EED3613 March 2011 Wuest15 Pwrpt Ch 03

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Role in Society and Education

Chapter 3



Role in Society and Education What are the implications of changing U.S.

demographics for physical education, exercise

science, and sport (PEEXSPT)? What is the role of PEEXSPT professionals in

the promotion of health and wellness?

How can PEEXSPT professionals promote a

physically active lifestyle for people of all ages? What is the emphasis of the current educational

reform movement and what are theimplications for PEEXSPT?



Changing

Demographics

Life expectancy is at an all time high:

Public health initiatives Advances in medical science

Improvements in standards of living

Population is becoming older In 2000, 2% of population was 85 or older, by

2050, 5% of population will be 85 or older.

By 2030, one in five will be over the age of 65.



Changing Demographics

Society is becoming increasingdiverse. By 2010 ethnic and racial minorities will

account for 32% of the population comparedto 20% in 1980.

Poverty impacts on health and well-being. In 2003 12.5% of the population lived below

the poverty level



Cultural Competence a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and

policies that come together in a system,

agency, or among professionals that enableseffective work in cross-cultural situations.

Culture: integrated patterns of human behavior that includethe language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs,

values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or socialgroups.

Competence: having the capacity to function effectively as anindividual and an organization within the context of culturalbeliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by consumers and

their communities.



Achieving Cultural Competence

...an on-going developmental process of

personal reflection and growth. Reflect on your own cultural heritage, beliefs and

biases.

Understand how power, privilege, oppression,discrimination, and stereotypes influenceopportunities for different cultural groups.

Gain knowledge of other cultures.

Show respect and compassion for culturaldifferences.



Achieving Cultural Competence Office of Minority Health produced

guidelines for culturally competent healthcare: 14 standards for culturally andlinguistically appropriate services (CLAS). health organizations should ensure that patients

receive from all staff members, effective,understandable, and respectful care that is providedin a manner compatible with their cultural beliefs,practices, and preferred language.



Wellness Movement

Changes in the leading cause of death frominfectious diseases to chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases account for 7 out of 10 deaths and 75% of medical costs each year.

Role of behavioral risk factors in disease andearly mortality. Cardiovascular disease is our nations #1 cause of death,

followed by cancer.

Estimated 60% of adults are overweight or obese.

Physical inactivity, poor diet, and being overweight contribute toat least 1/3 of all cancers.



Health defined...

World Health Organization defines healthas a state of complete physical, mental,and social well-being and not merely theabsence of disease and infirmity.

Incorporates the physical, mental, and

social aspects of health.



Wellness defined ...

state of optimal health and well-being.

living life to the fullest and maximizingones potential as a whole person.

5 components - physical, emotional,social, intellectual, and spiritual.

personal responsibility.

impact of heredity and social context.



National Health Reports

Healthy People (1979) Reduce premature deaths and preserve independence for older

adults. Objectives for the Nation (1980)

226 public health objectives to be reached by 1990.

Healthy People 2000 (1990) Increase healthy lifespan, reduce health disparities among

populations groups, and provide access to health services

Healthy People 2010 Increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health

disparities.



Healthy People 2010

A blueprint for improving the health of

individuals and the health status of thenation.

Two main goals with 28 focus areas, and467 specific objectives:

Increase quality and years of healthy life

Eliminate health disparities



Healthy People 2010 10 leading health indicators help individuals,

institutions, and communities plan actions to

improve health and provide a way to measureprogress

�Physical Activity

�Overweight and Obesity

�Tobacco Use

�Substance Abuse

�Responsible Sexual Behavior

�Mental Health

�Injury and Violence

�Environmental Quality

�Immunization

�Access to Health Care



Benefits of Regular Physical

Activity (PA) Helps maintain functional independence of

elderly

Prevents disease Assists in the management of many diseases

Enhances the quality of life for ALL

Reduces medical costs

Increases productivity and decreasesabsenteeism at work and school

and many more



Wellness Movement & PEEXSPT

Provides skills, knowledge, and values forphysically active lifestyle.

School PE programs: reach over 50 million children each year.

provide the foundation for participation in

physical activity throughout ones lifespan. School worksite health promotion

programs can reach over 5 million adults.

Use of school as a community center



PEs Contribution to

Healthy People 2010 Provides a means to discuss how the use of

tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse are deterrentsto fitness.

Reinforce nutritional concepts and impact of nutrition on performance.

Teaches stress reduction techniques or how

physical activity can alleviate stress. Water safety instruction can help reduce the

number of drownings, an objective of HealthyPeople 2010.



Healthy People 2010 & PA Increase adult &

adolescent engagement in

leisure time PA and dailymoderate and vigorous PA

Increase adult &adolescent engagement instrengthening and flexibilityPA

Increase daily PE andactivity during PE classes

Decrease TV watching

Increase access to school

PA facilities Increase worksite PA

programs

Increase walking for short

trips Increase trips made by

biking



Call to Action Ensure daily quality PE for all

school grades

Provide more healthy food

options at schools Make community facilities

available for PA for all people

Create more PA opportunitiesat worksite

Reduce TV watching and othersedentary behaviors

Educate expectant parentsabout the benefits of breast-feeding

Change the perception of obesityso that health, not appearance, isthe primary concern

Increase research on causes,prevention and treatment especially addressing healthdisparities

Educate health care providersand professionals on prevention

and treatment of overweight across the lifespan.



Task Force on PA Effective

Interventions

Point-of-decisions prompts

Community-wide campaigns

School-based physical education

Social Support Interventions in communitysettings

Individually adapted health behavior change Increased access to physical activity (new

facilities, walking trails, worksite programs,etc.)



People of all ages can benefit fromphysical activity.

People can improve their health byengaging in a moderate amount of physical activity on a regular basis.

Greater health benefits can be achievedby increasing the amount of physicalactivity through changing the duration,frequency, or intensity of the effort.



Moderate physical activity is defined as physicalactivity that results in an energy expenditure of 150 calories a day or 1,000 a week.

Moderate physical activity engaged in on most, if not, all days a week yields health benefits.

Integration of moderate physical activity intoones lifestyle.



Fitness & PA Children & Youth More than 60% of students engage in vigorous PA 3 or

more days About 25% students engage in moderate levels of PA 5

or more days Over 50% of students engage in strengthening activities Males are more active than females White students are more active than black or Hispanic

students Participation in PA decreases as students grade

increased Nearly 40% of students watch TV 3 or more hours a day

during the school day



Fitness & PA of Adults Nearly 40% of adults are

inactive during their

leisure time. About 60% of adults

engaged in some leisurephysical activity duringtheir leisure time.

Nearly 25% of adultsengage in strengtheningactivities

Men tend to be moreactive than women

Younger adults are moreactive than older adults

Engagement in physicalactivity in influenced byrace, ethnicity, level of education, andsocioeconomic status



PA and Adults The picture of fitness and adults in our

society is perplexing and contradictory---health club membership is booming, fitnessparticipation remains steady, andoverweight and obesity has reached

epidemic proportions.



Obesity Epidemic A growing number of

people of all ages areoverweight and obeseand this number isincreasing.

Overweight and obesityare associated withserious health problemsand shortened lifeexpectancy.

15% of children ages 6-11years and 15% of adolescents ages 12-19

years are overweight. Among adults -

Only 33% of adults are at ahealthy weight

Prevalence of overweight or

obesity among adults is65.1%

30.4% of adults are obese

4.9% of adults areextremely obese



Poor Health is Costly In 2002, health care

expenditures were

$1.6 trillion or 14.9%of GNP. Projected tobe $3.4 trillion or18.4% of GNP in 2013.

In 2004, cost of

cardiovascular diseasewas $368.4 billion.

In 2003, cost of cancerwas $189.4 billion

In 2000, health care costsassociated with obesity were

$177 billion. In 2000, health care costs

associated with physicalinactivity wre $76 billion.

If only 10% of adults starteda regular walking program, anestimated $5.6 billion in heart disease costs could be saved.



Physical Activity & Adults Health club membership is at an all-time high 39.4

million.

Nearly 60% of members are 35 years and older. Slightly more women than men are members.

Nearly 50% of members have an income greater that $75,000whereas only 11% have an income of less than $25,000.

Americans spent $5.6 on home exercise equipment in

2000 compared to $1.9 billion in 1990. Treadmills are the most popular home exercise

equipment, but sales of free weights and home gyms havegrown steadily.



Recommendations Establish policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong

physical activity.

Provide safe, physical and social environmentsthat encourage physical activity.

Implement sequential physical education andhealth curriculums.

Provide diverse extracurricular physical activityprograms.

Regularly evaluate physical activity instruction,programs, and facilities.



Recommendations Encourage parents and guardians to support their

childrens participation in physical activity and be

physically active role models. Train teachers, coaches, staff, and community

personnel to promote enjoyable, lifelong physicalactivity.

Assess the physical activity patterns of youngpeople.

Provide a range of developmentally appropriatecommunity sports and recreation programs toattract all young people.



Educational Reform

1970s & 1980s Why?

Publics desire for accountability

Poor reading and math performance bystudents

Reduction of academic standards for high

school graduation Relaxation of requirements for college entrance

Loss of professional status by teachers



Educational Reform Improvement of student learning

Improvement of teaching Improvement of schools, their organization

and funding

Preparation of students to be lifelonglearners



Education Initiatives Goals 2000 Education America Act

No Child Left Behind

Improve educational attainment

Reduce disparities in educationalopportunities and achivement



Education & Health High levels of education are associated

with good health.

Income is also related to health;people who are affluent tend to havebetter health status than those whoare less affluent.

Education is often a predictor of income.



Health Literacy degree to which individuals have the capacity

to obtain, process and understand basic healthinformation and services needed to make

appropriate decisions Over 90 million adults have lower-than-average

reading skills which influences their ability toaccess, understand, and apply health

information. Consequence of poor health literacy is poor

health status. Health literacy is critical to primary and

preventive health care.



Disparities In Education Many racial and ethnic minorities are

educationally disadvantaged.

Those in poverty are more likely to havedifficulty reading.

Gender gap is slowly closing.

Females read and write better than males,although males perform better in math andscience.



Educational Reform and PE Is PE a frill and nonessential to

curriculum? There has been increased time in schools for

core academic subjects, thus reducing time forphysical education, music, and art.

N ASPE: PE should be an integral part of

the school curriculum. Physical education can affect both academic

learning and the physical activity patterns of students.



How does PE help educational

achievement? Healthy children have more energy available for

learning. PE is important for the overall education of

students. Daily, quality PE programs can contribute to the

attainment of our national health goals set out by

Healthy People 2010. Reaches disadvantaged children. Developing healthy habits at a young age can

encourage lifelong healthy lifestyles.



The 2001 Shape of the Nation Illinois is the only state requiring daily

physical education for all students K-12.

Many schools have waiver programs High physical competency test scores

Participation in community sports andcommunity service activities

Medical reasons Religious reasons

Participation in school sports, ROTC, marchingband





Promoting Better Health. Strategies that will help young people increase

their level of PA:

Families who model and support enjoyable PA School programs, including daily quality PE, health

education, recess and extracurricular activities

After school and recreation programs that offer awide array of developmentally appropriate activities

Community programs that make it easy to walk,bike, and use close to home physical activities

Media campaigns that increase motivation of youngpeople to be active

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EED3613 March 2011 Wuest15 Pwrpt Ch 03

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