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FEBRUARY ?7• 1987. ; ii

------ --- --·----·------- ;·_~ -------- - ;· ·-----:---·-:: : • - · · :: • ·. :. -.·At_. ~e .same :time there wen Co:.~dicto:ry rell9~~,

Wnl! lthot:~r ·ch~nl·a? cin.>re o!·less deilber~tely.conaadictor;v> "?-~·,tbil_•· ~P' : 1 · 11 reader didn't know which. one set th~ directio~;f<Jt':IJI"'

~·-/+ <-.··-~·-_;.·.'; <.-·:.- · .. -:·· ,._> --~ .· .:-. -~-. :-w~-;_: .... :;_~:·i.:' ~-~~~,· ,,:fPfteoriJ:P:Tl-tantte.~;,T_-~:~~~:r~:c; .J ::~·-. ·f ··;J:t:~~{~c:·. ·; ,·(~~·:,~;~: .. ,:;:~~::~:·~~:·.·: · · yenr. Was it, for example, " fact, dP.Jllet1 by:,C~!ljll;at _·

b Ra Dun · ka · portimt than the 1960s (to which 'we ,.ill return). But to it !llld the U~ted S~tes·enga~ed i? joint naval Ul8lJ~Il· . • Y Y~ • ayevs ya . fully _understand the ongoing demonat:~ations in 1986--87, vera, or ~·as 1t_-_a .f~cG tha~--~ _Jtself: was .~de~~ID-8

Cbwnvoman, Nationru Ecllt.orlal Board we MVQ to tw·n to the demonati•.tions .tbo, year before, .b"'~t ~!'olog~cal and militaristic dav<jlopm•nts m 'th.•.-'· :The Decmiibor . lSBO ·month-long student dsin<in· . ·to ~· fiDal quarter ~f 1985. The .demc·cstratiaiUI in Chi· ·.. Pacific. (,,.,e noa. 1()_6_ and .1~ of t~e Quarterly Chrr·n~·­, atretions ;., Chlna 'brought into tho open the pnisent ,na m 1985 wero not •>n.any yn'!th problema; they-were cle. and Documentation Sections of the .China Quart~"·' . , turmoil, but they' wel'e nei!he! tho cause nor the coDJJa· a ~ballenge ~ Den~s. new pohcy o~ _Jn~~· -.T~1e ~~- · Jy). :.' ,·_;,. , quent.e of what is bringing t.'le r.riais to a cllmax. Behind dents rea~ Prime Minister Nakasoneu mll1taristi~ vwt ·FROM llf.ARX 'l'O MAO 1 . ,.,;;;;: ••

the in-fighting within the Communist Puty leade!"llhip · ~ t!t• .Bhrtne where World W&! ~ cffi::era lay bune<IIIS" . ·· -To fully undemtand what 1987, hlis in ·:stare for Chin~. tJ;inc to shift the blame fr.r the present crisis from it- · . ~ymg tllc. srune retrogre""!~nist m~vo 118 .Reag.m's in light ~f:what has been developing in t!to objective sit·

· sa!f to the rank·and·lile, there is a great det!l more in· · Vl&t to the B1tburg, cemetery m Germany, which pwd· . uation on one hand and the wrestlin• with the Mstr l<tg· volv~d thall eithor finding sC!Ipegoats, or the "West's" . ~c:-d.tlt~ sam~ type o!ou~· against tf:!l! so;called-<:on. acy ou.th<>·other; we bave to tum i;. 1983. The aignifi·. dogmatic and w!gar gUII!J..,. !lhout economic "~eforms" . cilialioru;m> With the Nazt·Jap!"'ese, •n!ll~t pa~t, It · eance of 1983 r.osts on the-· fact that it ,., .. both (be. · ond political "democracy:•· ·. . • ·. . · WIIS n dir·ect challenge to Dengs·deV18tio~, not-c•nly Man Centenary Year snd the 62nd anniversary of ~lte ·

Cieru:ly, in one re11pect, it is a question of the succes· on •Jap"!' but glo}>ally, and not only .on ''foretf' af!"airs". founding ot' the CCP .. · · · ·• si~n to Deng Xiaopin~ whlch will. be on t,he agenda in but nati.onally, lrom ·the: labor(cap!tsl rel&ttonship ·at What· is _of more .. immediate importance is :Mao 2:-- ; the fall when the Thirteenth National C.mgreas of the . wor~ (wttness. the ~tee[ workers s~<tS) as well, as ~e· dong Thought. On Nov. 2.1, 1!!81, the Centre! ·Comnut· ; Chin..., Communist Party (CCP) is. held. But even that· flee~ tlte con~nwn8 restlessness m the Pc•ople s Lib- tee cf the Chinese· Communist P&rty finally """""d a. is only a partial answer, !or it is not a question· of who erahou Almy. · · ' · resolution ·entitled, "Mao Zedong"s Historical Role. ai1Ci . will follow Veng, but what will follow any auccessor. ·To . That the CCI' lead~hlp underot<>od that's what ·Mao Zedong Thought." To prove that though Mao hild . avoid tho ansWer to &.at type of burning quCution, Mao. th~ students were domg could -be seen aa early as made .. gross mistakes in ·the 'Cultural Revolution' •.. his. Zedong had called the near~ciyil war of the ~971 Lin . Oc!-- 9, 1'985, whe.n th~ JaP.~ese F·o:;eign -Minister,, merits are primary and hiCJ•n-OJS seeoadary;"-thay _: · · · Biao afiSi.r "the great·disorder under Heaven.".-- . Shi!J~ Abe_ arl'lved m BeQiDg to ~tlisc:uss the new rnariZed :Mao's Thought as follows: 11Mao made a

There is no doubt that that had bCen the most .seri· '. Peace and Friendship 'I'r<laty. that ~.ad been signed retical synthesis of China's unique CXP"rlence in' ous c.-i..ods since winning POwer, and that the crisis came betwee_n China and Japan. Tho Chinese Vice--Premier trneted revolUtion in accOrdance with the bBflic not from the outSide or from ctlpitalist elements within U Peng agreed with: him that rehttio.Ds between Chi- plea of Marxism.·Leninism ••• many outstaluiing leaders :Ot~ the country, but from· wiUrln the ruling Conimunist Par·. Dll nnd Jupan were now on an even keel, but n"ver• our. party made important coritributions to the formEi.;. ' t)'_' leaderahip, ~m the' Very one MBO Md ·constitUtion-: theless l'E.

1~ded. ~e. Japanese Foreign Minister. of tion p.fld development of Mao Zedong Thought atid' tli1~Y. · . ally designaWd as, hia succ~or _('!clCi~St cmnrade i:n . all. tJ:tc• dilfli~ultios that· there have been between tbe. are synthesized in the scieritific. work o.f Comrade ·Mao:=·•.· .·

anns"). . : · , , · , , , two countrleo._ . . . : • . . . . . . By 1983 there ·was a great rlollf moJt .than jusr-~lf A whole decade bl!!l psssed aince Mao's death. The _. Indeed, .the Japanese. news agency Kyod~ repo~d-., continuation ,of--Milo's C'.ollected ·WorkS.: The questiim

olisuters of his final· decade calle<J the, Culturnl. Rcvolu, ; · .. that :"'£!..·obliquely · b~ed" ,the Japanese · gove1nnient . . was what h that collectivity that produced Mao ~OJ>g:. ~on haye bee!> hal.ted' ·Yet tlio,"ilew'' ;World atag~ he·~t · .. '. for. ~v~ :;'JU::Cd ~erlain ·"unstable el!ementa · in · t!teir. . .'J'hought?, They _ijave . no~. issued the Selecte<I_.\Vorke; 9f tn motion by rollmg the · re~ .. carpet out.- for- No:on. m ~!lonship._ · SuJct; cleiU"I~ the· s~dent , ~0!)'"11Btrations · . the • presunt·tlay : rec~gmzed leadera.-,-Zhou 11!71 is oxactly what ·happen:., to _national· quos tiona ·in a _agmuat Ja;p':"' -~ontinued; ·lt · ;:,ertainl~ · 'cnnnot. be conaid, Sba0qi,, Deug. Deitg is' the <?niY ·one Uvitig,

. gl~bal wor.ld when .. n.:o ·nuclear Beh!llii.otl)a:m:e- strug: · :· · ered a.n_ .a<~•den~. th<lt. the_ CvP. offic_Jal ·at 9'~t momEtnt the power, t!'e onofwho iS ~ringing .about the gling for smglo world mastery and you do no~ unfold a· · conli=.ed. that. rapprochment talks. wooro gomg qo>.be· . lenges_ to ._lus:_owu .. riJle. The first ·who' had. truly inde~ndeut challenge:·.~·- '.·: : ·: .· · :, · · . :. ·' ·tween 1t mtd tlte·,lapa!l'l"" C!Jt~uni,st ~'arty.''' '. .; · · . tliesij._diiriuinstlntiOJ,1s'reac:hed.a ~ wiui.)liii pr~tesi~( 'l'HE 1985 YOUTH CHALLENGE TO DENG~ . . . . . : · . J-111 YlloblliJg. · · ·. . :, .

I-_. ... OPENING '1'0 JAPAN AND OTHER :: ·· 1. See lho_Quamrly Cbronlde and Docu,.cn,.u.., s.cuor. -cr· the · · .· Let's•never;forget that youth have '--' '""""'UGGLES.. .. . . ,, .. ~,Quvlor~r •. no.-IOS.Mal<bl91!6.. lndoed.lhi•Oocumen,.UonS.C· ··in China. _,·,,the 20th .. h•~; B k . r-_ .:u . ..,, .. . . tio!W or thP. ~ from the. whole Pfriod o1 O.:t. 1985 t.hroqh SepL . .. cen ........ .,. ~c .

. 0 The Youth h&ve always hnd a very special role in the · ·. 1986 or• u.p; .. u:nt t..:h tor m)!it..-, ..- sn<1 ra .. tm otrairo. wilh Ja. ·they even thought that they could ....,., Chi · I . . d . · . ·. . . pan: on the ,D.(le band and Rutlflia on tM I) the;, u •eff' 111 .ctual ecollM:lt- . - . • d VJ neae revo utlot11U'Y movements, an none· more un4

• ic deve!opmer.ta·1n t.he eonat:y. · ·. . . - continu2 ,co . ' ' ". . '

•

ll[lfi~i~Jj~

'

.;

ii _)

. . : ·- -·~--: . ...;..:.. . .:....._.,. -

II ··-·

'\-> .. ·- -- ·. ":-._. . cently< the New York Time8-'f.,,orti!d . one such area, ,.-.-~---· .. · ..

i Shenyang, the induStriar capital of Manc~lll'ia; which ·is: , eyidently ·so high· ciir,~.'rofo1m" that .it emboldened •·one'. :manager to announce·:tliat hB hod i:ut tlui work Coree at· <his factOry from•1,00o to 800, adding, "rve still got 200 • people'too ·many.", .. _;•, .•.. /,. :, · ·. · . · · <•·. :: · ; The.l-986 dem .. o_ntm.lioDS only brough. t to th .. · e·· .. tftin_t_' .. ,.

tht\ iiiYriitd ciiiei ·that. haV.. been holllng up th.."'lii{h~ '.

·:;:.,~;,J;~~~!:~d~Z ::;~.;;:,:t:;'r!'ii..~-,1 . . that once again It Ia facing tlie two nucleadle!te- j

.:rnoths and it.~ n·o·t-·go ,to.buDd .. an.,~~"~'!"_ den~~ .. path. Haii Deng,."" ~ . ..., ·."hal-dllilera . and . softll- . ·ncrs;" given up :h_iii.>e thot;th~.la ion independ~nt ·i · Thhd World that. would lead. to Independence frOm bothRu118!aandtheU.S.?'••:·-'•:·:··.' '·._·, . ·:_.,.

· Integral to tb.at is. tho intmlationnl ·queotion:. where tO glol>ally? 'Ha('one·metely,to· choose·ootween U.S/2nd Rum:ia? WM•Rdssia'really·enemy:number one,' so that Re.Ggan could ·eonsider China his .card? The latest thiUi tl!at. China was very quick about denying was the Kyn­do"news e.C.ount that China and tlte U.S. were. p•.t'lio!:' pating in joint P..v!ll mSDO!Jvers. China said: absolutely no;· they were just "e.zcl-.ailsiitg greetiiigS." SomabOdy'a head will roll; Will it b& Deng's? · . . . . -. ;- :· .. _, ..... -< - --r· . . ..

·. .Joeb: to, 1987

i For Sb..~g Wu!ie!i ~~~ ;,.. Phllooc~h3' &.d Revol•tiOll, j,. \ . 176. A 1982 cn!ition: of Pft..D.~ph:' ==. P----...:~"t:w Me a new point ar I

deputure in· ita Introc!uctioa 'with nr; ~ tl) Pn!-f. ~ Ann- ;

~~~~m~.~ ~ ~~:·. Retre·~-~ ~~Jda (~~:~. ·. 3..-~-ia nOt'th!t ~ ~-.,,ork Out t.'raO Zedcm. Th_ ~&ht u ruttrit!d" tnriafonning bia w.bOtitution Gf ~U-milla wuWe for proletarian nvolu­tbl into a n.~W univmal. Yrrtt wu th" Great Leap l"'orwanl. .'.11WJ ·vrae fmicwtd by the u..tleua to R.uBa--.JJ 1\t@d of the !:et..-r-..:.ticr.:! e=~ IUWUit mavftUm.t. Uy t£e mid-19&:. we wr.-e witness to the I!Ut &u:.

. tem \Tb..'eh Mao called-the Cultui'al Re~lltion (19G6-7H. whitb. 9:q1 the Gru.t SnbsUtudon fen MUs m-·ohtt!4on-in-petii'IU1tnee.· See t.~ _two .chapt.m "'l'b'! Challea,p'e! !-!= T-~tuni' ·;md "'Cultural RevolUtion or· Maoist Reaction? ... in :o~y ~ aa.d Fre;,dom (f9a2 ed.). -e!Jd .u

·, ...n -p..,.Mao C!Wu: WJ!a• N~~ in myN- Euarouml. · ·.. .

. 4. s..; N ... Yorlt 'l'IJW,..ion:oo, t9S7: · -· . - . - .

- .. - - ·-· .....

11089.

.r-·

'•;._-

\ \

Notes· for Possible TIP on China Jat •• 20;

·One word that is not mentioned at all, that is :111: pouring· ~ .. '-

forth from China these days on the new crisis, whether the

concentration is on the student demonotrations, or ~ollectu~l:i : .. . -·;

asp~cially in the Science and Technology field, not to m~nt1on

the steel strike and general labor restlessness, is the army •.

' ~~ Yet it is precisely there where there has been~ · 1969," l..!!.,s the head of the Army) . . · . · ·. .·

when Lin Biao was'llllillia»n]iJixiiiXlfiooartJBnoorl!l!lllll!l!XU.1i11!lil1XliliX and

only the one who claimed that it was the army rather than the

Purty that is the model for the Youth to follow, Thet.wes .'

the

the

first time in any country that called itself. Coll\lllunist. that

A~signated by tbe Constitudon itself as prl.mary.

Neturnlly; Lin Biao was part of·that, wh~ch to H~aai any

good vanguardist mea11t building its own faction, so that when

tWo short years passed, Lin Biao was named as the enemy, Mao

was faced ui th 1111 armed fac tiona and .indeed have continued

throughout, first to put down the Red Guards and •.hen in geritral

to plan a game for pm<~er.

-~.:.

Is this the case now? fa:adameutal issueu

need !tJ be

The context in which we need to examine this have two

fundamsntal poles; One, is the strategic or mo;:e correctly · (pnly.J ·

philosophic con~:ept w!Jich has ,·"·~·driven China, not~ to 1/

·independence fiom imperialism, but KXllliiX diotinctly unique_

from all other. Communists, is the concept n that the workers

should put down their arms, should recain &t their benches

' ·· · · produr.:ing; 11hile the Army, the peasant Army, surround a the

--=··--. _,

'-,--,--·, .•, ..

--,.

i;. \

cities at!( occupi~:s them; Two, this concept .w&s ther;·e :xl:ertdeid . / . . .·. ··.·.·'· __9;le' International scene with the birth· of· the_ Third World, wl~'ex·e

the"int~'rnat!onalism"'was equated with the Third World, te,chilolo'ilic•~ll.v

backwar-1, that: -.<Quld surround. the whole :advanced. world,. ilnd .when :

. this was named t~e peoples .war~ Biao m~de. tha_t speech, ~ '-. .-

it was supposed to .be Mao Thought, but perhaps Lin Biao was tlie

only one who be Heve~d!--"-<L,..._---.._

.. In any case,E~ember 1971 brought about the crisis

~****<'***'"*~*************~~. ;-,

Qucta.tions from The Rise nnd Fell of Lin Piao,- by Jaap van .,

., Ginneken (New Yo.rk: Avon, ·1974) 1~77) ... ~; ~

The. inter~sting thing is.: the last

'><ith Conflict on p. 369, continui.ng with the "Plot", the suppoaed

Li.n P1.ao plan, . 571; and ending with the visit of Nixon.

Insofar a~ the _quest1oii'ol"l:fie-coi'iflict"ilr-concerned;-·'> · -·. ·--·,"., .,...... .. -"'"'.~·- . -- .. -- ' - - \

· / "Before the Cultural Revolut!Lon I.in Piao had set himself ·\

~1 (" Ill< the strategist of the Thi~d World c(lunt:ries, by proclaiming )

. .JJ~{t~ the invincibility of:the people'e war. His enthusiasm for j v~ rv '· ~bina's .evant-garde role in the world had, however, caused 1

''{r, -~ ·. . him. to be regarded very much a~ a Chinese chauvan!at." (p •. 251)-// . '· ~~~;). --- . /

c:k_\ (~~ • ~~- I··. A~ey sn(!Oilll~~e invitation to Nixoi.lUl-2"!/71??)

':,:'\V~~·i\'1 • ~(1

.

. _ ·. · .. '. ·. ·. , ~ .. ···: __ ... \~ . : Lin_ vis ita many Army divisions on a supposed inspect:ton tou:-,

<> .. ~.-~.). ,·t\(_. \'which Milo immed:l.ately decides is totally factional and st2rts

. )/ . ·the campaign against him.

·;: •

3

Insofar as the next Part is concerne~,•, which .is· the·· backsii.rou~·~,r'';§;:;z.J~.j1~;}: of the '!571''" Plan, I am not interested In the. theory tha .. t

aon rather then Lin Piao himself who organized· it.

an epilogue on the. Shanghai rae tion of the gang of f. our which is . ,.

where l.t ends, but I am more interested in the 80s, especially

since the Demncrl!cy Wall

***-*********.;..'*******.~*****'1.'

From B~lttmorc ~un, printed in

Sunday Jan; 20, 1987. "China Backs Off" by John l~oodruf£.

This commentary from Peking begins with what has been

hepptming since last October when the CCP had a plenary 'meeting. 'r-" =-- ~;=::> .

If anyone thought that so-called modernization means political

der:tocracy bec11use the Becember issue of the Red Flag carried

an article by the ·· new Culture Minister, Wang Heng h~il,;d

the Of:W democracy, includi.ng evi.dently "ether'' schools of . . ' ---

thought". Other of course meant non-Msr.<:ist. That was. the

. ~ date, 12/15/86, when obviously XK~thad ~ow decided that

there had already been too much freedom as was charly seen

from the fact that the demonstratioils by studentG had begun

and by late December an<! .,arly January a campaign was •mloosed .

against so-called "bourgeois liberalization". Mo't'e:··, heads

began to roll since the coming to power of Deng; l) ~ Yacbarig

who wos supposedly Deng's own heir Xi!JU apparent, resigned·

from the-o:liairtr.anship of the CCP;

2) Fang Lizhi was e.xpelled as wss . \

3) Wang Ruowan& who had questioned the ~ingle~.:_/···· -~ · .. -.

4

4) Liu Binyeng , a reporter who exposed corruption

expelled.

There has suddenly been a new stress on whn t they call

"The 4 _cardinal ~ principles".

John Woodruff is the Chief of the Peking_ Bureau of the _ ..

Baltimore Sun, does not sp:all out the 4; instead, he stresses··

~he_t the:\most important of course is maintaining a total \' '

"monopoly on politicsl power." Actually what he is talking . .

about is evidently a new "middle class"; H's actually ·state:.

capitalism, .. even though ~>'hat he goes back to as.' an example. is

4,000 years of dynastic history. F.vidently what the Western

reporter is talking about is what we call "Yuppies" and ·

"competent managers"- instead of "power iii the hands of Connnunist

Party secretaries." That that is what the West is talking

. about, is that one of his conclusions 19, "Deng himsi!lf may

be a long ;yay from fully committed to opening China 'a politics

in the ·ways that would be needed to make a modern economy

workable." He then talks about the thousands of students

studying abroad; " there ia a generation of returning students

..-;-

waiting 't. just behind the current top Chinese Ccmmuniet leadership ••• "

>·

,_.,. ,­

-- ...... -- .... --·-"·-- ... --··<"-

5

A Few more. diaconnec ted thii<Ights, 'but this may ac tuilqy ·• ;; ·,,-.:

return roe back to the China topic because I 'lie now deci.ded -' ,.

that in actuality, what Deng is doing ie moving away from·

· This doesn't mean that there is no crisis in China, indeed

'there is the great troubles under heaven, l!liiXliliiJ as Mao D".!IXl

aaid in a very sil!liliar situation when the crisis' became so

tot11l in China that he issued an invitation to Nillxon to visit

,._.

China. That ~lflOijiD!!O!!!JI transformed the crisis into an outright . . ' .. ' ··-· ..

civil ~ar between Mao Tsa,_,.Ttmg and Liu Piau·, th:ii:. ·is to say,

between the party and the army.,

~ount now? The point ·is that what'·Deng discovered

within the top ~ CCP leadership at the very time when the

youth were demonstrating loudly for demanding freedom and

d~oc~ecy, waa that that tcp bureaucracy ~aLe warning Deng

tha,t that's exac.tly ·~hat was due to happen if there continues

· to be auch 11: looseness 'J.n the "principles", i.e., ideology,

of the vang~ard itself, the CCP, that all we will get out of

this ~ seeming opposite but actual similiar att«mpt as Mao -·

of achieving in one year 20 years progress. Nixon ~~

u who already rhetorically announ<:ed us a superpower hadn't

. broubht that prospertty to~agan who never intended --:--:- ' .,

. ...------~- ... /_.such thing".hae no intention whatever of making it easy for_

~- · to achieve either high tec:hnolagy or lo&nf his. privatizatio ----..:_._----- .... ___ ...__/--~, __

' I ·~ --is only sending some individual profiteering rules to Canto.

end new Shanghai; and-next ~~nchuria? ~will Japan? . '~-..C:-'-- . ., . . . .

Reagii

is certainly busy arming thllt old enemy in viclati~n of the

Also fnt 165 +

all the essays in N&L on 60s, incl. Letters :from Hong Kong

."

- ·:.

6

very Constitution· they .imposed on Japan.

No, all that he is l!lffJiiU~ inspiring ia a Chineae version > >

of the so-called new middle class they call the Yuppies, .who are . -- '

interested· in only one thing, J!JflfJOCHJm¥ profiteering, careerism.

and_ t:hat 1 s the generation that'_s· knO~kirig.- at your __ :; door Deng;

when you retire next Fall. So you'd 'better have Hu Ysobang

resign first.

The firot important MH analysis was that one single new

paragl:'aph that cost me $200, to add to M&F already in :jiUlO! ,

galleys 6&- Hao mau~ the speech 'How tc· Handle Contradictions

Among the People'. It was followed tn the 2nd ( i961f) edition

with a new chapter on the challenge of Mao Tse-Tung that

detailed Milo's development, with stress on philosophy and

the Yenan period on Contradiction, but actually returning to

hos very first original departure from l1ar.xiam, theHunar •. Report,

ending with Two Types of Subjectivity. XliXX

1973 P&R

11095_,,

re~oluti~nary, s tra tegis t lni'DK.·, .I t.l1ecori,s _·;-';,:;,:;:.·,~-77"~':::,:.~-·---· ·:~---,--.- _:-'· . '. ·-·. --·-.•. ·

, ·' .. ~.e,~;~jdit~.'~;~~{:t1tit1[~¢\-2"·:~-~~'-~~·~i T -:;-~a~e gro~'s misi:aki!a ·iti·t~le '·•tniitura(1 ·-·:

. ,_.r.uoZ:its •are primery 'and 'his errors: second~ry

.. ... No. 28 ~rites cfMso ha~ing~a~~ at·:·:~:~s~·;::.:{~r~\~~:f~~~·~:i~~i: ·;~f China; s unf,qu!o ~:Xpe~ience l.n its ·~

·;,.

'in ~~corci!ince uith the b~siC: principle of .~:. -· ' . . ,. . . '

-. '·-·:·•c..c•co•~~.HiiSIDC!t~leadets'of 'our·· party made important

-~~-- the form.s tion a_nd development lfi on:tao Zedong thought . ~· '· ... , . .::

.!. ''!-

., >·and' they are !Ynth~s.ized in .the scientific work of co#ade. , . .-,• ., . _; -._;

. . .·. . :

books which ded~ith'-·.. i,ko' Zedong ~

. . . .J

tlo. 29 thea lists. the 'number of

h~s'~dritrtbt;i:f.on~ ~e N~~-democr~tic. of Bourgeoisie, comprador::or bu.~eaucratic ·

- . . . ' l!tj,d) - . Th_e nunited front_ :t armed eJ;ruggl~-

"'··· ''"' ·-··-·· oasJ.o;. · ~14 ~~~~~?: of defe,a ti;.g' th~ ~nemy' wi.t_npa~~~-l- ;; ~;·_:,;~~~;;':~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~;~ :the.' three.

.. Tigers.-- . - . . . . . .

- - On Part'j building, there is li~~ed a

u· . . No. 30. The living soul·

sta~d; viewpoin.t and method embodied in i,ts , __

·mentioned abave, This stand_, viewpoint and l!!etho_d ·

to three basic points: to seek truth from f~~ ts ,< th~-·· --_,.... __

line,. 11nd independence. Comr&ce Mao Zedong applied

and -historical materialism to the entire-~ork of the

proletsdanpariy: giving shkp~ to ~h:i.s stand, v:i.ewpoin~~~~.( . - . -· . - :> . ·" - ~ ··.-~-· .

111111th~d so characteristic- of. Chin_ese Ccmmunists-

revolution and its arduou~ .-~-p-,t· 6t:~£~'t:~dl~Ert~~~~;~l~·~t!;f~~i,{~l~J1

-~--·· -~~ . -.·-- ' ~

''

;'; No~ 31. ,The ;>_

' ever again of ,the .... ,

by having Mao ied~ng Thought."

******""*******1-'*********~*****--.,*****'

This 1983 iensseesmeni: by one of

China· to .a Chinese' audience (Stuart Schram

United College on Aprill982)coveriri:f no. less .than

pedod from.l917 to the end of his life in 1976,

:prefa~ct"uall; date~,~/20/83, ha6 exactly one

- ~ '.

. on Lin Piao, who was named in-. the Constfi:l.~ion itself. as • '~'-, ' '

'the· one.cloaest. in 'll1ilfliXI arms to Mao, ceri:J_trily p~oduced_ -:~-

tlle,greatest, crisis that China li.ved through. :'..n all its ye&!;S_ ·.

since-gaining power, not to m~ntion what is still going on·

'in the military now •. ,Jhi.s _is the rna!'.~!!'? was • ,_,o~ '~ '• •' -• -•-•• -- '·.·- --:" •

''to write on the 1!9liticol :E!Uig;thought of ~o,

··l.have had ri·o contacta'atall~n . :: '·'

do tltotigb, "tnat' is whstt he said he uouid do -- _._ .. :::.: ~;~.: v "

... _,,· c fundamentel:-:1:~ assessing particular asplicto . .

::-:.':c·.·o·:.·: . .-:: • .- __ I- ~~~OpCIS~-,-.- to -look --~~o~·"&t:·. -f-~Ut• ~-.·p~t'ti~~ :~:aif-~ .. . ,:.. . -

- '-.(_

', .··. ,~e seei), ~ave a ~istq~ extendit}g

~etio~ •. ~atwe~nChina an?,t~~s; ~~c.roleof··· , .. @>~~~u·a~d ~ubj~cti•;? !~ tn the ~evolutionary pr~cessy . , ...

: ®the relation between democracyand.centralism; andthe analysis } --.. .. <:: ---~~ - -

, ~f contradictions in Chinese society•''

'f:> ·. ;_ . ' .. . (·_·. :.'~

' -} '

... , the .demonot1·ations to lllli·what happened the niJ~th before ....

. . . . .. . .. · .. · .. :· . '· ~··~·.· '·.·

,d, 1~. the State •. Tin~s, {i_~::~~iR: U?~~". """''" 'finished; precisely because 'it is not just the

~ -- -

but a question of

State, ·-PoH tics

_,; -

the.gove~ment --.

and l would • say

that that is the contradiction that bas characterized

from_ its very birth. Not only was XI

Army decisive long before Coimnunism, ~ gue~lla • . . .-1

fonn it;Jo~k under Mao became thll_ U 20th Century ~ Great ' · · · • · ·. · (in a 'form) ·

Contradiction 'between War and Revolutior(liJXliXDID:mG , ..

a section· of War considers it to be Revolution; which~.:·

cail!d the shortcut that ends ill th~ long ,; . . . . . .......... ~- .... ~·

· :' defeat and which Mao has.called the protracted. war;',.·· .: -~/~--·.- .. -._ ·, ~- .-.- . .. _·: - . . . . -

..

as .the present Gargon ·article is con~~rned; • . ? - . ~

pr,elll~n t:a tton ,' both by

move. from that state~en~ ~n the military to _an .lcaecaclg:Lca

debate, as if all id~ology i~ whether the

. ~eform is f.ll~L<>r ,slow, Considering the .reduction•of'•i.t•h!.lc>!!C>PlliV .,

; to number a, the Chinese leadership is likely to discu~a ';' · -.. . - . - .. ·,·

the two_ fsc.tiona.·-- military and party -~ as, are we going·'

to have two or·one.

**********************"'****** Bourgeois Libar~lis~ •. -. ,._

The Time Maganine, 2/2/87, surprisingly captures a little ---- .

leest the military too and at le11ot mentions_. tha_t ;;.:.._:;-~-:----------­

force ·to· rescind many·_of,. ,: · ,•_; .. _,,, -~.·· ,, .

_s til tus? · Otherwise,

·. · ·ot.e, _then the; paper :seems to say '1:,J:~s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Soviet-traim;d ·engineer t.!ho _speaks .j

··ties with Moocow, becomes the. leading y-

isn '· t co_rifusing enough, it mentions

will be in Peking l.n ~.arch.

Foreign Affairs. '.·

~~ction ~nche::;-~,.. •• ,.., .... ·,...,.,..,..=',-...

,.

but the_ specific article is. dated 1/15, 1/19,' baa ·~n ·articlii .... -.. ~ by Patrice Beer entitled "Deng Throws ·Hu to the W?lves", hae.

·oo .far as I'm coiic_!!rned only ~ne interes\ing; bu~ quite.

myRtifyin~ new word ·and that is •1200" campjli'Sn--i.e., "he'' . combined -100 flowers and. 100 schools of.· thought contend.

-> . '. '/' -_ . - _ .. ' - . . . \-':;:- .

. Acco~dirig to this, there. was a national C~nference . ' . . ( . . . . . .

CP in Sept. 1986' Wher. the ilo~called ~one~l:'l~ti~eli who a· ~tua.:~l~•;}Jl?'."; - ,: ,,- ,,<' ,• >' .- - •• :;-:·::;:;:• : •r -., ', ';_ ) '

the Left re~11ur~aced ,tn anotjler campaign against

.though .that bad been .. E I topped ei11rly

··.and dd. ·: · a ed · ·.• . 'I've·:sti.ll gof 200 .-,-.

-··-~

-: -~ '.

_.:..· _.·.

. . - .· ._ . ,-' .

--··----~\~ . ....:._:;_~.:,~ .. '~~:; ....... ~.::. -·--z.:: .. :::.L~-~- .· ...

. .-: tne·,Jame' th~ng, in rel~tionship to Reagan? And I cited 2 of my -· • .. _.. . ,,. . . . . .

·:OWn Chinese turziin~ _!~Dints, lst in M&F (that ftn. on Mao's "On .· >,_::.: .. ~~)~:.',;)/ ,• _·; .:-.~\:::· '~- ";-::}-\);.·-. ---

.. • .. ,,:Contradiction") and:'the· 2nd edition having ·a new chapter tbat :·~:-;~;>:-.·---:·· __ ., \'_·'·:', :·:-~"-.:'·"·· ~ .

:ended with'J''fwo fypes of Subjectivity" , and in P&R summing it

·. ~~:inc~ ·~e had the :~~ct opposite .in Sheng Wu-lien. - '· ·- - -.. : ..

that is what

I dictated

..•. -2-...

That 1 thing; management, vs.·Party discipline, or rather, '1'._

"ideological interference" .. ; is actually against labor and demand

·. ·. for greater and gr.eate~ production, which was seen very prominently

rep~r~s in. t . ~~section of the ~~chester ~ the .regional section - Sheny~he industrf.al capl.tal

!'..anchuJ;ia·. One of the :!!ll!!:2li managers (bosees) was· emboldened !, .: ~:. '- ... . -....

, :. . ·\;: enough to annou~ce tht<t he had cut the total work· force in his

:·,_factory from ·1000. to 800, adding "I hav~ still got .200 people too

" ' ' ...

. , :· .. 1/15/87)~

(MG 1/25/87 -.·

-·:

: -:· :_.-

the article itself dated /l/19/87 and/or

... _..

.:;:~ -- '-.

_.,_.•. •,

. - .. ::.-_~----

., ..

t.f

·' ,_,,: ______ .... :..:;::.;...:.:..;;....",.._:.,-.... ~ ........... : ... ~......._ .. ___ , ____ , __ , _____ ._

' ' :.. . . \

,.

.-- - .. :--·

-3-

·by the form of 1/29 (YP) is that7h~re. the contel':t

is 'by no means. ended, that the actual »Jj :t

(~.~~'§f~~:f~l~f~.i;,~i:lig~~l.~• that has ~itaractei:ized H~~iam ·, ·jij! •... :: .. ----. -, -.,. ·,

the spokesman -- was -L:i.u, that is, clearly· ··

- ~'

"'

-­' ' _·, ::··,:·I -···. ,·_ ,/ charactedstic:.of.capitalism calling•·.

: to Ai:lny ~-- -~ -~-:-_

Mao's deviation from when he waan' t /

:Lo:au'" of the CP, and, indeed, his. historic n~me _:.; he J. has . -~·- .. · :: ~rategistof_..~.·_.,_.·.: .. .h~st~ry .a~. the;<· · LWELHl guerrilla fi!lill, war as.:

to· 'i:'evolution, Indeed,

role-- and that is the·nationaiist revolution of

·the deviation which ~lf~llit~D first of ell held that

the peasantry, not the proletariat, would conquer power, and would · · ·nationalist

do so through a protracts war, w ich would have the workers . . . .. . · .. · II, . '

remain at their work places, unarmed, while the peasant er.ny sur-" .-•:· -. -~ .. rounded .the' city end conquered the state p<rwer.

,· ,-. e~pressed'by making

,.· '·

When ·thi9 was Constitutional

everylrody .·'Was· asking

whether ·that was'one .more military 'dictatorship., Mao's answer

\. ., :\·;,~hat "~o; the ~ar.ty. ~till controls the gun, not the gun that Party" ' -. ·• .

.' •• ~~~ hardly the 'most convincing. ''.

::- ".'

I .. (

:·. '<. ... ~ .-'

'.

. ~.

•-, -·

.. · 11106 ' :- ... _, ., ,, . ; ·.

".---.,.--- --------- --

., -, --~---- ----- ---·- ~ --------

. :' -~ -.::·

•

. · ...

l~. tll.f ;.~ ..... ,.. ~..,.,. •!:f'>'~<''!• ~~ ..,.,m. "''""' ., .. ,~-.•fa '+ ''* fHh •lid !ifltfH;!;Mf~•c~. ~t ~!\a111 H,NtH it !n-i ;;HH.th il•;~.;•hnt

t• l41U4nH, hC l!l•f UU t~ (~""•!•H <tt!l\ ;,1\4( U li\H,..Uli~t

fn• U , •114 tl\41 u tntltt. •ft•u•. • '"'hnt~tt •• iluw 11\4

ttpvtc• tthMtt tM l_.~~ltt:r il•II•Uf t.W •• U h Hn • ''"*+H~Ii ' ·--.,:~- ,: '!

'·--~f 1tn•lhU"-'l \'t, UN&UIAI. &11o4t•44 of UMJU&tl U, ' . ~; '' ... -~ "': -· prclu~rllt. \~Me, ~~"tU, My to. ll'K L.., co ci\.Ml Me i~~<"•'"* ..

- "-'("'

.:.; pn,fontaa dtatn h th.lt tt h Jtpu, r~Ac Ja,." Nit t.ufl "rll• . -~ ~ • · "lli&•IIJIDiiuaetona 1111117" •ncl bun' t r~Mln..S tOMrhlna ot~ly !If til• ·.:. ~y

.'PUt, •• Vat clur ~when 111 or the etudtnt dnonttrttlotlt

in 1111 Septeche~, 1985 ngalntt Japaneta al1Jtar1a•, and what

atUllonta actual17 tor.oed the "lnvuion" of China by Jaranue

consumer goods, JJXI:II!!JB•I!' In l98ti, the demons tra tlont vere

not openly directed against Japan.- Yet th~re ia no doubt that

part of the turmoil was on that Qame question of milttarlzation

as· U.S. was encoursgirg Japan to violate its 01m Constitution

a~d militarize itself. What Re11gan called ha,•ing sufficent to .

• I' ••

.... ·

:, ·-· . -;·

•

.. ,· ..

,;.

.\t" }!

-~.· ..

··-'.') _.,. ' ..

~; -: .... ..

&db totf<tt'II'UU .. ~ ~~-. 11U lf1 wl\ H,_.,,.lu, "'"":t~fl!IJ fff

...,.,hUl.tl It•..,~·, I~> htt •~• &~~..-tu tht t• llill4U6IIl t..lt

~Mit.lttf to 4o vllh M-«tllf<t rd~*'''* « n•ullt4 lllctlltct!Hlltt~.

1~ ~t7thln1 co ~o w&c~ ,~ old ca~'tal/lab4r rtlAtloot, Politte•

h.i• nott.a.._ to Jo vuiot rrl"'" rra.!• trudl'lft and .,.....qth!na to do

v&th fonl1n atfatrc, Aad noot, ...-.n rh• Jtpcnut ~tho han had

kuu r<~porta, han 10 w.~ch •• bruthed a vot4 tbout the anti-

Japaneee fteltna in tho 1985 dtaonttrationa as&lntt Dent'• op<~nlngs

to Jtpan, Abovo o11, it did not and in 1985, It definitely h••

condnuld into 1986, and ie no ti()Ubt re:uinin;;, not c:erely aa au-

called renveng1sm or any kind of chauvinism, but anti-militari~atiou,

anti-war, in Japan Mod in China itself, and all of that impinging

on so-called foreign affairs, specificaliy , ev~n Deng, who signed

the so-called new peace treaty,is backing off a little not only

from Japan but from the u.s. Whether that has anything to do with

the restlessnaas in the army, which is also related to the so-called

modernization, as well as the near-civil war, occurring between Mao

··and Lin having been not "treachery" or what they 'called illicit . . . ~/

.. relations with a !1oreign~, meaning Russia, but Mlio's .rolling

out the Red Carpe• for Ni~on •. Yea, they want to be against ~oth

. poles .of the super po.wers --Russia and _u.s. ~- but they don't.want

· t.o be considered in the hip pocket of u.s. imperialism 'just because .. they named Russia as Enemy No. 1. ·They certainly'ilair~n't gotten

·;c· from Reagan any ·of the promises they got from Nixon when he sudden;y

decided they were a .big pow~r.

(*c,China' Quarter!{ of 3/86 chronicles and documents the overt, p~~blic . atici-Japanese signs_. P, 195) > .. , ~ •' 'I , ' ' -·-._-:; '-•. . - - - , .. •

,-_. ,, .- '.--

,:,

. --.

: .·- ~ - ..:: ; '··· .---~· ., ·.

• •

. ' : .. ,; '

. •

h ftny •114 Jtatt - to b•.:- \ b1 n.., r•taht&q ll<lch

·ttt trntsnhlp thO! M<~ (u.~~.t••Hr u~nrUy) "'-'• rnty

~thtl Hotl:W, bccOMt the ludtna cancStdne, AncS U that hn1 t

conf11dna enovch, lt unUon. that c;.ora• !lchulu vill bta 1n

Pakina in March.

·.

'•_.'

-,

) ' ;: ....... -

'.'

.. · ..

· .. \.. . ~. i .. ·

··,_::. ?11109 ':;.: . . .

... ;".

,,. . ;_; -~

.·;>~7~·:-; .

. ~:.::-:.: ': ~-

' I

j~ • . · (thC\U!.h eh:-cnolojey wlll become the for111 nt cllrtllin ne1~iod11<.''

tor China otudyh

,~;"\ tie boJ;in with Dec. 19~6 student demonstrations) ·. • r~1'1eat1on in '·· .··

and ita uin,lltuxn Jan. 1987. ., · ··

t::\ ..& did ~ ~~~'~4{~~~~ 1..;;1 To .. so& that the demonstrations XUJt not first y nppur in 19~. V but in the latt quarter of 1985 and, far

from beir~ o~·eformr., they were on foreign affairs; ape­

.. 1\~· cifically Japan, but actu~lly global. Go to the dem~{lstra­~ ~,- ,tions agai~E ~·· kas~' s is it ~to :the. J . ~ ffl-/'fn ;:;-/8

~ shrine and h return all t e way to 193 • o ~v:.~~ii-~~~S:i•.;~S;~~ ~~·. <Q)At that point, i.e. anti-~ilitarism, one has to _ alno consider a very ifferent type of anti-Deng ~~~~~e~ne~lt::~i,rr~·f/;J,{0~~~ ' ... :.: ":K!I'.;;;-.Y

.within the .may actually go b--'· -

·· .. the way"'-to,

:tqJ it up in relationship to technology

. of the army. Actually, it is the wh~le au·esjt;.~ll1~of

. ,',deviationism on war a~d revolution •

. Now .then, let's go to. the· Qhill~.J. ~~~IlL~~:~::~~~~~~~~~ 105 and 106. :from 1986. The most i,

by ;B!\g-fo"u, aU, _of .Ch,i?ago ···,·. ••n,ro~ ........ .., .. ~yh;&~~~U~~ of Deng, (actually writing'

. thari , 2? · .. pfJ; taking ,up th~ •.... •. . .

. · entitle,d., "The Hi~tori:d'''£ ~~!;;', .. n •. "t~.:.c;•:.e.-.•;;.

·~~~\h~ COP, and therafore dso or the leaders.--··~ ,,.,..,.,._ .. \,-~ '- -

en-lai,' Liu Shao-ohi, their selected works._ Th~: JoN~ .. ·.v •. •.··•c.

'that it came after-the 1981 finally historic--s IUI!Imri·Hciri.''9f•\ii}i:S

Maoism which ai£ this year, 1986, ixxkRtxgx~_

revised.

spec~ive in .which Mao is boing viewed~lnes_ · . t~,o~:~.C~~~;~§[~1~~ _ Md ideological study ill order to O~tablish the d'eVI~lOillrtfent

of Mao's (but also other) viewpoint and so

·-·· c~~ses of major historical events]\. sin~a~ Mao.

· - · t, since the annotations ontl'te res'oluti,on ·~(~En~ta

' . ""'::~,:::,:::::~::::• \h> F;~~rt~~.i_~~~.:.;·~~~t~i;J:./.~.6~~-%~h~i~~i~ -- wisdom of the Chinese :communists,-

... ~ :~:~~f?·}.,;7.#:o~' 6/86,.- from. the- Quarterly Ch~'Onicl.e aA~/p6~ql.Sj·::-~::.!•;7~-i;:':;'~iE~~£f~ ::ume~tation Section of the China Quarterly;-.·.

· __ Npw then, so far as the author of the - .. ~ . . ........ · ... .

: Taj-,g tso~, ~is ·cor~cerned, though the Deng collecti0h ,b · ... ... , ..... - . . - .

5in 19';15; he. bgins ft in 1971'-'76 as the first of. the;} · . ' '..: . , . o'.'

.. · ~ril~ial. periods; ·including the Lin. Biao . affair,·. which_ . · . ' :·· ... \ .: . . ·"· ' . . ·. . . ' ~. ' . . . -

.·'lll•nnr•biought Deng .to his greatest power,::;becaus~ what ·~.~·· .. ' . .,- r, -

than the . Army a's' the .spokeman for. ·• . '~- .. . ·.. ·~··.':·.·,::.": -...

With :Dengbecomin/Scliie:t~:r ·_ .. > ·'·. -· ···~·-',:::..-.~·-_.; __ -:·.

o:f the mili tray coininission and. .·· . -- .' .·· ·: ·. . . . . -

, /11'\W. " • 'l2.fh¥d telling sequence, which mcan:::,s_t:.:h::e:.-f::P.......,~""'-~:~~~~;~:t only for all .that has happene this year

begun, .!iRd iliay_ verys.~ell~tn:=tlle ou::fl;er

··---. or management,. but :f'or truly human relations,

· t . . .. intenrnational · · .. · .· . · · . . . · .· ·· n+."'"'""'l, to that was the/question: where to globally? _.· .· · .·_.- , ,

1!i~B\\;ir.::ht:: ia((cmei 'm1er·el··:iJ' •· :•-tb.f.choosi:just ber!;ween ,us and Russia?·~~--- • : , .·.. . ·.

• '·: · .. ,· · ; The latest thmg that. . · , .. ·. -· _ ,-. · · <·· . ---..

:hi::' carg. ~~ _ ~~l~ a wa_s .. ~~r~- Clui~~-.. ~~~~~ --::.~~Tig_. . LJkrr>'1· lk_. ___ ·_ .. · li'ais •. ·th,euiim~moE:l!mE:id: Kyo o new account that Chifla- !tlidaa- cr ... · -~ , ... _'¥~.- • - . . <::·· - ". ._ . -_ . . :. ' - .· --.- ----- - ,- -: .. - .. ·- ·-·--·.····if-··

iver·~::p~rticipating .. :~-.>; ,_ -::·)

.·chi'na said:·'absolutely no; ... ·.· : -•' '·-: . . . ..• ,:· ,._;;;_ -· ·._ ,-_ ·:.. '!.. ~;· . - . '- .

,· ~·\ . so~ebpdy'~ •hriad \vin, ron~ l>:i•">···.:••' ,:;.•, . ' £~')/. '' .·

;~-~~ .L/.

in joint military ma."l.euvers. .· .. ' . ' ., _· ·_ ~.

they ~ere just l~x~hanging greet~ngs~ -· .. -;

Will:, it be Deng' s'? ·

. ... .

. ·: ·;,' ,, .

" ' '"" .

~.i,~f2';~t~ - ::; .. -..,._

<,-· ,, .,;

·means_the •_.-,,

{~}:;·.T·,··?whf:6li)·~~~· just .begu~, a·n·d-"·~i-~~~~~n.a::YiutB~~~~~,,;"";~~; v .·· ~--:~·-:·§anbeseeriin 198} the r.tarx Ge~~i'whelH>

·,by~~ a~cid~nt whatever, w~o~~d~~~~~i~~~e~., . theor_etical articles that bnxgil:txNJ~:x'N:mk what ,I)¢; 'been · .·•

'' '.· 3 happe~ing in the. 1980s, brought.~~· back to the tt6os:, .. '.· ... , ...... r

, w}lenY~~u Yang, who was then the main theoreticiian;un-..

. fu~l~d ·;,t· campaign against Marx's Humanism because :the

1956 .~ur~*arian Revolution wa~ still so very al;ive and not ·

. ~t ~11 cowed by. Mao • s talk of endless contradictions among: · -~-- .-- · ... - _- .· Now. __ :·,: . _

• ·:}ih}~. pe()ple; Mu reapp~:;ar-~ ·as .. .being for lliarx' s Htimansi!]l' : ' . --·- - - -. . ' ' ·- ' . - - . . .· ... .

': ; '

, f~deed; for H;.talnanism, e;;en bo~rg~ois Humanism. Cle~rly; ··.~-

:f.t)e restlessmiss that was being shown,' iri the army or . "_:;_- .·:. . - . .

,~,.-,,.,,•-·~--·,, 13-'!i.orr~s;t j;he P.~asar.•t;ry, _among the youth ,or amone; labor; · ·

wiihili: the lee.dership, or the people in general was not

'foJ:' !U~re exploitative capital/labor relationships; whether .',• . - .-'/

by ·Party,'' or management, but for truly human relations, 1• ' L , t' 1 _·.•_ii ,-- __ . _ ·,- ~m.enrna.J.ona .,_ . __ .- , -

Iri-i;'egral to that _wa:s the/question: where to globally? __ ___ ,_,

-- - ---_ ~ad one m.er(llY to choose jus.t between US and. Russia?

was _ , Russia reallY enemy #1, _ so that Reagan could 6onsider ,, - _ · _----· . _The latest thing that . Ch~~~ his card? Mk# Ch~a was very _quick ab•1Ut denying '

~·'·'r;:"''}:<·c·,:,: ,wfis .. the _il'IJ.mi.m~~md KyOEl\_o n'ew,, account .th.at Ct. ina and .. -,. '·-·. ' --- - _- . '

-:wire' P!irtici:rating in. joint miiitaryma.n~uvers: '· ·. ·.-. · \ ·. ·. ·. . . 1\ ' . . '\1'

cm::m:i!.><>aJLa: .. ~bsplutely no; .. they.· were ·just exchanging greetings. , . . . . '

·"--·-" will roll• "'' .... /

;, [}-lf_ ~ .

Will it .. b.e Deng' s?

., ; '

_:,: "- ·:.:·_:--~-::_

.--\. '"'-.:

;! ..

·_.

._."' •.i ... . _., ... ·· ---

,_:-.

. ~ ; ''

-, ~1 . .' -.r

. Dong·· .. -Is -~ being ousted, or is he doing the ousting? . . .

. The question I asked in" Mao • s Last Hurrah" on the_ golor­

ification of Mao in his last years wass Is Mao being deified

.or ~J~Ummif'ied?" ;Xt Just as that didn 1 t mean that Maoigm ·would .-· .. . ~ disappsar!!!! from China 1 s history • so I don 1 t mean

. ' ' : . tha.~ r.l'eng~a ":t•eforms" would disappear. Quite the contrary •.

'· .. Though very short-lived,: ·and with none of' the _charisma

.•

of Mao~ ·and hardly deserving the name "reform", 1 t does .. mea."l objectively do rati-''Oi!,L'iossive a step towarda some form

of. "mixed ·economy;., i.e. state cnpi taiism, that that win ~ . I

gCY· olUI. What I do mean,= ·h'owever, -- and again just as, ·

th~ qeustion -was posed with "Maos• a Last Hurrah", and . ·

I called Chou-en-lai 1 s speech Maoism without Mao,/this

is exactly what_ we are EK witnessing now,

_ .. , .. jiNSTEA_D after first sen·tence on Deng) Two q~~.t.e .!lif­

fcrent versions have surfaced on what happened at a meeting

between Dang and Hu: one has it that Hu asked Deng to step

· down· no;or instead· o:f' waiting for· the next Congress! that . . ·. had Hu

that so einr~ged Deng that he/removed; the other version since

is "tha:t/the student demonstrations actually were a threat

"to the whole leaderaM.p, and Hu had encouraged them, with . ? . .

. · hls deman.d for poll tical as well as economic "democracy",

that he-.-h~d to sacrifice his apparent choice of heir, Hu. :Bo·~h

S(Bitm vers~ons', and for -~hat matter', all that pollrs - - ·-" .. '" .. .;.

t"i-om China now, :via W&storn reporters who are as

·,.-_ ...

. ~ . '

. ;•

. . -......... ,< •• .,

. ;:

.•

dogritatlc and subjective u in their pragmatimll ~n,ciri~:~'-·fi} ',:./.;}K:,;X~~~~,\{f,:~ ·.• .•. ·.· .. ·· .·· ·· l}20litcal.) .

. of- languagP. 'of ~emocracy' reform ' . .· .· . so-caiied

is really happening .2.r. how it is related to anything else. · ·

· .. that. has happened il!l'.!fii!:II!X the day before or the day a@er;

. No word is mentioned for. example, in foreign poUcy be

it· Russia, Japa11 or the U .• s. Nor is a wordmentiohed ·

on .the students' relationship to other strata, especially ·

the workers, who have been strildng. ·Finally, and that

is most important, both because that dates itself back ' ..

to the near-civil war·and what 'Mao called"thegreat dis-

order under heaven," between himself and Lin .Biao, and.··

bec:aude, whether or not Lin plotted to"aasainate" Mao,

he certainly knew enough to build his own faction, from.

which China is still not without proof, although this is

nearly 20 years later.

F'urthermore, Deng's power begins in earnest at that

very point when 'Lin loses his. Deng becomes chief of the staff of the PLA, Miti~~x2EMmixi»M vice-premier ~£x±kR, that_is, sec0nd

only to Mao, of the Military Commision, and

After he has accumulated all thatpower, Mao makes another

180° turn and casts his vote against Deng, and for what

became the Uang of Four

~ '

The mangers and the Party both dema.nd greater production

'•' ' .. ' ---=:::.-=.::.:___ ____ ...__ _______ __

----------~------.-:----~~----~---------------------·issue of the Manchester Guardian ;:.·.::·:..~.~-----=-=~::: .

. his workforce from 1, 000 to 800, adding "I • ve still got

200 people too many,"

The. second article, dated 1/J.B-19/87; is xll!o:t titled ·

"Deng throws Hu' to the wolves". ""--....;...· -~':"' ________________ ":"' _______ ,_...,.~==-..-·=- ........ ---------

If, however, we turn the clock back to 1985 to see

that the I!estlessness of the students is neither about

· ".student. affairs", or so-caJ.led democracy, or economic

reforms. rather. it is about changes in global di~:ection.

especially the move to Japan. The tremendous demonstrations

that everyone seems to have forgotten about occured in a reaction to

--"

the last quesrter of 1985, and were ~ll:l!llOI!knri Nakasone's ' .

viSit t'o .the Japanese shr_ine of war heroes. Clearly, that re- ·

kindcf/conciliationism, far from being chauvinistitic,

is very inuch like the demonstrations here and throughout

the world against Reagan's visit to Bitburg. Indeed, the China ·

youth d~monstrations in ;ihqa:m:, especially in Tiananmen

Squeare, were in commemoration of the 1931 Japn attack

on Mukgen which opened up the invasion of r.1anchuria, 'rhe

. students' :barmer read: "Down with Japa>ese mili tariam",

•• <. Ai:{.the;e demons"trations continued into December, they were .

against Deng's .--r ' / ', . opening 'to Japan,

''· . ·. , J Quote Ll ·"·'' ,_ .. to his counterpa.J-:-t in Japan) •.

·.JlllS:

-: .

!

FINAL IIRAFT

leadership,

to the rankMand-flle, t~ou;h it ie cleariy over the

question of the succession :i'ihen .Denr; is to remove

himself froni direct leadership tn the ~-l at t.he

·Mao, eveP a1mte the neoar-civl.l war ot the 11L1n ?

Affair" which Mao had designated as "the ,reat dis-

or•der unde.r i{eavan. 11

)la.o not only on the JJXWfilGCiClfJi

2

R~jvol\ltJ9n ~.;. but __ Ch,ina. in _a ~lob_sl

differently, whatever ware the true

Mao-Lin P1ao Mf'air, which

the point that ie. clear a

not..linow, ow of a u .doubt

ts that 1t all happened dec1ded to roll

out the Bed Carpet for

=

~~ e.gclJwt :t.be ;Q!(!~ I's not out of

the question that -·r1sht· ··now {Fab. 1987) b ttz-1- the

question of Fol•eign Affairs is quite a. dec1il1ve issue

(we will retUrn to this later.),

The present ramifications of the Dec, 1986

student de!llOllatrat ions with today 1 a headlines (2/3/87}

will be tolerated but r4t from any ranl!:-and-f'Uaa

who are members, only further beclouds the issue •

.Actually, we need to go fur the;.• ba._ck than December

of this yaart, :lUUaQili r.trst to the final quarter

of 1985 to see what 1t wu that was stirring the.

student demonstrators,

Even tf we 4 cannot divert all the way back

to 19'71 except to ao.y that olea.rly that :Dlll tremendous

crtaea required Mao to accept the reetorati~n of many

of the old organization ~X. leaders, like Deag

whom Chou en -la1 insisted en reinstating in 1973 •

. -_' ,-- ,• .

•,.;· ...

'.·:·· .. . . . .. : .- .. -~·. __ ,:;.:_~_...::;..:::.:__..::__;_.:.~:.;' .. ~··--·

C c.coo~C,o: .·;_·, ····~.;~~;:iJB~!~'i~:;~

~':n~:;;:.~~~eB~ '

rf2~~, 'Jr-t?~v ~" 4JJ4 v & L.71~Q:>. tdzl.~~':"'~''nl'':'icf~';. -. -~~ JJ. ~ rmn_"(_r);~ ~~R~~~)

~ r -·. J I'll Col1.fttltiu_ ~ I y ~ ~-~~lf, The ~~ understanding of' ~ ~ the fundamentals of this

dl.spute ~ "G!Iirtl'la1: r eaH!* obi;. @l!'asped Rehel!IJXU.IDIX

raqulrea a second look 1nto the yea!' l983, not only

because it was the Marx Centenary 1fhen Marx as· a . ' - . . '

totality from 1843-44 o h1a dea·th i:n 1883 w~_ s X!mqj'. ~~<.. " u£4 .. 1'( ;_f. ..ftL G C.P h'e.."'> -.. . · .·. ·

~offielal ··topi.cj'-bt~at 1a a great deal more ·-L...· ~ <t/Ad J, ~~- -~ ~-v immediate to them, Mao se-Tuns Thoughtt~ ~~ ~ a.J.,J,'J J ·t'ao f~J.bat f1llally ~-Lilt~ ..

· . · ·. · -- · ~il"? lq~>~. Ca.uQ..£i v--ttom~tt. Ee o~_ G!:.~qp:p~cr)a summ~'AAP_ ~ --:1\'t..c>~~ dr'Mh..v· ur<fl · I V :... ~=-"'OY!l'. af Mao Tse-Tu~sun · ~ ~

. .M.. ~ .· the .PUblication of the 'lolleoted Works o:r 1-f~c, :ba .. . ..

[~~~~~ "-~.....,and tha s.C.ated Wo>ka or their ""''\ly .

)\JJ Q~1 ~ecogrtzed leader..S Dens, Chou, L1eu Sahao-chi, The

, · \ rf!!:~ ~W'- ~83 PUblbatl.oo of Deng's Selected Works from 197~. _

/ . ~Jlt\~ o 1982 , with the all~too-obvious connotation of~ tiP

\/~ C'~v>5 ?:he Laader must have started ~hole questioning . ttl. ·I /{)l.J,.-f of-~· is to ~ follow Den g. Not just by any ll!eans aJ<R.-

0 ·~ ,.;~;p 11 II

Jt ;tu~ oor1am-ntt1~ economic rerorm of whe.l! s_up,;::osedly

:}\r;'"'~~J<­f;~~*~r~~-

. ,

~·~ fb .-t.~~ .1\JI{ ~-~~.

11119 ... ,~_ ....

Footnote for p. 1, last paragraph after fLrst . ·.··. ,'>.fi\1[

kJ-' 1\ ThLs La not the place to work out :f.iaO'' Thought · ...•... · .. 1 as he trLed t:ransformLng his s.ubst1tution of guerrilla

wafare for proletarian revolution into a new universal, first with the Great Leap Forward, followed by the ohallense to Russia as the head of the international · Communist movement) ' ... E:.y the mid;:.'l960s causing · the great disasters whLoh he called thlh.Cultural RevolpUon 'U~lifll'!'f'q: (1966-71) that waa M.§·• iz'eat . su·bstit~tion of Harx' a ~ revolut1on-1n-'Permanenoe. See the chapters 1 The Challenge of· Mao · Tse-T\ns '. 1n ~and the 1 Cultrual Revclution 1 as well as New Ea.savs. on Post-Mao China: What Now?'

0 ______ ,.. __ _

2 See a+so the Feb. 9, 1987 report ot Vice-

. Foreign Minl;ster Qian Ql.chen, reported tn an Associated Press dispatch of Feb. 9, that Ch1na and Russia had opened discussions on their border ~ dispute.

-----.. ------ ..

excerpted

- . -,;: -

.,•'.

- - • I~, .. ,, . ·-~

_;_ ~ ... '

,_-:J!al·:~

·• ,·<_

illllll creating a,cons_titutional riew

llZWillliiiliiii" was a i:otal -pin·ve~:s,i~~ ... :·

the. head pf 'the Red Army the. bead of the ... . ·- . - - . - ....... - - -.-· - . . . -

cOmrade-in•arnis successor .at that famed nine. heading

i.i, 1969., was the on~.-"f ·~ .. ~~he

Revolutio~ and then destroying :i.t (the. Red · ~tally) · had 'to not just explain bu-r{reveree. the course of

decade of the 1960s.

ft·om Sept. 12; 1971 lLin Biao)

No wondGr it took twc'full years·--

miBiiiil!!'!$1'!1111_ when a Chinese military a~rcraft

.---ria -supposed to hllVG been on and which craehed 'in Ollter >- ' .

.. MongoHa, ·to Aug. 24, 1973 when the lOth National Congres~

of the CCP met and finally._ennounced Lin B~ao by name and

. ,,-_

·gave the official version, in an 8,_ 000 word political· report-:'.

by Ch~u en Lai.

-. ~--

. ·-- . '" ·.;·, .

.. , ... '' ;:•

is that report, is that ......

What is .·of great r,e~ev~l1~e,;;-·-~ '

. . ·' :-

. __ -·, ~ -;

._.:

;···

:i . :·;. -.. -.... (Ei.tiie'r M here;: _o_l: P,e,rh~p~:ll_t th~.ve_~ }at

--~··· ··~-- --~---~---- ··;'"~

the Ne~.- Exp~ndecl version, the foll~~ing

. ' · There, ~s ~o doubt ..ilia te~~n· t:ha t ·, :-·-- .. -. . . .

_ .. ,._,_ .. ,·,•, o;~g~~~fco~hib~tion of Mao wae his ve~y -fi~-:rr-~:a'·t~;-o'c''~;·~,.~'~;~'c_r;",,>,/,;;"1,~i;~~;g . where the. peasant appee~cd mu'ch more au.icessful and

'I : t ·. • ~ • . • · . .,_~;' ., ;; .

. ' 1:

,;:_-._ _wasn't reaily.-thc peaeant, but the Peasai1t ·Arniv·, 11nd it

wasn't the army of a social revolution but Of protracted .

It is thia that brought him to poi1er,

·JUlro'tracte'd, very protr&cted war. Actually iC:meant that ·,_::~----~. ' '·.

once tile first attempt at the revolution in China; 1925-27

had failed, the alternative that Mao came up ~ith~was . ,_ .· ..

· •ao:niy 'that be called, revolutionny, :-,.· ,.;_-· .. - ""'"' ·:? . --. ,; .

'and indeed ·

·.· . ~-·· he e~~'n c-c~il ted. a phil11aophy. of on Prac ~1ce and o~ -Con_t.JractiC:<i:ipli.,:;; • ' . ,. '• - ,,. ··. -· . ~. - -;.- ' . . .

. ;. "'neu idea of EducaTIOn and Propaganda • By th~~nd ' . :-.·. .. - . ' ,)

to ch!lt.lenge Rusaia i tsdf as.

i\"~;-•• < t.: ~ ..

. ·-;,-:;- '·" ·-.\' .,_ .. , ~

:;_;·

.·.-_.--.. .,, .

:.. .. · ;._:' . ~~- . . ~

_, line while the army surrounds the c1_1:1~s .. A·UU_--~wi.~.~>l:;~~~;i~~~~i~~t1~i~r~ . of which he M called the Peoples

-,_ ~

• .. ~u.f:i.~iJsly the fact that not only ~as. that .a.~"'"~··' •• -. < ,--;· .·-~'_:_.'.<:>cc.·····•.•,:.·:·

,but that the Third World would surround all· ·, • G'"

·' win· pow_er ~~rldwide;_ in' a w~rd,. he wa:a ·the

Third World . Peoples War;·

the ~1o ~uperpowera, but it wa~ abstract 'in

.•didn '.t _mean, ·or they didn It take it tO

one ·of. them _as agsinst._.the other. rather,

< co:npl~tely for independence. ·. , . " . .. .

The great sh~ck of a 11 came wibth, th~ ~hat l<'.ao " -.. '.. '".

was releasing bombs on ·the Third World •

out of the red csrpet that brought about<'the 11gct"eat. disorder

. under 'heaven" • The f<:ct that it was by_ no ,i,eans just a

. question of Lin Biao, but a good part of the:oJII whole general

staff of the Army .lj!.tg like•,gis_e reruaved, and that to this

clay lias DPng is continuing with his ~a-called refona~,. ,;ot ·, l:'r.a tionalizing? ·

•only modernizing Weap0:)08 but in H 5 qthe lirmy 0 .

HAAAicU~kAAAAA;k**************************UUAI<

:(Naturally this will all have to be cut very_ sharply)

, but''wh~tl inte~d to do :t!~ at that point, i'! go along' ~ith :the .. · -. ' :· ' .:,~- '. .'.· '· -.~: .. - . . . . . - - - - : ;. ;;_': ' - -. ~ ~·.-. '- ,, '-

. 3~d paragraph of th'e 'lbep.yfpra~ti~e)

Vebruary .1?, .1967

'·!., ·. · '1 hMIL'd 7011 tlloupt th&t you'd vant to find au ooUf.de jpgnal that · .,,ld '111111lt · to. pub.bh !!i7 Cbi~~t~ a-rticle; l dmt' t kDOV llibether yw h.., · aey~Pj ~atl!dn !IIU!Ii, but h:n:e is vlult I tholliht 114 eo lf it •re

~. ceamte_~Z!!! !!'-·! _6!dc0 t cbni;Q ~¥ :tf.i'.od tf I thouihe 'it ~-tt:i.C =eq.tir: . :,. : ~,toO lftM:h :n-or;&n1zattoni

,. •""f . I. i · .. · . ·. . . . .. · .:,, ,_;t· · . If J ,Wn. !nova, the tJ.t!e nw vculd 'ilt1c:OIID a •ub.otJ.tl-i of the lut

· · · S<KticmVlth su entlnly i!ltl¥ title, lib "Wbitbu China!" as t'be title. ·· : !euQ3 tbue liili!UIU e a~c!al. rolAt ia the eoliCept of Youth lu China, 1 ·

felt that I ~141 etst:t 1r!th =-~tr~cs !1!::: :~r fr:w •tw ~iiwi: ~ia­ie.CM!lll !Iotas juat a .-.o!a.~ ph~IQD• tba: YO'itth i'A Cb.lu bavo lil"Hya

·, ·. eti.cipstCNl ;net d!vl.du. Durtoz ~· CultttrGl ll.wolut1o11 it: wu oot the b4 tillla1"4• wf.cb p~ all the ~u- thnt tr411 i:ltportDnt, blat • Utl:b ~~ cdl=! Sb<il4ii WulieD wf.th f.t& tltGsiG 'Whither CbtaaY'

'\· !h#·tt.:;: Ci'. iiGi: I &liiV n"iiGiPQt·c JJOM. of ·the pan&ftpbl OD that sped.ell :cto fl'OIII t11• ad to the keilllllh!J, tte pof.nt f.• that 1))11wt ! wet to l!lid would be the Lin i11W Aff&il'. fllttMIII of am a !oomote,

· iaa .f.t appsan PI'Q51111tly. tlwt 1:ros.:ld ~0!1XI in dinctly after tM aecond ~!~~p&--~-~C:! ~='="=J.d. Vi'G:;;.a~ly c-;;eupy ~-tMs•s that: '1'0\lifi-ciuJ. !11th ~ ce=::;t :f th.; A.""iiiy iu trliiu ZaidoD& 'inought, the iaCtuail~ of t11: Bi= takl113 a hiaalf OU"ioudy •• tho otategilt of tho ao-c:alled hoples liars eunoollltd~d& the citloa, oaly tltiu tilllfl -..ins the tilil'lt \/ot-16 wrroo.mdiq the metropolie. Whea tho 1111iiounct~G~r~~t wae -de to I:M ll:rrl.t&t!on to ~n. ell thf.C£11 fall apart.

I Ibn' t kaw whatho:g I'd In• +uj,p w:at to iievelop another point 1 jw;t f1gulrel! out, ailli that 11 there vae ouo 110ra f!:ctioa fl!ht v.a hava111' t hurd abwt amc~~o the fdl. of Biao and the deoth of Chou a11 J•l. &lld that 111 tbe quite ff.abt lntwllllo Kso aod Chou, which Mao df.d bh but to try

. tO UQ~ ifl the few liODtM loft betlr=tu. thOil' two clestha, So WO had on !eN. tftl&edJ of errors lnctead of c~:r of enon ~- ilua !Wa-feaa m:i! tbe Gaq of lour. But finally CCIIII Dena dur.l Chcr.s ba4 "coadnated,..

:!'::==:!! af c~uii back baU @!lei hurty fr0111 vacation, I'"' beaaat by a bi:l4 ~~~~ bUt 1t11l I hopl) the cold would be sona aacl 1 vuuld come dOitll a weak fNM Vedlihday tQ tha Local. · . __

Youro, /.~