EE 6332, Spring, 2017

Wireless Telecommunication Systems

Zhu Han

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Class 1

Jan. 18th, 2017

                                                           

                                                           

OutlineOutline

Instructor information Motivation to study wireless communications and networks Course descriptions and textbooks What you will study from this course

Objectives Coverage and schedule Homework, projects, and exams

Other policies Reasons to be my students Introduction to wireless networks

                                                           

Instructor InformationInstructor Information

Office location: Engineering Building II W302 Office hours: Mon. 9am - 12pm, or by appointment Email: zhan2@uh.edu hanzhu22@gmail.com Phone: 713-743-4437(o) /301-996-2011(c) Course website:

http://www2.egr.uh.edu/~zhan2/ECE6332

TA: ??? Research interests:

Wireless Networking, Signal Processing and Security

http://wireless.egr.uh.edu/

                                                           

MotivationsMotivations

Recent Development– Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game,

– WIFI everywhere

– WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for business

– UWB, no cables

– Bluetooth, small devices connections

Job Market – Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently

– Many companies in town or Dallas/Austin

Research Potential – One-to-one communication has less room to go, but multiuser

communication is still an open issue.

                                                           

Course ObjectiveCourse Objective

Past decade has seen a surge of research activities in the field of wireless communication.

Emerging from this research thrust are new points of view on how to communicate effectively over wireless channels.

The goal of this course is to study in a unified way the fundamentals as well as the new research developments.

The concepts are illustrated using examples from several modern wireless systems (GSM, IS-95, CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO, Flarion's Flash OFDM, ArrayComm systems.)

                                                           

Course DescriptionsCourse Descriptions

What is the wireless communication system? What are the wireless channels? What are the theorems? What are the major components and techniques? How is the information transmitted? What are the current industrial standards? What are the state-of-art research? Can I find a job by studying this course? Can I find research topics?

                                                           

Textbook and SoftwareTextbook and Software Require textbook:

Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communication. Cambridge Univ. Press 2005.

Optional testbook

David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2005

Require Software: MATLAB; Recommended readings

Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and

Estimation Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding Computer Networks: A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks

                                                           

ScheduleSchedule

1. Overview2. Wireless Channel3. Capacity (important, black board)4. Digital Modulation5. Coding (important black board)6. Adaptive modulation and coding7. Diversity and MIMO8. Equalization9. OFDM10. CDMA11. Wireless Networking

Slides and black boardFor unimportant chapters, might not fully follow the book.

                                                           

Homework, Project, and ExamHomework, Project, and Exam

Homework 3~4 sets Rules: 50% off if late. 0% is 2 week late

Exams Two exams

Team Project 2~3 people, related topics, presentation, and term paper Schedule next week

Participations Attendance and Feedback Invited Talks for 2 missing class due to conference

• Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams

                                                           

Teaching StylesTeaching Styles

black board plus Slides Slides can convey more information in an organized way Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming. A lesson from last semester: math

Course Website Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come Homework assignment and solutions Project descriptions and preliminary codes

Feedback Too fast, too slow, small class advantages. Presentation, English, …

                                                           

Other PoliciesOther Policies

Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders can be sanctioned accordingly.• CHEATING• COPYING ON A TEST• PLAGIARISM • ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING • UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION • SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK • TAMPERING WITH WORK • GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION • ALTERING EXAMS• COMPUTER THEFT

                                                           

Reasons to be my studentsReasons to be my students

Wireless Communication and Networking have great market Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight Highly interdisciplinary Do not need to find research topics which are the most

difficult part. Research Assistant, Stipend Free trips to conferences in China, Hawaii, Europe, Australia,

South Africa, Miami… A kind of nice (at least looks like) Work with hope and happiness Graduate fast

                                                           

Questions? Chapter 1 IntroductionQuestions? Chapter 1 Introduction

                                                           

History of TelecommunicationHistory of Telecommunication Prehistoric: Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals

6th century BC: Mail

5th century BC: Pigeon post

4th century BC: Hydraulic semaphores

490 BC: Heliographs

15th century AD: Maritime flags

1790 AD: Semaphore lines

19th century AD: Signal lamps

                                                           

History of TelecommunicationHistory of Telecommunication Audio signals:

– Prehistoric: Communication drums, Horns

– 1838 AD: Electrical telegraph. See: Telegraph history.

– 1876: Telephone. See: Invention of the telephone, History of the telephone, Timeline of the telephone

– 1880: Photophone

– 1896: Radio. See: History of radio.

Advanced electrical/electronic signals:– 1927: Television. See: History of television

– 1930: Videophone

– 1964: Fiber optical telecommunications

– 1969: Computer networking

– 1981: Analog cellular mobile phones

– 1982: SMTP email

– 1983: Internet. See: History of Internet

– 1998: Satellite phones

                                                           

At HomeAt Home

WiFi

WiFi

WiFi

cellular

bluetooth

UWB

satellite

WiFi 802.11g/n

                                                           

At HomeAt Home

Source: http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/science/wireless_interactives.htm

                                                           

At Home: Last-MileAt Home: Last-Mile

Many users still don’t have broadband– reasons: out of service area;

some consider expensive

Broadband speed is still limited– DSL: 1-6 Mbps download,

and 100-768Kbps upload– Cable modem: depends on

your neighbors– Insufficient for several

applications (e.g., high-quality video streaming)

                                                           

On the MoveOn the Move

Source: http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/

                                                           

On the Move: Context-AwareOn the Move: Context-Aware

Source: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/sensay_iswc.pdf

                                                           

ad ho

cGSM/UMTS, cdmaOne/cdma2000,WLAN, GPSDAB, TETRA, ...

road condition, weather,location-based services,emergency

On the RoadOn the Road

                                                           

Example: IntelliDrive (Vehicle Example: IntelliDrive (Vehicle Infrastructure Integration) Infrastructure Integration)

Traffic crashes resulted in more than 41,000 lives lost in 2007

Establishing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-hand-held-devices (V2D) communications – safety: e.g., intersection collision

avoidance/violation warning/turn conflict warning, curve warning

– mobility: e.g., crash data, weather/road surface data, construction zones, emergency vehicle signal pre-emption

More info: http://www.its.dot.gov/intellidrive/index.htm

                                                           

Collision Avoidance : V2V NetworksCollision Avoidance : V2V Networks

stalled vehicle warning

http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/safety/news_issues/releases/sixthsense_102405.html

bland spots

                                                           

Collision Avoidance at IntersectionsCollision Avoidance at Intersections

Two million accidents at intersections per year in US

Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-intercollision.pdf

                                                           

UMTS,DECT2 Mbit/s

UMTS Rel. 6400 kbit/s

LAN100 Mbit/s,WLAN54 Mbit/s

UMTS Rel. 5400 kbit/s

GSM 115 kbit/s,WLAN 11 Mbit/s

GSM 53 kbit/sBluetooth 500 kbit/s

GSM/EDGE 135 kbit/s,WLAN 780 kbit/s

LAN, WLAN780 kbit/s

Mobile and Mobile and WWireless ireless SServices – Always ervices – Always Best ConnectedBest Connected

                                                           

26

Disaster Recovery/MilitaryDisaster Recovery/Military

9/11, Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, South Asian earthquake …

Wireless communication andmobile computing capabilitycan make a difference between life and death !– rapid deployment– efficient resource and energy usage– flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast– resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environments

http://www.att.com/ndr/

                                                           

Habitat Monitoring: Example on Great Duck Island

Patch Network

Transit Network

Basestation

Gateway

A 15-minute human visit leads to 20% offspring mortality

                                                           

Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Wireless CoverageWireless Coverage

Asymmetry vs. PowerReception v. Distance

*Cerpa, Busek et. al

What Robert Poor (Ember) calls “The good, the bad and the ugly”

Wireless links are not reliable: they may vary over time and space

                                                           

Challenge 2: Open Wireless MediumChallenge 2: Open Wireless Medium Wireless interference

Hidden terminals and

Exposed terminal

Wireless security– eavesdropping, denial of service, …

S1

S2

R1

R1

S1 R1 R2

R1 S1 S2 R2

                                                           

Challenge 3: MobilityChallenge 3: Mobility

Mobility causes poor-quality wireless links

Mobility causes intermittent connection– under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP,

applications all break

Mobility changes context, e.g., location

                                                           

Challenge 4: PortabilityChallenge 4: Portability

Limited battery power

Limited processing, display and storage

Sensors,embeddedcontrollers

Mobile phones• voice, data• simple graphical displays• GSM/3G

PDA phone• data• simpler graphical displays• 802.11/3G

Laptop• fully functional• standard applications• battery; 802.11

PPerformanceerformance/Weight/Power Consumption/Weight/Power Consumption

                                                           

Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Multiple Communication StandardsMultiple Communication Standards

cellular phones satellites wireless LAN

cordlessphones

1992:GSM

1994:DCS 1800

2001:IMT-2000

1987:CT1+

1982:Inmarsat-

A

1992:Inmarsat-BInmarsat-M

1998:Iridium

1989:CT 21991:DECT 199x:

proprietary

1997:IEEE 802.11

1999:802.11b, Bluetooth

1988:Inmarsat-

C

analogue

digital

1991:D-AMPS

1991:CDMA

1981:NMT 450

1986:NMT 900

1980:

CT01984

:CT1

1983:AMPS

1993:PDC

2000:GPRS

2000:IEEE 802.11a

Fourth Generation(Internet based)

                                                           

Wireless TechnologiesWireless Technologies

PAN(Personal Area

Network)

LAN(Local Area Network)

WAN(Wide Area Network)

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

PAN LAN MAN WAN

Standards Bluetooth/UWB802.15.3

802.11802.11802.16802.20

GSM, CDMA, Satellite

Speed Bluetooth < 1 Mbps UWB <480Mbps

b: 11 to g: 54 Mbps 10-100+ Mbps 10 Kbps–2 Mbps

Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long

Applications Peer-to-PeerDevice-to-Device

Enterprise Networks

Last Mile AccessMobile Data

Devices

                                                           

Evolution of Mobile Systems to 4GEvolution of Mobile Systems to 4G

                                                           

Mobile StationMobile Station

MP3, GPS, vending machine UMPC

                                                           

Base StationBase Station

Cheaper, denser, smaller

                                                           

WMAN/WiMax StructureWMAN/WiMax Structure Replace cable or low speed fiber in the last mile

                                                           

Comparison of 802.11 StandardsComparison of 802.11 Standards g is back compatible with b. but b is supported by Intel

CDMA vs. OFDM

Free WIFI in SF

Contention based multiple access

802.11AC

                                                           

Personal Area NetworksPersonal Area Networks 802.15: 4m-10m

– Master-slave piconets

– Capable of connecting a mix of multiple piconets into “scatternet”

– Service discovery protocol allows invisible interaction of various “trusted” devices

– Less susceptible to interference

                                                           

BluetoothBluetooth Wireless PAN 2.4GHz band with 1Mbps speed Spread spectrum frequency-hopping “always on” user-transparent cable-replacement Combination of packet-switching & circuit-switching (good for

data & voice) 3 voice channels - 64Kbps each Low power, low cost Transparently connects “office” devices

– Laptop, Desktop, PDA, Phone, printer

Bridging capability: network-pda-phone Zigbee: low power devices

                                                           

Ultra Wide BandUltra Wide Band High speed at short range:

– 480 Mb/s at ~3m. Does not penetrate walls

Bandwidth

>500MHz

Very low power

density

Wireless USB

HDTV connection

CDMA vs. OFDM

                                                           

ComparisonComparison Speed and Range

                                                           

Ad Hoc NetworkAd Hoc Network Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

– An autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.

– Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time.

– The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the nodes themselves. MANETs need efficient distributed algorithms to determine network organization, link scheduling, and routing.

– The set of applications for MANETs is heterogeneous, ranging from small, static networks that are constrained by power sources, to large-scale, mobile, highly dynamic networks

– In a military environment, preservation of security, latency, reliability, intentional jamming, and recovery from failure are significant concerns

                                                           

MANET ExamplesMANET Examples Ad hoc mode of WIFI

Military

Infrastructure-less

                                                           

Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks

                                                           

Cognitive RadioCognitive Radio Software radio

– Can change modulation

carrier frequency to

different service

providers

Cognitive radio

with cognitive

ability

                                                           

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Medium

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Data Link

Physical

Network Network

Radio

Often we need to implement a function across multiple layers.

The Layered RThe Layered Reference eference ModelModel

                                                           

GPS OrbitsGPS Orbits

                                                           

GPS PositionGPS Position

By knowing how far one is from three satellites one can ideally find their 3D coordinates

To correct for clock errors one needs to receive four satellites

Differential GPS: local FM

                                                           

Type of wavesType of waves

                                                           

Radio Frequency BandsRadio Frequency Bands

Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics

Extremely low ELF < 300 Hz

Ground waveInfra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz

Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz

Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz

Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave

High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave

Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz

Space waveUltra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz

Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz

Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz

Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz

                                                           

Satellite CommunicationsSatellite Communications Large communication area. Any

two places within the coverage of radio transmission by satellite can communicate with each other.  

Seldom effected by land disaster ( high reliability)

Circuit can be started upon establishing earth station (prompt circuit starting)

Can be received at many places simultaneously, and realize broadcast, multi-access communication economically( feature of multi-access)

Very flexible circuit installment , can disperse over-centralized traffic at any time.

One channel can be used in different directions or areas (multi-access connecting).

                                                           

Rain AttenuationRain Attenuation

                                                           

Channel, Bandwidth, SpectrumChannel, Bandwidth, Spectrum Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf