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EE EE-404 404 - Analog Communication Analog Communication Systems Systems Fall 2012 Fall 2012 Dr Dr Adnan Adnan Ahmed Khan Ahmed Khan Fall 2012 Fall 2012 – Dr . Dr . Adnan Adnan Ahmed Khan Ahmed Khan Introduction Introduction September, 2012
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Page 1: EE404ACS - Introduction

EEEE--404 404 -- Analog Communication Analog Communication SystemsSystemsyy

Fall 2012Fall 2012 Dr Dr AdnanAdnan Ahmed KhanAhmed KhanFall 2012Fall 2012 –– Dr. Dr. AdnanAdnan Ahmed KhanAhmed Khan

IntroductionIntroductionSeptember, 2012

Page 2: EE404ACS - Introduction

Course Instructor Course Instructor –– Dr. Dr. AdnanAdnanAhmed KhanAhmed Khan

Telecommunications Engineer in 1993 College Of Signals

R i d MS & PhD i C p E i i f h C f Ad d S di i Received MS & PhD in Computer Engineering from the Centre of Advanced Studies in Engineering (CASE) (UET Taxila)

Couple of year experience in teaching, implementing and research in Communication SystemsSystems

Developed a Satellite Communications lab at College.

Involved in two funded projects for MIMO-SDR test-bed development and SUPARCO S d S lli PStudent Satellite Program

Research interests include Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) wireless communications systems, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Software Defined Radios (SDR) MIMO SDR development Multiple Access (CDMA), Software Defined Radios (SDR), MIMO-SDR development, Satellite Communication systems, etc

More than 30 publications in International forums

C d kh @ d kContact : [email protected]

College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems 2

Page 3: EE404ACS - Introduction

Course IntroductionCourse IntroductionCourse IntroductionCourse IntroductionThis is a basic undergraduate course intended to d l i i h i h f d l i i l develop an insight into the fundamental principles of analog communication theory After taking this course you will be able After taking this course you will be able ◦ To design modern analog communication systems in

MatlabT d d h k d ff l d h d ◦ To understand the key tradeoffs involved in the design of analog communication systems

Pre-requisites: q◦ Signals and Systems◦ Probability Theory ◦ Basic Knowhow of Matlab

College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems 3

Page 4: EE404ACS - Introduction

Course Logistics Course Logistics Course Logistics Course Logistics

Join Group: EE404 [email protected] Group: [email protected] material will be available on course group

◦ Lecture slides◦ Lecture slides◦ Labs related stuff◦ Assignments and quizzes◦ Assignments and quizzes◦ Marks sheet

L bLabs

4College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

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Text BooksText BooksText BooksText BooksMichael P. Fitz, “Fundamentals f C i i S ”

John G. Proakis and MasoudS l hi “F d l f of Communications Systems”

1st Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, June 27, 2007

Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems” 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, J , ,2005

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Reference BooksReference BooksReference BooksReference BooksB. P. Lathi, “Modern Analog and DigitalC i i S ” 3 d Edi i O f dCommunication Systems” 3rd Edition, OxfordUniversity Press, 2004Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems.” 4th edition,Simon Haykin, Communication Systems. 4th edition,Wiley, May 15, 2000

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Course LabsCourse LabsCourse LabsCourse Labs

Labs are very important part of this y p pcourseYou will implement in Matlab the ou w p e e t at ab t e concepts that you learn in theory classesYou have to complete a Matlab based You have to complete a Matlab based Project

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Tentative Course Outline Tentative Course Outline Duration Topic Book

Chapters

Introduction to Communication Systems Fitz chap 1

1st one third of the semester

Review of Signals and Systems Fitz chap 2,

Baseband Representation of Bandpass Signals Fitz chap 4

Fundamentals of Analog Communications Fitz chap 5

Linear Amplitude Modulation (AM) Systems Fitz chap 6

2nd one Affine and Quadrature AM Systems Fitz chap 6

Angle Modulation Systems Fitz chap 7third of the semester

Angle Modulation Systems Fitz chap 7

PLL Based Angle Demodulators Fitz chap 8

Multiplexing Analog Signals Fitz chap 8

R d P B i C t P ki h 5

Last one third of the semester

Random Processes : Basic Concepts Proakis chap 5

Additive White Gaussian Noise Proakis chap 5

Performance of communication systems with AWGN Proakis chap 6

Optional Topics

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Grading Policy (3+.5 Credit Hours)Grading Policy (3+.5 Credit Hours)Grading Policy (3 .5 Credit Hours)Grading Policy (3 .5 Credit Hours)

Assignments (Approx 4) 10%ss g e ts ( pp o )

Quizes (Approx 6) 10%

OHT’s• OHT‐1 : 15 Oct ‐ 20 Oct• OHT ‐2 : 26 Nov – 30 Nov

15% each = 30 %OHT  2 : 26 Nov 30 Nov

Final Exam• 7 Jan  ‐ 12 Jan

50%

Labs

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Few things to rememberFew things to rememberggTry to develop the habit of reading from book

Assignments must be submitted at the start, no late ss g e ts ust be sub tte at t e sta t, o ate submissions

In case of copied assignment both parties will be given zerop g p g

Persistent copiers will be reported to concerned for disciplinary actionp y

You can get good grade if you can solve your assignments yourself

Be attentive in Class – No cross talks and non serious attitude if you are looking for a good grade

Be current on group for updates, etc10College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Page 12: EE404ACS - Introduction

Why Study Communications?Why Study Communications?Why Study Communications?Why Study Communications?What is communication?◦ Transportation of information from one point to another

Communication systems are everywhere around youExamplesExamples◦ Mobile phones

◦ Broadcast Radio

◦ Television

◦ World Wide Web

◦ Compact or Video Disk or recording and playing systemsp g p y g y

◦ Satellite Systems

There is no need to motivate about the utility of communication technologycommunication technology

12College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 13: EE404ACS - Introduction

Historical PerspectivesHistorical PerspectivesHistorical PerspectivesHistorical PerspectivesThe aim is the transportation of information using electricity or magnetismHumans have needed communications since prehistoric times prehistoric times This field was born in mid-1800s with the Telegraph Invention of telephone in 1870s resulted in more Invention of telephone in 1870s resulted in more focus on analog communicationsFirst World War led to great advances in wireless communication technologyTelevision and radio broadcast soon followed

13College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 14: EE404ACS - Introduction

Historical Historical Perspectives ContdPerspectives ContdHistorical Historical Perspectives Contd.Perspectives Contd.A technology boost was given during the WW2 in wireless

i ticommunicationsThe Cold War led to rapid advances in satellite communications as the race for space gripped the world’s major technology innovation centersThe invention of the semiconductor transistor and the impact of Moore’s law have spurred the march of innovation impact of Moore s law have spurred the march of innovation since the early 1980sEver increasing computational power made it possible to has enabled algorithms that were considered preposterous at enabled algorithms, that were considered preposterous at their formulation, to see cost-effective implementation

14College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 15: EE404ACS - Introduction

Phenomenal Growth RatePhenomenal Growth RatePhenomenal Growth RatePhenomenal Growth RateTransatlantic transmission of information using undersea cablesundersea cablesThis system has gone from roughly 10 bits/s in 1866 to roughly 1 Tera (1012) bits/s in the year 2000Th ld h i h t i d f ti The world has gone in a very short period of time from accepting message delivery delays of weeks down to secondsThi i d f 1850 2000 fill d ith This period from 1850–2000 was one filled with remarkable advances in technologyThere were intellectual property disputes from the

l h il d itelegraph up until modern timesBut the tide of human innovation seems to be ever rising in spite of who gets credit for all the advances

15College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 16: EE404ACS - Introduction

Engineering Perspectives Engineering Perspectives Engineering Perspectives Engineering Perspectives As technology has advanced, the job of an engineer has become multifaceted and specialized over timemultifaceted and specialized over time.

Two areas of specialization ◦ The devices engineer

◦ The systems engineer

The devices engineer is focused on designing technology to complete certain tasks

Systems engineers try to put devices together in a way that will work as a system to achieve an overall goal

This course is about systems engineering perspective.y g g p p

This systems level perspective is very useful for education because technology will change greatly during an engineer’s career, but the theory will be reasonably stabley y

16College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

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Three Important Goals Three Important Goals Three Important Goals Three Important Goals Demonstrating that the mathematical tools

h l d f f l i you have learned so far are useful in engineering practice.Showing that with modern integrated Showing that with modern integrated circuits the theory is directly reflected in engineering practice.D t ili h i i t d ff i Detailing how engineering trade-offs in a communication system are ever evolving and these trade-offs involve ◦ Fidelity of message reconstruction◦ Bandwidth efficiency, and

C l it f th i l t ti◦ Complexity of the implementation.

17College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 18: EE404ACS - Introduction

You will also learnYou will also learnYou will also learnYou will also learnA historical perspective on the hard work that h l d h f h has led to the current state of the art.A sense of how fundamental engineering tools have real impact on system designhave real impact on system designA realization that fundamental engineering tools have changed little even as the technology to implement designs has evolved at a withering pace.An understanding that communications An understanding that communications engineering is a growing and evolving entity and that continued education will be an important

f i i ipart of a career as a communication engineer.

18College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 19: EE404ACS - Introduction

Modern Communication System Modern Communication System EngineeringEngineering

Modern communication systems are very complex and one engineer can’t be an expert in all of the areasand one engineer can t be an expert in all of the areasThe initial communication systems were very simple and engineering expertise were common A t t t d t t hi ti t d As systems started to get more sophisticated, a bifurcation of the needed expertise to address problems became apparent. Thi l d t th f “L d A hit t ”This lead us to the famous “Layered Architectures”◦ OSI ModelThis concept of a layered architecture has allowed

f communications to take great advantage of prior advances and leap-frog technology along at a phenomenal pace

19College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 20: EE404ACS - Introduction

The OSI Reference ModelThe OSI Reference ModelThe OSI Reference ModelThe OSI Reference Model

20College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 21: EE404ACS - Introduction

Physical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical LayerPhysical LayerThis text is entirely focused on what is known as physical layer communications.It refers to the direct transfer of physical

i ti h lmessages over a communications channelExamples of channels include copper wire pairs (telephony) coaxial cables radio pairs (telephony), coaxial cables, radio channels (mobile telephony) or optical fibersWhat do mean by WiFi ?What do mean by WiFi ?◦ It is actually an acronym for WiPhy: Wireless

Physical Layer

21College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 22: EE404ACS - Introduction

Physical Layer ModelPhysical Layer ModelPhysical Layer ModelPhysical Layer Model

22

Page 23: EE404ACS - Introduction

Physical Physical Layer is DifferentLayer is DifferentPhysical Physical Layer is DifferentLayer is DifferentThe engineering tools, the technology, and design paradigms are significantly different at the physical layer than other layersC tl t i i ti Consequently, systems engineering expertise in practice tends to have the greatest divide at the boundary to the physical layer.at the boundary to the physical layer.To reflect this abstraction we shall focus on point-to-point communicationsp pYou will study other layers in computer networks and switching systems etc

23College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 24: EE404ACS - Introduction

Technology’s ImpactTechnology’s ImpactTechnology s ImpactTechnology s ImpactThis course will be heavily influenced by relatively recent trends:

Ad d i i h fi di ili i i◦ Advanced communication theory finding utility in practice

◦ Processing power increasing at a rate predicted by Moore’s law

The gap between theory and practice is getting reduced with time

Sophisticated communication theory being directly put into practice◦ Wireless digital communications

◦ High-speed cable communications

As engineers we should truly feel lucky to live in a time when theory and practice are linked so closelyy p y

Because of this reason prominent communication theorists have also been very successful entrepreneurs◦ Andrew Viterbi and Irwin Jacobs◦ Andrew Viterbi and Irwin Jacobs

24College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 25: EE404ACS - Introduction

Technology’s Technology’s Impact ContdImpact ContdTechnology s Technology s Impact Contd.Impact Contd.Theory is migrating to practice so quickly because of th id d f b b d i the rapid advance of baseband processing power. A great paradigm shift occurred in the industry when Qualcomm started the design of IS-95gIt was a cellular system that was too complicated for the current technologyBut they knew that Moore’s law would soon enable But they knew that Moore s law would soon enable the design to be implemented in a cost-effective fashionThis shift in the design philosophy has opened ways for future engineers to explore ways to better utilize this ever increasingly cost-efficient processing power. g y p g p

25College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems

Page 26: EE404ACS - Introduction

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

26College of Signals - NUST Communication Systems


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