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P A C I F I C O C E A N CHA NNEL I SLANDS MILES 0 25 50 N S E W U.S. MEXICO OREGON N E V A D A A R I Z O N A B Sacramento Crescent City Yreka Bishop Baker Avalon E E E E E Eureka Redding Chico Monterey San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Palm Springs El Centro E E E E E E E E Santa Rosa Victorville E E Stockton Fresno Bakers f ield E E E San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego E E E B Sacramento Crescent City Yreka Bishop Baker Avalon E E E E E Eureka Redding Chico Monterey San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Palm Springs El Centro E E E E E E E E Santa Rosa Victorville E E Stockton Fresno Bakersfield E E E San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego E E E 42° 41° 40° 38° 37° 36° 34° 35° 33° 123° 124° 122° 121° 120° 118° 117° 116° 115° 39°N 119° Longitude West of Greenwich Lake Mono Salton Sea Clear Lake Goose Lake Lake Tahoe Honey Lake Tulare Lake Bed Owens Lake Bed FERRY Santa Catalina G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Thousands of years ago, ancient people arrived on the land now called California. They walked over a small bridge of land from Eurasia to what is now Alaska. It was very cold in the north, so they searched for food, water, and warmer places to live. After many years, the people moved south and began to live in California. (1) Five hundred years ago, people came from Europe on large sailing ships. They explored the California coast. Later, many more people came from Spain and Mexico. The Spanish padres built missions up and down the state. (2) James Marshall found gold in 1848. Thousands of miners came from all over the United States. Some came all the way from China and Europe. The rush for gold was on. By 1869, people could travel from coast to coast by train. This made it easier to move from the East Coast to California. (3) The 1930s brought hard times. The Great Depression and years of drought caused many people to move to California looking for work. When World War II started, more people settled here where they found jobs building ships and airplanes. (4) Today, people from all over the world live and work in California. It remains a place “on the move.” Indio Merced Chico Ukiah Crescent City Eureka Redding Red Bluff Tulelake Alturas Weed Susanville Fort Bragg Oroville Williams Cloverdale Marysville Nevada City Placerville Roseville Santa Rosa San Francisco Modesto Sonora Stockton Sonoma San Rafael Napa Vallejo Oakland Hayward San Jose Palo Alto Bishop Monterey Los Banos Santa Cruz Watsonville Hollister Salinas Madera Fresno King City Coalinga Kettleman City Visalia Delano Taft Santa Maria San Luis Obispo Los Alamos Mojave Barstow Bakersfield Lompoc Gaviota Santa Barbara Victorville Oceanside Ventura Long Beach Huntington Beach San Fernando Santa Ana Los Angeles Beaumont Blythe San Bernardino Brawley Yuma San Diego Tijuana El Centro Arkansan, Missourian Oklahoman, Texan M e x i c a n NEVADA U.S. MEXICO OREGON A R I Z O N A B Sacramento California to 1950 Patterns of Migration California's Foreign-Born Population (by County or Region of Birth), 1850-2000 California’s Population, 1960-2000 T R A IL B E C K W O U R T H TRUCKEE ROUTE CARSON ROUTE CALIFORNIA (Statehood: 1850) NEVADA (Statehood: 1864) OREGON (Statehood: 1859) A R I Z O N A ( S t a t e h o o d : 1 9 1 2 ) CHINESE JAPANESE CHINESE JAPANESE AMERICANS CHILEANS EUROPEANS AUSTRALIANS CHINESE MEXICANS AMERICANS EUROPEANS Crescent City French Gulch Chico Grass Valley Nevada City Alleghany Virginia City Carson City Visalia San Jose Monterey San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Los Angeles San Diego San Luis Rey San Juan Capistrano Anaheim San Pedro Santa Clara Oakland Vallejo Sonoma Benicia Jackson Angels Camp Sonora Yuma San Francisco Sierra City Stockton U.S. MEXICO B Sacramento Statehood to 1900 N E W S P A I N ALTA CALIFORNIA BAJA CALIFORNIA San Francisco de Asís Monterey Santa B´arbara Tucson Tubac San Diego de Alcal´ a (1769) Fort Ross (Russian, 1812) Terrenate Altar Loreto (1697) San Jos´ e del Cabo EL CAMINO REAL EL CAMINO REAL EL CAMINO REAL EL CAMINO DEL DIABLO San Jos´ e de Guadalupe Villa de Branciforte Present-day California Boundary To Mexio City Boundary of 1773 Early California to 1820 1 Agriculture Largely Undeveloped Urban Forest Lakes and Rivers Grassland Land Use Passenger Railroad International Airport Port Divided Road Ferry Other Road Transportation G California Today 4 2 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1850 1860 1870 1880 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Percent Foreign-Born Population Year 1890 data unavailable Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) by UC DATA, UC Berkeley Africa Canada Mexico Other Latin America Europe Other Asia China, Philippines, Vietnam 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 5,000 0 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Year Total Resident Population (in Thousands) Immigrant Population (Out of State/Foreign-Born) In-state U.S. Census Bureau California’s Population, 1850-1900 Year Estimated total population / data unavailable Immigrant Population (Out of State/Foreign-Born) In-state 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Total Resident Population (in Thousands) U.S. Census Bureau California’s Population, 1910-1950 Year Immigrant Population (Out of State/Foreign-Born) In-state 1910 1920 1930 1940 2,000 0 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 1950 Total Resident Population (in Thousands) U.S. Census Bureau Indian Population Decline When the Spanish landed, there were about 300,000 Indians. By the time California became a state in 1850, the number of Indians was less than 50,000. A FRONTIER BOUNDARY: In 1773, the King of Spain divided the region into Alta California and Baja California. The border was almost the same as today’s border between the United States and Mexico. Printed on Recycled paper Dominican Franciscan Jesuit Settlement Trail Presidio or Fort Spanish Missions New Spain MILES 100 200 0 Gold-bearing Area Indian Reservation Mining 1821-1860 Migration 1860-1900 Migration California Fort Smith, Arkansas to California Butterfield Overland Mail Route Other Feeder Transcontinental Migration Routes and State in Transition Trails Railroads Present-day Names, Boundaries, and Shorelines Shown. MILES 100 200 0 City in 1950 Irrigated Land Overland from U.S. and Mexico Asian Immigration Federal State Migration to Cities and Farms Highways in 1950 MILES 100 200 0 Human Geography California Education and the Environment Initiative UNITED STATES Copyright © 2009 National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
