Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary...

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775

An overview of tourism circuits” A Case study of Jammu region.”

Shahnawaz Chowdhary*

Abstract

A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist destinations are

located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time they are not

separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist who enters at

the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The objective of

having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the circuit on

the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the circuit.

The aim of the study is to highlight the identification of tourism circuit of Jammu region and their

potential and carrying capacity, Ministry of tourism is in processes of identifying tourism circuits

across all the state .These circuits are proposed to be developed during the 12th

plan (2012-2017), in an

integrated manner with Central Financial Assistance and appropriate involvement of State

Governments and private sector. For Phase I, the process has been completed with the selection of

existing/new tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been

structured considering the length, duration and connectivity. For Phase II, similar exercise has

undertaken and identification of the basic tourism related infrastructure and promotional needs of the

identified circuits, along with the tentative cost estimates. State Jammu and Kashmir is divided into

three different circuits which are listed below.

Circuit 1:- Yousmarg – Aharbal – Amalgam – Verinag – Kokernag – Kishtwar – Bhaderwah.

Circuit 2:- Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud

Mahadev – Patnitop.

Circuit 3:- Nyoma – Tangtse – Leh – Basgo – Hundar(Nubra)- Turtuk (Nubra) – Mangue –

Temigang – Khaltsi.

Key Words: - Circuit tourism, typified, carrying capacity

*Research Scholar, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Services School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management IGNOU, New Delhi



Introduction

The concept of tourism circuits was clearly outlined by Cullinan et al. (1977) in “Central America

Panama Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident

of a third country”.

Definition of a Circuit: A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist

destinations are located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time

they are not separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist

who enters at the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The

objective of having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the

circuit on the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the

circuit.

Literature review:-

According to the (Cullinan et al in 1977) He outlined the concept in “Central America Panama

Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident of a third

country”.

According the (MoT, 2008). Tourist circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist

destinations are located in different areas but within such distance that tourists can and would like to

cover them in a sequence.

According to the (Hotelmule.com, 2011). Tourism circuit involves visits to three are more than one

destination during a trip away from home.

Circuits can be developed either within a country (intra-border) or between two or more countries

(cross-border). Cross-border circuits could be based on various themes or on effective transport

connectivity (Sisodia, 2011). A few types of circuit development that can take place around a theme are

religious circuits, historical events circuits, tribal circuits, heritage circuits, art and crafts circuits,

wildlife tourism circuits etc.

Identification of tourist destinations and Circuits: - The destinations & circuits will be selected on

the basis of its tourism potential in consultation with the State Governments. The Destinations/ Circuits

to be taken up for development will be identified by the Ministry of Tourism at the beginning of each



year. A tourist circuit could be limited to a State or it could be a regional circuit covering more than a

State/UT. The identification of the project, the implementing agency, and the mode of channelization

of funds would be done in consultation with the State Govt. /UT Administration.

Aim and Objectives of the Study:-

a) To analyze the growth and pattern of circuit tourism around the state and at the national level (i.e.

Jammu & Kashmir, India).

b) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by Centre/State/Private sector.

c) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations

d) To explore the opportunities for Jammu & Kashmir to promote circuit tourism in cooperation

with the neighbouring state and countries like China and Pakistan.

e) To identify the constraints and challenges lying on the way to such initiatives.

f) Proposing strategies to ensure success in developing cross-border tourist circuits and

promoting circuit tourism.

Methodology of the Study:-

a) Secondary data has constructed the vital part of the paper. Data on the patterns and volume of

inter-state circuit tourism have been collected from different sources, i.e. articles, reports, books,

newspaper, internet documents etc. For the conceptual development of the paper, literature review

has constructed the necessary critical reasoning. Due to the non-empirical nature of the study,

collection of primary data of any sort has been kept out of consideration.

b) The conceptual framework of the study starts from the study about the phase –II tourist circuits in

Jammu region. The second part of the conceptual framework consists of analyse the potential and

carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations.

Approaches and Methodology used for identification of circuits:-

The detailed report of different approaches and methodology which is used during identification of

circuits is given as below in the form of diagrams.

Initial Screening of Tourist Circuits

Short Listing of Circuits

Secondary Research

Potential

Population

Connectivity

Discussion with Department of Tourism.

Representative of travel and Tourism

Industry and other stake holders.



Geographical Location &Tourism in Jammu & Kashmir:-

Lying in the northern most part of the country, the state covers an area of 2, 22,236 sq km and is the

sixth largest state in terms of area. It is surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in its south as well as

neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and China from west, north and east,

respectively. The state of Jammu and Kashmir comprises 22 districts, 82 Tehsils. According to

Census of India 2011, the state accommodates a population of 1.25 crore (12548926), registering a

population density of 124 persons per sq.km and sex ratio of 883.

Carrying Capacity Assessment

Identified Circuits along with Priority Circuits.

Detailed infrastructure Gap Assessment

Identification of prospective projects with Block cast estimation

FINAL REPORT

Parameters

Transportation road condition. Access to modes of

Transportation. Way side amenities. Management of Tourist

attraction.

Based on

Stake holder Consultation.

Reconnaissance Survey.



The tourism industry in the state plays vital role in the development of the regions of Jammu,

Kashmir and Ladakh. The state has been a place of religious activities and shrines having their own

religious values, which attract thousands of pilgrims every year. With the arrival of winter, the state

offers a multitude of options for winter sports activities.

Jammu as a tourist Circuits:-

Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud Mahadev – Patnitop This

circuit covers a distance of approximately 444 kms with Lakhanpur as an entry/exit point. The circuit is

well connected by road (NH-1D) and can be covered in duration of five days. A brief description of the

tourist circuit has been given below.



Lakhanpur: - Lakhanpur is popularly known as the gateway to the Indian state of Jammu and

Kashmir. The town is located in Kathua district and is about 90 kms south-east of Jammu. There are

many places of much historical importance in and around Lakhanpur which includes Bani & Basholi.

There are also many interesting tourist spots in the region.

Basoli: - Located 147 kms south-east of Jammu, Basoli is a tourist destination with natural scenic

beauty which is famous for its unique Pahari art. It represents the cultural heritage and traditional

legacy of the region.

Surinsar: - Surinsar is known for its natural beauty of the crystal water lake, bound on all sides by the

rising hills thick in forest cover. It is situated at a distance of 42 kms from Jammu and is well

connected by road.

Mansar:- Mansar is situated 62 kms away from Jammu and is well known for its natural beauty

fringed by forest-covered hills. Apart from being a picnic spot, Mansar Lake has significant religious

importance. Jammu: -Renowned as city of temples with attractive surroundings, Jammu is a

destination located at the foot hills of Himalayas and is the winter capital of the state. The city is

known for its ancient temples, imposing palaces and historically renowned places.



Katra:- Katra is a small town located 48 kms north of Jammu, at a height of approximately 750

meters. It is the gateway to the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi.

Shivkhori:- Shivkhori is located in Ransoo village which is about 140 kms from Jammu. It is a Hindu

cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva, where devotees flock in large number during peak season.

Shud Mahadev:- Shud Mahadev is situated about 120 kms from Jammu. It is believed to be 2800

years old. The temple of Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam, the Trident (Trishul) of

Lord Shiva and mace believed to be that of Bheema, one of the five legendary Pandava brothers.

Patnitop:- Patnitop located about 110 kms north-east of Jammu, is mainly famous for its many

adventure spots. There are options available for skiing, paragliding, golfing and trekking in Patnitop.

The water springs in the region are also a major tourist attraction.

Description of destinations in Jammu Circuit:-

City Tourist destination Description

Lakhanpur Bani This place serves as a base camp for the trekkers.

Basholi Beautiful town founded by Raja Bhupat Paul.

Basoli Dhar Mahanpur A new emerging tourist resort.

Surinsar Surinsar lake A beautiful lake with boating facilities.

Mansar Mansar lake

Jammu

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi

temple.

City’s mythological association with Mata Rani.

Bahu fort Fort was built by Raja Bahulochan; it’s a religious

place.

Amar Mahal, Amar palace built by a French architect and is built in

red sand stone.

Gadhadharji Temple The Gadhadharji Temple is one of the revered shrines

constructed during the reigns of Maharaja Gulab

Singh.

Dogra Art museum The very renowned Dogra Art Museum situated in the

Pink Hall of Jammu’s Mubarak Mandi complex.

Mubarak Mandi Palace This palace was the royal residence of the Maharaja of



complex Jammu and Kashmir from the Dogra Dynasty.

Baba Dhansar Temple A huge spring is emerging from the rocks which form

a number of small cascading waterfalls.

Jhajjar Kotli The crystal clear, cool waters of Jhajjar attract

picnickers in large number especially during summers.

Katra Katra It is a Small town and gateway to Vaishno Mata

Mandir.

Shivkhori Shivkhori A famous Hindu cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva.

Shud

Mahadev

Shud Mahadev Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam,

the Trident (Trishul) of Lord Shiva.

Patni Top Sanasar Paragliding, Camping, Trekking, Abseiling, Rock

Climbing etc.

Natha Top Nathatop is a Snow Coated Hills and is popular for

paragliding

Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism

Carrying Capacity Assessment:-

The analysis of carrying capacities and infrastructure gap assessment is presented in the Chart below

Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis of Jammu Circuit.

Tourist town Destination Covered Existing

Load

Carrying

Capacity

Available

Carrying

Capacity

Existing

Load

Carrying

Capacity

Available

Carrying

Capacity

2011 2021

Lakhanpur Bani 8462 8880 418 8866 8880 14

Basholi

Basoli Dhar Mahanpur 14535 16965 2430 16038 16965 927

Jammu Shri Mata Vashino

Devi

Temple

80383

9

128617

7

482337 100423

8

128617

7

281939

Bahu fort



Amar Mahal

Gadhadharji Temple

Dogra Art Mesuem

Mubarak Mandi Palace

complex

Baba Dhansar

Temple

Jhajjar Kotli

Katra Katra 16807 9990 -6817 19153 9990 -9163


As evident from the table above, Kathua shows the highest tourist Carrying Capacity. This can be

attributed to the fact that it has many religious spots and has a very good tourist infrastructure. Katra

on the other hand shows a deficit in carrying capacity owing to its insufficient infrastructure. In all, all

the destinations in the circuit will have to keep up with growth in the tourist inflow.

Existing Infrastructure Gaps:-

Lakhanpur Basoli Jammu Katra

Exixting Load-2011 8462 14535 803839 16807

Carrying Capacity-2011 8880 16965 1286177 9990

Available Capacity-2011 418 2430 482337 -6817

Exixting Load-2021 8866 16038 1004238 19153

Carrying Capacity-2021 8880 16965 1286177 9990

Available Capacity-2021 14 927 2881939 -9163

-5000000

500000100000015000002000000250000030000003500000

Tou

rist

Car

ryin

g C

apac

ity

in

Lakh

s

Town wise Carrying Capacity of Circuit-2



Lakhanpur

Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination.

Parking needed at destinations in near future.

Better Solid Waste Management needed.

Basohli

Up gradation of approach road needed.

Basohli art needs to be promoted better.

Necessary accommodation and basic utilities at destination.

Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination.

Surinsar

The lake needs revitalization.

Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment.

Lakefront can be better developed.

Mansar

Parking is needed.

The lake needs revitalization.


Lakefront can be better developed.

Jammu

Upgradation of temples needed.

Directional and Information Signages need to be provided.

Better tourist products needed to cater to the existing flow and enhance their stay.

Katra

Overall management efforts needed.

Solid waste management is a concern.

Better accommodation facilities needed.

Better organised camel safaris needed.

Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists.

Shivkhori



Approach road.

Better accommodation facilities needed at Ransoo.

Overall management efforts needed.

Solid waste management is a concern.

Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists.

Sudhamahadev

Better Accommodation needs to be provided.

Better arrangements need to be put in place for the Sudhamahadev Mela.

Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourist.

Patnitop

Further Upgradation and promotion of adventure and winter sports needed.


Estimated Employment Generation:- The proposed investments at the tourist destinations and the circuits are expected to generate

employment the figures of which have been estimated on a district level because of the direct and indirect

nature of employment generation from these investments. To estimate the number of employment generated an

investment multiplier of 78 jobs per million investments is taken.

Place Investments Proposed (INR Cr) Estimated Employment

Generation (persons) Lakhanpur 19.2 14976

Basohli 45.93 35825

Surinsar 40.03 31223

Mansar 40 31200

Jammu 130.32 101650

Katra 65.2 50856

Shivkhori 21.3 16614

Sudhamahadev 39.9 31122

Patnitop 38.31 29882

Total Total 343348




Part –A (Destination wise break up of investment)

The above graph shows that Jammu receiving highest investment 130.32 and another hand Lakhanpur

is having lowest in share of investment.

Part –B (Destination wise break up of estimated employment generation in persons)

As evident from the table above, Jammu shows top in estimated employment generation in persons the total no

of expected employment beneficiary persons are 101650, those who get direct and indirect nature of

19.2

45.93 40.03 40

130.32

65.2

21.3

39.9 38.31

Investments Proposed (In Cr)

Investments Proposed (INR Cr)

14976

35825 31223 31200

101650

50856

16614

31122 29882

Estimated Employment Generation (persons)

Estimated Employment Generation (persons)



employment generation from these investments given in Part –A (Destination wise break up of

investment)

Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding

Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding for Circuit 2

S.NO Project Indicative Cost

(In Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode f funding Existing

Schemes

Lakhanpur

Information Centre 0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC

Drinking water 0.1 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC

Public Convenience 0.15 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC

Parking 30 cars 0.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC

Solid Waste

Management

0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC

Directional and

Information Signages


Cultural Centre with

performances,

amphitheatre

6 Lakhanpur -

Sarthal

Development

Authority

(LDA)

PPP PIDDC

Water and Adventure

Park

12 LSDA PPP PIDDC


(In Cr.)

Implementing Agency Mode funding Existing Schemes

Basohli

Museum and art

gallery for

Basohli painting

5 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC

Information

Centre


Drinking water 0.1 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC

Public

Convenience

0.15 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC

Parking 30 cars 0.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC

Solid Waste

Management




Directional and

Information

Signages



(in Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode funding Existing Schemes

Mansar

Lake

Revitalization

10 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Edge treatment

with walkways,

street lights and

shaded resting

places with SWM

5 SMDA Public PIDDC

Boating and allied

adventure sports


Site Up gradation

and Beautification

3 SMDA Public PIDDC

Camping and

Picnic spots

1 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Houseboats(4 nos) 4.83 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Solid Waste

Management

0.1 SMDA Public PIDDC

Directional and

Information

Signages


Floating

barricades to

protect migratory

birds

0.75 SMDA Public PIDDC

Star category Huts

(10 nos)

8.85 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Budget

accommodation

(10 rooms, 2

dormitories)

2.90 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Lake

Revitalization

10 SMDA PPP PIDDC

Edge treatment

with walkways,

street lights and

shaded resting

places with SWM

5 SMDA Public PIDDC

Boating and allied

adventure sports


Site Up gradation

and Beautification

3 SMDA Public PIDDC


(in Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode funding Existing Schemes



Jammu star Hotel (50

rooms)

52.34 Jammu

Development

Authority (JDA)

PPP PIDDC

Budget

accommodation

(50 rooms, 10

dormitories)

12.5 JDA PPP PIDDC

Tawi Riverfront

Development

20 JDA PPP PIDDC

Directional and

Information

Signages


Water and

Adventure Park

20 JDA PPP PIDDC


Conclusion

Tourism promotion can be compared to selling dreams. To sell dreams to tourists, they must be

beautiful and believable. In promoting circuit tourism in Jammu region, the challenge to face is to

ensure that all the destinations spread across the region are equally successful in the three key

destination services characteristics: quality, consistency, and integrity. To ensure that these

characteristics are maintained, an intense and continuous cooperation and effort are needed among

the sub-destinations at the regional levels. The opportunities to promote circuit tourism in Jammu

region are quite evident. What is lacking, however, is consistent commitment, in terms of action on

the ground, to transform the need and will into solid action.

Given the premise above, it is the responsibility of both the public and private sectors to come

forward in developing Regional Tourism Promotion for Jammu tourism industry to move few steps

forward thus contributing significantly to the state economy, reduction of unemployment and

bringing manifold good to the society.

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