or illustrators in the case of visual resources. The creator can also be an eduSource Publisher.

See

http://www.cancore.ca/en/guidelines.html

http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/ #

IMS/DRI

eduSource

DDeliver(Transférer)

To transport an asset from a digital repository to a resource user in response to a request.

IMS/DRI

Designer(Concepteur)

A TELOS Actor that uses one of TELOS LKMS (Learning and Knowledge Management System) and its services to produce applications (courses, knowledge-based workflows, community of practice support, etc.) for learners and learning facilitators.

It is also the main user of the Learning Design specification.

LORNET/ T6


http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/#

http://www.cancore.ca/en/guidelines.html






Definition Source

Digital Repositories Interoperability Specification(Spécification des banques d’objets numériques et interopérables)

A recommended set of information models and protocols to enable interoperability between two digital repositories during search, publish, and store operations.

IMS/DRI

Digital Repository Management Service

(Service de gestion de banques d’objets numériques)

A service that enable access to, and the management, of a Digital Repository.

IMS

Digital Resource Repository(Banque de ressources numériques)

A Digital Repository that holds assets/resources and/or associated metadata records.

eduSource

Digital Rights Management Services/ System(Services/Systèmes de gestion des droits numériques)

A system of applications that manages the expression of the conditions for the use of an asset, specifically: usage permissions, obligations, constraints, and ownership. The DRM system also supports the expression of rights offers and agreements (e.g., licenses) for content and all the parties involved (including rights holders). A DRM system may help initiate transactions enabling payment for, or delivery of, digital assets See http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/iannella/06iannella.html

EduSource

Directory(Répertoire)

A digital repository of information about network-accessible entities such as services, other repositories, specifications, content objects, people, and organizations that is managed, searchable, and organized according to a specific logic such as alphabetical order.

IMS/DRI

Document Type Definition (DTD)

The Document Type Definition (DTD) was the primary XML binding control document format of IMS but this has now been superseded by XSD (at present these bindings are working to the May 2001 version of XML Schema). The DTD defines a set of elements, their content models and attributes, and their simple relationships.

W3C


http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/iannella/06iannella.html




Definition Source

EECL gateway This is a standalone service that connects eduSource network

with other networks. The ECL gateway performs translation between ECL protocol and the protocol of the network it is bridging to. It is available to all eduSource participants. For example, ECL gateway can transform ECL protocol to OAI protocol and vice versa.

eduSource

eduSource Communication Language (ECL)(Langage de communication eduSource)

ECL is a metaprotocol using SOAP messaging for enabling repositories and eLearning systems to communicate with each other and with eduSource services using the most common communication protocols. All the eduSource tools (applications, services and components) will be ECL enabled to ensure interoperability.

eduSource

Engineer(Ingénieur)

A TELOS Actor that expands the TELOS Core using the TELOS kernel to help Technologists build LKMSs for Designers.

LORNET/ T6

eLearning Middleware Services

Groups all the functionalities enabling users to interact with eLearning systems or services whose providers agree to be referenced in eduSource, and to publish functionalities in the eduSource Web Services registry.

eduSource

eLearning System(Système de téléapprentissage)

Any software system that supports e-learning, including LMS, LCMS, distance education platforms or educational agents.

eduSource

eLearning system service(Service d’un système de téléapprentissage)

Any application service offered by an eLearning system, for example, QTI (Question and Test Interoperability), learner profiling, tracking, progression management, collaboration support, learner, tutor assistance, etc.

eduSource

Environment(Environnement)

A structured collection of learning objects, services, and sub-environments within which activities take place.

IMS/LD





Definition Source

ePortfolio(ePortfolio)

ePortfolios are collections of personal information about a learner that represent accomplishments, goals, experiences, and other personalized records that a learner can present to schools, employers, or other entities. Typical uses of ePortfolios go beyond the traditional concept of a transcript to include applying for jobs, designing personalized learning, and tracking career planning. http://www.imsglobal.org/ep/ It can also contain a collection of artefacts (e.g. resume, productions, etc.) as well as a user model.

IMS

LORNET/T3

Explorer(Explorateur)

A TELOS generic Actor involved in the aggregation process that uses an aggregate for some purpose. An Engineer explores the TELOS kernel and the TELOS core to extend the core. A Technologist explores the TELOS core to build a LKMS. A Designer explores a LKMS core to build a LKMA. A Learner explores the a LKMA to build a LKMP.

LORNET/ T6

External Provider(Fournisseur externe)

An Actor (person or agent) that is not part of the TELOS system but that provides a service to TELOS user or agent or an external requestor using an agent or service in the TELOS system.

LORNET/ T6

External Requestor(Demandeur externe)

A TELOS Actor person or agent) that is not part of the TELOS system but that requests a service from a TELOS user or agent or from an external provider through some agent or service in the TELOS system

LORNET/ T6

FFacilitator

(Facilitateur)

A TELOS Actor that provides assistance to TELOS users. A Core, LKMS, LKMA or LKMP facilitator gives assistance to engineers, technologists, designers, and learners, respectively. Similarly, a composer, administrator, explorer, facilitator facilitator gives assistance to the corresponding actors.

LORNET/ T6

Federated Search System (FSS)(Système fédéré de recherche)

A software interface that can access a set of metadata repositories, search each one according to stipulated search conditions and return a set of Metadata Records.

The ability to search contents of one collection from another collection.

eduSource


http://www.smete.org/smete/public/about_smete/activities/technology/federated_search/Proposed_Fed_Search_Specs.doc

http://www.imsglobal.org/ep/




Definition Source

Federator

(Fédérateur)

A software agent responsible for the interaction between a User and a Federated Search System (FSS). It may be an Intelligent Agent responsible for searching and harvesting metadata according to a student’s preferences and/or search criteria/ conditions.

eduSource

Function (Fonction)

In TELOS, a multi-actor process in which one or more actors perform operations where they use or produce resources for other actors.

In general, a set of related actions, undertaken by individuals or applications (agents, tools) to accomplish a set purpose or end.

http://www.maxwideman.com/pmglossary/PMG_F03.htm

LORNET/T2

Function Map(Carte de Fonction)

An interactive user interface where a function model is presented, giving access to its components, actors, operations and resources, and also messaging, annotation, collaboration and assistance functionalities.

LORNET/T2

Function Model(Modèle d’une fonction)

The representation of a function using a representation language (graphic, formal logic, XML, etc.)

LORNET/T2

GGateway(Passerelle)

Software that is capable of bridging disparate network protocols. For the purposes of this specification, "gateway" refers to protocol bridging functionality, which may exist in a stand-alone gateway or may be co-located with a proxy or origin server.

W3C

Gather(Recueillir)

See Harvest IMS/DRI

Gather Engine(Importateur)

A software application commonly known as a Harvester. IMS/DRI


http://www.maxwideman.com/pmglossary/PMG_F03.htm




Definition Source

Granularity(Granularité)

Granularity refers to the degree of decomposition of a learning object. The CanCore Application profile has an in-depth explanation of this metadata element (General – 1.8 Aggregation level). The four levels are:

1. Raw media data or Fragments2. A collection of level 1 learning objects3. A collection of level 2 learning objects4. The largest level of Granularity

A similar vocabulary have been proposed by Duval, E & Hodgins, W. (2003), See http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/alternate/P659/p659-duval.html.html

LORNET/T3

Grid Computing(Calcul distribué)

Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci773157,00.html

LORNET/T3

Group Management Service/System(Service/Système de gestion des groupes)

Group management services can include data from class creation and class scheduling, and the ongoing maintenance of that data. A source system/service creates and maintains group information, which needs to be shared with other systems that are involved with group management functions. The flow of group management information is not necessarily one way; some data may be updated by a target system and passed back to the source system.

IMS/ES

HHarvest(Importer)

To retrieve and take delivery of metadata from one or more external digital repository for inclusion in another digital repository specified by the harvester actor.

eduSource

Harvester(Importateur)

A client application operated by a service provider as a means of collecting metadata from repositories, here defined as network accessible servers that can process the 6 OAI-PMH requests (GetRecord, Identify, ListIdentifiers, ListMetadatFormats, ListRecords, ListSets).

A client application used to harvest metadata from digital repositories.

eduSource


http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci773157,00.html

http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci773157,00.html

http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/alternate/P659/p659-duval.html.html

http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/alternate/P659/p659-duval.html.html

http://www.cancore.ca/




Definition Source

Host System(Système hôte)

A system composed of applications, components, services, user interfaces and actors to which various external forms of assistance are provided by an Support System

LORNET/T2

IIdentification Service(Service d’identification)

A service that is responsible for producing and making available Global/Local User Identifiers (GUIDs/LUIDs).

Image-Based Virtual Environment(Environnement virtuel basé sur l’image)

An application to build virtual environment based on image synthesis. A collection of pre-captured sample images is used to build the photo-realistic virtual environment and then to render a novel view.

LORNET/T5

Immersive technology(technologie immersive ou virtuelle)

Immersive technology is usually defined in relation to virtual reality (VR). Immersive VR usually requires a head mounted display (HMD), which blocks outside views, a motion tracking device to track the participant's actions and transducers that interpreted participants' behaviors.

http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-immersive.htm

LORNET/T5

IMS Abstract Framework (IAF)

The IMS Abstract Framework (IAF) is a document synthetizing the IMS specification in a coherent way. It is not an attempt to define an IMS architecture, rather it is a way to define the set of services for which IMS has or might produce a set of interoperability specifications. It contains criteria to test if an eLearning system architecture is an instantiation of the abstract framework

IMS-IAF

Infrastructure(Infrastructure)

The underlying mechanism or framework of a system that is the set of protocols, interfaces, services, applications and physical devices employed by any and all applications, components, systems and services to interact for the purposes of communicating with each other. An infrastructure consists of at least the following:

network infrastructure protocols, e.g. TCP/IP, DOI, or a similar addressing system;

communication protocols, e.g. HTTP, FTP; messaging protocols, e.g. SOAP, XML-RPC, REST; data or information protocols, e.g., IEEE-LOM, DC, OAI

IMS/SD


http://www.imsglobal.org/af/





Definition Source

Infrastructure Layer(Couche d’infrastructure)

The set of protocols, interfaces, applications and physical devices that make it possible for any and all applications, components, systems and services to interact for the purposes of communicating with each other.

IMS-IAF

Instructional Scenario(Scénario pédagogique)

The central part of a learning unit grouping a learning scenario proposed for the learner and an assistance scenario proposed for the tutor/teacher/coach.

Modeling an educational scenario consists in specifying the activity or activities appropriate for the learner and the facilitator, including all the resources required to complete these activities as well as the productions that should result form these activities.

MISA

Interface(Interface)

A logical grouping of operations. An Interface represents an abstract Service type, independent of transmission protocol and data format.

W3C

Interoperability(Interopérabilité)

The ability of hardware or software components to work together effectively. http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#E

Interoperability allows any node of a network to use resources generated by a member of a network as if they were generated by this node.

LC

Item(Item)

In the IMS QTI specification, an Item is the smallest exchangeable object within QTI-XML. An Item is more than a ‘Question’ in that it contains the ‘Question’, the presentation/rendering instructions, the response processing to be applied to the participant’s response(s), the feedback that may be presented (including hints and solutions) and the metadata describing the Item. When a component, a learning objective, or a prerequisite needs a resource, an ‘item' element is used in the similar way to the organization part of IMS Content Packaging.

IMS/QTI IMS/LD IMS/CP

J

KKey(clé)

A key or a Composite key is a file containing a code to access the resource/asset.

eduSource


http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#E




Definition Source

Knowledge Asset(Actif cognitif)

Intellectual content possessed by an organization. Any piece of information that a worker at a company knows, from customer names to how to fix a piece of machinery, can be considered a knowledge asset. Assets can be codified in a variety of formats, such as PowerPoint slides, Word documents, audio and video files, and so forth.

LC

Knowledge Management(Gestion des connaissances)

The process of capturing, organizing, and storing information and experiences of workers and groups within an organization and making it available to others. By collecting those artifacts in a central or distributed electronic environment (often in a database called a knowledge base), KM aims to help a company gain competitive advantage.

http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#508

LC

Knowledge Representation(Représentation des connaissances)

A process (or its result) for encoding and storing facts, concept, procedures and principles, and their relationships in a formal way. Semantic networks, object-attribute-value triplets, production rules, frames, logical expressions and ontologies are all ways to represent knowledge.

OLF

LLauncher(Lançeur )

An agent or an actor that can either launch an un-packaged object/resource, or decompose an IMS-LD or a SCORM package to display any of its items.

eduSource

Learner (Apprenant)

In the TELOS system a learner is an Actor that explores a LKMA (Learning or Knowledge Management Application) to produce a set of products (action traces, documents, resources, etc.) grouped in a personal LKMP.

TELOS/T6

Learner Information Package (LIP)

A Learner Information Package is an IMS LIP Specification compliant XML instance that is exchanged between Profile Systems. It contains information about a single person or agent. http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.cfm

IMS/LIP

Learner Information Package Specification

An IMS information model used to describe learners and their learning history. http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.cfm

IMS/LIP

Learning Activity(Activité d’apprentissage)

An Activity used by a person to transform information in a resource into personal knowledge




http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#508




Definition Source

Learning Content Management System (LCMS)(Système de gestion des contenus d’apprentissage)

An LCMS is a multi-user environment where learning developers may create, store, reuse, manage, and deliver digital learning content from a central object repository. LCMS products allow users to create and reuse units of digital learning content/assets. An LCMS manages the process of creating, storing and delivering learning content.

The components of an LCMS are: an authoring application (editors), a learning object repository, a dynamic delivery interface, and administration tools.

LC

Learning Design(Design d’apprentissage)

An abstract term referring to any delimited piece of education or training, such as a course, a module, a lesson, etc. In IMS-LD, it is the description of a method of a unit of learning enabling learners to attain certain learning objectives by performing learning activities in a certain order in the context of a learning environment grouping resources. A particular case is an instructional scenario.

IMS/LD

Learning Management System (LMS)(Système de gestion des apprentissages)

A computer application that enables learning management, that is the processes of administering, tracking, scheduling, and reporting activities associated with a learner interacting with (online) instructional content.

LC

Learning Object (LO)(Objet d’apprentissage (OA)

Any resource or asset that can be used to support learning. A resource typically becomes thought of as a learning object when it is assigned learning object metadata, is discoverable through a digital repository, and can be displayed using an eLearning application.

Learning objects are defined here, as any reproducible and addressable digital or non-digital resource used to perform learning activities or support activities. In IMS Content Packaging they are represented with the element 'Resources'. Examples are: web pages, text books, productivity tools (text processors, editors, calculators, ), instruments (microscope, etc.), test items.

See Pedagogical Object

IMS/MD

IMS/LD

Learning Object Metadata (LOM)(Métadonnées de l’objet d’apprentissage)

LOM is an IEEE standard that includes both a data model and various bindings to describe the properties of a learning object . http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/index.html

IEEE


http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/index.html




Definition Source

Learning Object Repository (LOR)(Banque d’objets d’apprentissage)

A Learning Object Repository is storing content/assets/resources as well as their metadata record.

eduSource

Learning Objectives(Objectifs d’apprentissage)

In Simple Sequencing learning objectives are separate from learning activities. Learning objectives represent a set of locally and globally scoped data items, each with a satisfaction status and a satisfaction measure. Simple Sequencing makes no assumption as to how to interpret the objective (e.g., is it a competency, is it a mastery, or is it simply a shared value?). Activities may have more than one associated local objective and may reference multiple globally shared objectives. Multiple activities may reference the same global objective, thus sharing the data values. http://www.imsglobal.org/simplesequencing/index.cfm

IMS/SS

LKMA – Learning and Knowledge Management Application

An LKMA is an environment or a set of environments to help learners, or more generally knowledge workers, to acquire knowledge while interacting with resources in the environment. It is composed by a Designer using an LKMS, prepared by an LKMA Administrator, and used by Learners and Learning Facilitators.

LORNET/ T6

LKMP– Learning and Knowledge Management Product

A LKMP is an aggregate composed of execution traces and resources produced by a Learner or a Learner Facilitator, by direct interaction with the TELOS kernel or within a LKMA composed by a Designer.

LORNET/ T6

LKMS– Learning and Knowledge Management System

A LKMS is produced by a Technologist using the TELOS Core, is prepared by a LKMS administrator and is used by a Designer to produce LKMAs. A LKMS is a generalization of an LMS and a LCMS. It uses knowledge representation and is suitable, not only for learning but more generally for knowledge management.

LORNET/ T6

MMAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)

The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. http://www.loc.gov/marc/


http://www.loc.gov/marc/





Definition Source

Manifest An XML file A manifest that describes part of a course that can stand by itself outside of the context of a course (a unit of learning) an entire course, or a collection of courses for meaningful instruction. A manifest may usually contains zero or more static ways of organizing the instructional resources for presentation or use (for example an instructional scenario), to gether with a reference to resources that are organized or the resources themselves, together with their metadata. The manipest is the central part of a content package. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm

IMS/CP

Metadata(Métadonnées)

Structured data used to describe the attributes of a learning resource, a data object, or a component of a learning technology system. In LOM (IEEE1484.12.1-2002) Metadata standard, 9 groups can be found: General, Life-cycle, Meta-metadata, Technical, Educational, Rights, Relations, Annotation and Classification. Each group contains several elements. There are other metadata standards such as Dublin Core, MPEG7, ODRL,…. Mapping and translation systems among metadata schemas are being developed to increase interoperability.

IMS/MD

Metadata Repository(Banque de fiches de métadonnées)

A computer-accessible collection of metadata records for delivery to a Web client.

eduSource

Metatagging Tool(Métaréférenceur)

Is an editor that allows the user to create a metadata record for a learning object. The editor converts the data into an LOM Metadata Standard compliant XML file, which is the Metadata record.

Method (Méthode)

The method contains the two core parts of a Learning Design: the play and conditions, along with some completion and on-completion statements.

IMS/LD

Mixed Reality(Réalité hybride)

It is a class of computerized objects displays that brigns more flexibility in integrating real world and virtual world in a visual system. There is a continuum from Real Environments, to Augmented Reality, to Augmented Virtuality, to Virtual Reality Environments (See See Milgram, P. and Kishino, F., "A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays", IEICE Transactions on Information Systems, vol. E77-D, no. 12, Dec. 1994).

LORNET/T5


http://dublincore.org/





Definition Source

Model Driven Architecture (MDA)

MDA is an approach to system development, which increases the usefulness of models. It provides a means for using models to direct the course of understanding, design, construction, deployment, operation, maintenance and modification of a system.

Ref : http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf

OMG

Modularization(Modularisation)

Is the process of de-composing or re-composing a module (e.g., systems, applications, components, DTD, XML schema) by dividing (e.g., markup) into units or groups to support specific goals. www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/terms.html

W3C

MPEG 1-2-3 The MPEG standards are an evolving set of standards for video and audio compression and for multimedia delivery developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). MPEG-1 was designed for coding progressive video at a transmission rate of about 1.5 million bits per second. It was designed specifically for Video-CD and CD-i media. MPEG-1 audio layer-3 (MP3) now widely used has also evolved from early MPEG work.

http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212603,00.html

LORNET/T5

MPEG 21 MPEG-21 is an open multimedia framework for multimedia delivery and consumption of multimedia content with a vision to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources over a wide range of networks (wireless, DSL, telephone line) and different devices (laptops, PDAs and cell phones) within different communities by identifying and defining the key elements needed to support the multimedia delivery chain.

LORNET/T5

MPEG 4 MPEG-4 improves the MPEG-2 information production and consumption paradigm, deling with audio and video no longer as packaged “bitstreams”, produced by encoding, but as “audio-visual objects” (AVOs). It extends the earlier MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 algorithms with synthesis of speech and video, fractal compression, computer visualisation and artificial intelligence-based image processing techniques. http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/MPEG-4

LORNET/T5

MPEG 7 Metadata description of multimedia scene presented in any format like MPEG1-2-3-4.

LORNET/T5


http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/MPEG-4

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/image+processing

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/artificial+intelligence

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/computer+visualisation

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/fractal+compression

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/fractal+compression





http://WhatIs.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212600,00.html

http://searchStorage.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid5_gci503661,00.html

http://WhatIs.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212601,00.html

http://searchStorage.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid5_gci211828,00.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/terms.html

http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf




Definition Source

NNotification(Notification)

The sending of a message in response to an event. Events, which trigger notifications, include the completion of an activity and the changing of a property-value.

IMS/LD

OOperation(Opération)

A set of actions performed by an actor in order to process some information by using, consulting, modifying, producing a resource or a behavior.

LORNET/T2

Ontology(Ontologie)

Originally a term for the branch of philosophy concerned with defining what exists, it has been appropriated by the technical world to mean a conceptual representation of the entities, meanings, and relationships within a specific domain of knowledge. See RDF, W3C, Metadata, OIL, Semantic Web, DAML, and OWL.

W3C

Ontology Web Language (OWL)

(Ontology Web Language) – The ontology language is a standard way to describe an ontology in the form of an XML schema. It extends previous standards such as RDF and RDFS and DAML+OIL. The main constructs are hierarchy of classes, individuals members of classes, properties or relations between classes and individuals, an axioms stating properties of the relations and classes.

W3C

PPackage A unit of usable (and reusable) content. This may be part of a

course that has instructional relevance outside of a course organization and can be delivered independently, as an entire course or as a collection of courses. A Package must be able to stand-alone; that is, it must contain all the information needed to use the contents for learning when it has been unpacked.

IMS/CP

Pedagogical Object(Objet pédagogique)

Any resource or asset, digital or otherwise, intentionally used to support learning or learning design having potential for reuse.

A Pedagogical Object:

must be referenced by standardized metadata is discoverable through a digital repository can be displayed – by itself or through its representation –

using an eLearning application.

LORNET/T6.3


http://www.semanticworld.org/staticpages/index.php?page=20030123154058715

http://www.semanticworld.org/staticpages/index.php?page=20030123154058715




Definition Source

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network

Internet users are communicating with each other through P2P file sharing software programs that allow a group of computer users to share text, audio and video files stored on each other's computers.

http://www.publicknowledge.org/text-only/issues/p2p-networks.html#introduction

Platform Independent Model (PIM)

A platform independent model is a view of a system that exhibits a specified degree of platform independence so as to be suitable for use with a number of different platforms of similar type.

Re: http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf

OMG

Platform Specific Model (PSM)

A platform specific model is a view of a system from the platform specific viewpoint. A PSM combines the specifications in the PIM with the details that specify how that system uses a particular type of platform.

Ref : http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf

OMG

Play(Pièce)

A play consists of a sequence of acts. In each act, different activities are set for different roles and are preformed in parallel. When an act is completed, the next act starts until the completion requirements for the play are met.

IMS/LD

Publish To make an asset (learning object or resource) available for access.

IMS/DRI

Provider A user, either the creator of a learning object or educational resource, or a person or organization acting on his/her behalf that can publish secondary metadata for that learning object describing condition of use of the object, which are submitted to Digital Rights Management (DRM) system.

LORNET/T2

Provider Service This service permits the user to publish new learning objects with digital rights management protection. It contains a tool (application) to this purpose, intended mainly for individual users, organizations or companies wishing to provide learning objects to other users, freely or at certain conditions, including price and license agreement.

eduSource









Definition Source

QQuery Operation performed by a user or agent wishing to discover and

have information delivered from a system.IMS/DRI

Question &Test Interoperability (QTI) Specification

An information model that describes question (item) and test (assessment) data and their corresponding results reports. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/question/index.cfm

IMS/QTI

Quality of Services (QoS)

ISO standard defines QoS as a concept for specifying how “good” the offered networking services are in terms of usability and utility, both of which influence the popularity of the service. (Also see Grid computing)

ISO

LORNET/T5

RRational Unified Process (RUP)

A software development methodology based on UML, RUP organizes the development of software into four phases (Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transition), each consisting of one or more executable iterations of the software at that stage of development. Through these phases, different models or views of the system are developed, for example Vision, Use Cases Model, Design, Implementation, Deployment, Testing documents and models.

Ref : http://isp.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RUP.html

RDF Resource Description Framework (RDF http://www.w3.org/RDF/ ) is a foundation for processing metadata represented by object/property/value triplets; it provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. RDF emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources.

http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/#glossary

W3C

Registration In Augmented Reality, it is the process of properly aligning the objects in the real and virtual worlds with respect to each other, or generating the illusion that the two worlds coexist. Voir Web Services

LORNETT5

Registry of Services(Annuaire de services)

A system that typically holds metadata schemas, configuration data, application profiles, identifiers or other lookup data that is both human- and machine-accessible.

eduSource


http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/#glossary

http://www.w3.org/RDF/

http://isp.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RUP.html

http://www.imsglobal.org/content/question/index.cfm




Definition Source

Request(Requête)

To ask a digital repository for the delivery of an asset. IMS/DRI

Resource(Ressource)

Any digital or non-digital asset that can be accessed to support learning. A resource can be a metadata record, a learning object (a document, a tool, a person or agent giving services, a learning design), a content package or an aggregate.

IMS/DRI

Role In general, a set of operations an actor can make in one or more functions or in an IMS-LD Method. In the Learning Design Specification, a role specifies the type of participant in a unit of learning. There are two basic role types, Learner and Staff, which can be sub-typed to allow learners to play different roles in different learning activities. Similarly support staff can be sub-typed and given more specialized roles, such as Tutor, Teaching Assistant, Mentor, Manager, etc. Roles thus lay the basis for multi-actors models of learning.

http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.html

IMS/LD

LORNET/T2

Role-partPartition

A role-part associates exactly one role (staff or learner) with one activity or activity-structure, and its environment containing services, learning objects and outputs.

IMS-LD

SSCO Repository A computer-accessible collection (a learning object repository)

of sharable content objects(SCOs) that are pedagogically significant resource aggregates or content packages, that can be launched using the SCORM Run-Time Environment that enables their used by a compliant Learning Content Management Systems (LCMSs).http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm

SCORM

SCORM Run-Time Environment

The SCORM Run-Time Environment provides a means for interoperability between sharable content objects(SCOs) and LCMSs. The three components of the SCORM Run-Time Environment are defined as the ‘Launch’, ‘Application Program Interface (API)’ and ‘Data Model’. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm

SCORM

Search(Recherche)

An activity conducted by a repository, in which the values specified in a search request are compared to assets metadata, and where a list of matching assets or objects is returned.

IMS/DRI

eduSource


http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm


http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.html




Definition Source

Search Method(Méthode de recherche)

A defined method for searching the metadata records. In eduSource a user can perform three types of searches: Federated, Harvesting and P2P.

IMS/DRI

Search Request(Requête de recherche)

Description of a set of attributes and desired values, submitted to a repository, for the purpose of obtaining a (partial) list of assets/resources with attributes matching those values.

See Query

eduSource

Search Result Display Service(Service d’affichage des résultats de la requête)

This service permits a user or a search agent to query one or several repositories, to display metadata records of assets/learning objects/resources, to launch and use all free assets/learning objects/resources. For those objects with associated rights or license agreement, the user goes through a process in accordance with the digital rights associated with this resource. This process may include authentication, use of a key, or even payment through an external payment system.

eduSource

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

An Internet protocol for managing the security of a message transmission.

eduSource

Semantic Referencing(Référencement sémantique)

A process by which knowledge and/or competency descriptors are associated to actors, resources and operations providing description of the knowledge they possess or process and the competency specifying the degree of mastery of that knowledge.

LORNET/T6

Semantic Web(Web sémantique)

A conceptual Web built on top of the World Wide Web in which all identified resources are described by their meaning using metadata or ontologies that enable processing by computer agents.http://www.semanticweb.org/

W3C

Sequencing(Séquencement)

Sequencing is a method for representing the intended behavior of an authored learning experience by declaring the relative order in which elements of content are to be presented and the conditions under which a piece of content is selected or skipped during presentation.


IMS/SS

Sequencing Definition Model

An information model describing intended sequencing behaviors. Rules, limits, conditions and sequencing behaviors defined for activities.

IMS/SS

Service An identifiable i.e., named, software component, whose behaviors, defined, described and discoverable, and support interactions with other services via their Service Access Points. A normative description of each service is presented in UML.

IMS



http://www.semanticweb.org/




Definition Source

Service Access Point (SAP)(Point d’accès d’un service)

A service access point is an interface between two adjacent layers of the abstract framework. The SAP is an abstract representation of the service available through the interface and as such its physical implementation could be referred to as an API.

IMS-IAF

Service facilities (LD) Besides resources which can be defined at design time, there are numerous so-called 'service facilities' used during the teaching and learning, for instance, a discussion forum or some other communication facility. Service facilities are resources that cannot be given a URL at design time. They have to be instantiated by a local runtime service.

Current service types are: send-mail, conference, monitoring (level B), and index search. http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/ldv1p0/imsld_infov1p0.html

IMS/LD

Session A lasting connection across which data is exchanged between an application, such as a web browser, and another application, usually located on a server.

IMS

Sharable Content Object (SCO)

A Sharable Content Object (SCO) represents a collection of one or more Assets that include a specific launchable asset that utilizes the SCORM Run-Time Environment to communicate with LMSs. A SCO represents the lowest level of granularity of learning resources that can be tracked by an LMS using the SCORM Run-Time Environment. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm

SCORM

Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)

The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) defines a Web-based learning ‘Content Aggregation Model’ and ‘Run-Time Environment’ for learning objects. At its simplest, it is a model that references a set of interrelated technical specifications and guidelines designed to meet the DoD’s high-level requirements for Web-based learning content. From an IMS perspective, SCORM is an Application Profile. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm

SCORM

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

SOAP is a messaging protocol where messages are expressed in XML. A SOAP message can invoke service access point, and returns results produced by the Web service. http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/

W3C


http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/



http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/ldv1p0/imsld_infov1p0.html

http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/ldv1p0/imsld_infov1p0.html




Definition Source

Simple Sequencing(Séquencement simple)

Simple Sequencing is the functionality developed in the IMS Simple Sequencing Specification to make available alternative paths through a set of aggregated contents. The sequencing instructions are embedded within the Manifest of the Content Package of the learning materials. The actual route through the learning material can be dependent upon the actions of the user.

IMS/SS

Sniffer(reniflage de paquets)

A program which collects/displays all data packets passing through an ethernet device on a LAN. Sniffing is accomplished by setting the device to promiscuous mode, which enables it to listen to all packets, not just the ones destined for it.

LORNET/T4

Spoofing(mystification)

The process of forging data packets so they appear to come from another host commonly used to gain access through packet-filtering firewalls and other security systems.

LORNET/T4

SSL See Secure Socket Layer

Sub-manifest A manifest within a manifest. IMS/CP

Submit(Soumettre)

To transport an asset from a creator to a digital repository for storage.

IMS/DRI

Support Activity(Activité de support)

An activity carried out in support of a role performing one or more learning activities. For example, a staff role might have the support activity to grade reports made by people in the learner role named 'student'. Each student creates his/her own report and the tutor grades every report (repeating the 'grade report' support activity).

A support activity can also be performed by computer agents in an assistance system or support system.

IMS/LD

TELOS

Support System(Système de support)

A set of advisor agents, external to a host system, that can provide contextual help, adaptive action or pieces of advises to the users playing actor’s roles in the host system.

LORNET/T2

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)

The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) is another XML language. SMIL, pronounced “smile”, is recommended for the creation of multimedia presentations for the Web and is supported by popular user agents, including RealPlayer and QuickTime Media Player. http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo

W3C


http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo




Definition Source

TTechnologist A TELOS Actor that uses the TELOS Core to build LKMSs for

Designers. LORNET/ T6

TELOS Actor Services(Services aux acteurs TELOS)

TELOS actors interact with TELOS systems, applications or products using services. Here are some examples:

K services: semantic indexation, translations, referential fusion;

R services : find, obtain, adapt, annotate, use a resource ;

A services: find, compose, manage, explore and analyze an aggregate;

S services: edit or use some remote support or assistance

C services: edit or use some control on resources

LORNET/T6

TELOS Core (Générateur TELOS)

A collection of resources (models, data and tools) that uses the TELOS Kernel to extend its functions and to build structured products (LKMPs), applications (LKMAs) and systems (LKMSs).

It contains the TELOS Core Libraries grouping resources and tools to define knowledge, resources, support, aggregate and control components of an aggregate.

LORNET/T6

TELOS Kernel(Noyau TELOS)

In the TELOS kernel reside the main coordination services that can be used in the TELOS Core to develop TELOS systems, applications and products. It contains the communication infrastructure of TELOS implementing an “educational service bus”, including

User Connector that enables a user to access TELOS services by providing him with the appropriate user agent according to the roles and actor wants to play in the system.

Object Controller that allows the connection of any resource, including system objects, providing it with the appropriate services.

Agent Coordinator enabling communication among agents representing and coordinating the actors in the system.

LORNET T6

TELOS Semantic Referential(Référentiel sémantique de TELOS)

A set of organized libraries of ontology constructs (classifications, thesaurus, metadata properties, knowledge models, competency profiles), which can be associated to provide semantic meta-references to all types of actors, operations and resources in the TELOS resource repositories.





Definition Source

Tool(Outil informatique)

See Application

Tracking & Logging Service(Service de traçage et d’enregistrement)

A Service that enables any other service to be tracked and the corresponding information and events to be logged. The log will be made available via a range of report formats.

IMS

Tracking Model(Modèle de traçage)

An information model containing results data for a learner related to objectives and progress on learning activities.

IMS/SS

Trace(Trace)

A collection of data capturing the interactions of a user with a component for the purpose of forming a user model.

UUDDI UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) creates

a standard interoperable platform that enables companies and applications to quickly, easily, and dynamically find and use Web services over the Internet. UDDI is a cross-industry effort driven by major platform and software providers, as well as marketplace operators and e-business leaders within the OASIS standards consortium..

http://www.uddi.org/.

W3C

Unit of Learning An abstract term used to refer to any delimited piece of education or training, such as a course, a module, a lesson, etc. A unit of learning represents more than just a collection of ordered resources to learn—it includes a variety of prescribed activities (e.g., problem solving activities, search activities, discussion activities, peer assessment activities), assessments, services and support facilities provided by teachers, trainers and other staff members.

A Unit of Learning includes a manifest, a learning design, resources, possible (sub-) manifests and physical files. An IMS content package is called a 'Unit of learning' if and only if it includes a valid IMS learning-design element in the organization part of the package's manifest.

IMS/LD


http://www.uddi.org/




Definition Source

Use Case A set of scenarios tied together by a common user goal. The simplest format for capturing a use case involves describing its primary scenario as a sequence of numbered steps and the alternatives as variation on that sequence.

http://www.uml.org/

UML

User A user is a person acting in (Internal User) or interacting (External Requestor or Provider) with the TELOS system.

LORNET/T6

User Model A representation of the state or mindset, of a user or agent obtained by tracing the interactions with the system and return data. See Actor Model

LORNET/T3

VVirtual Reality(Réalité virtuelle)

A synthetic, computer generated 3D immersive environment. Immersion can be accomplished by wearing a Head Mounted Display (HMD) and position trackers, which allow the computer to modify the output depending on your position. Most of your perception of the real world is blocked out while you are interacting with traditional VR. http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-VR.htm

The terms VR or desktop VR is also somtimes used instead of Web3D or i3d for non immersive Web3D technology.

LORNET/T5

VRML A scripting language developed by Silicon Graphics, Inc., which allows a programmer to render three-dimensional scenes in a Web browser.

LORNET/T5

WWatermarking Watermarking is a method to hide secret information in a

multimedia content in order to preserves intellectual property.

See “Glossary of Watermarking Terms” http://www.sarnoff.com/products_services/video_vision/digital_watermarking/glossary/glossary.asp?p=3&w=DRM

LORNET/T5

Webcasting The term "Webcasting" is used to describe the ability to use the Web to deliver live or delayed versions of sound or video broadcasts.

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213344,00.html




http://www.sarnoff.com/products_services/video_vision/digital_watermarking/glossary/glossary.asp?p=3&w=DRM

http://www.sarnoff.com/products_services/video_vision/digital_watermarking/glossary/glossary.asp?p=3&w=DRM

http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/glossary/bldef-web3d.htm

http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-VR.htm

http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/glossary/bldef-immersive.htm


http://www.uml.org/




Definition Source

Web Services Web services are declared using WSDL and accessed by a SOAP request.

Jakarta-WS

Workflow The defined series of tasks within an organization to produce a final outcome. Sophisticated workgroup computing applications allow you to define different workflows for different types of jobs. At each stage in the workflow, one individual or group is responsible for a specific task. Once the task is completed, the workflow software ensures that the individuals responsible for the next task are notified and receive the data they need to execute their stage of the process.

Webopedia

XXML Binding Each basic element of a specification is stored using an XML

schema. The process of mapping an element with such an XML hierarchy is called the “XML binding”.

XML Instance An XML Instance is a data structure, typically a file, which contains a series of XML statements. The IMS use XML control documents (DTDs and XSDs) to determine the validity of the structure and contents of the XML instance. An XML Binding is in effect a definition of the valid structure and contents of the corresponding XML instance.

XML Schema Definition (XSD)

XML Schema Definition (XSD) is the primary XML binding control document format of IMS). The XSD defines elements, their content models, and attributes. The XSD defines the element types and attribute groups separately from the elements. http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema

W3C

XQuery A protocol to query an XML database for specific pieces of information

XSLT (Extensible Style Language Transformation)

The language used in XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XSLT.html

Webopedia


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XSLT.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XML.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/style_sheet.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XSL.html

http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema




Definition Source

Y

ZZ39.50 Z39.50 refers to the International Standard, ISO/IEC 23950:

“Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification”, and to ANSI/NISO/IEC Z39.50. This standard specifies a client/server-based protocol for searching and retrieving information from remote databases. It is widely use in libraries.

ISO/IEC

Term Definition Source


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