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DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

LUCKNOW

SEMESTER II

PSYCHOLOGY

PROJECT

EFFECT OF GENDER STEREOTYPES ON BEHAVIOUR

Submitted b!" Submitted t#!"

Garima Parakh Ms. Isha Yadav

Roll no. 57 PsychologyHon

B.A.LLB(Hon) r. RML!L"

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I #o$ld lik% &o %'&%nd my sinc%r% &hanks &o

My &%ach%r and my m%n&or Ms. Isha Yadav or giving m% &his #ond%r$l

oor&$ni&y &o #ork on &his ro*%c& and or h%r a+l% g$idanc% and advic%,

-ic% hanc%llor, r. G$rd%% /ingh /ir and %an (Acad%mics), Pro%ssor .M.

0ari#ala or &h%ir %nco$rag%m%n& and 1n&h$siasm2

My s%niors or sharing &h%ir val$a+l% &is2

And my classma&%s or &h%ir cons&an& s$or&.

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INTRODUCTION

G%nd%r and g%nd%r rol%s ar% o di%r%n& &%rms2 #hil% g%nd%r is d%&%rmin%d rom +iology, g%nd%r rol%s

ar% ac&$ally l%arn%d &hro$gh sociali3a&ion. G%nd%r rol%s ar% &h% &radi&ional or s&%r%o&yical +%havio$rs,

a&&i&$d%s and %rsonali&y &rai&s &ha& ar%n&s, %%rs and soci%&y %'%c& $s &o hav% +%ca$s% #% ar% mal% or

%mal%. 4h%y ar% g%n%rally c$l&$r% s%ciic. rigin o s$ch g%nd%r s%ciic s&%r%o&y%s can +% &rac%d +ack

&o &h% +iosocial &h%ory and &h% %vol$&ionary &h%ory, #hich &alk a+o$& &h% d#ub$e %t&'d&(d(a s%& o +%li%s

and val$%s #hich %nco$rag%s s%'$al ac&ivi&y in m%n +$& disco$rag%s &h% sam% in #om%n). In mos& c$l&$r%s

6 %s%cially India 6 #om%n ar% s%%n &o +% mor% comor&a+l% %'r%ssing &h%ir %mo&ions &han m%n. om%n

ar% said &o dislay 8so&9 %mo&ions &ha& m%n $s$ally avoid %'r%ssing or %ar o +%%n s%%n as #%ak. :or

m%n rais%d in &radi&ional c$l&$r%s, a coml%' %mo&ion o hono$r consis&s o +%ing in con&rol o &h%ir o#n

amily and o o$&%rorming or imr%ssing o&h%r m%n. n &h% con&rary, #om%n9s hono$r in &h%s% c$l&$r%s

may consis& o conorming &o r$l%s o mod%s&y and ai&h$ln%ss. In s$ch c$l&$r%s, childr%n as yo$ng as

&hr%% ar% a#ar% &ha& %mal%s ar% mor% lik%ly &o %'r%ss %ar, sadn%ss and hain%ss, and mal%s ang%r;.

G%nd%r s&%r%o&y%s can +% s%%n %v%n in &h% &oys &h% childr%n ar% &radi&ionally %'%c&%d &o lay #i&h.

4h% inl$%nc% o m%dia in r%inorcing g%nd%r s&%r%o&y%s &oo canno& +% ignor%d. In childr%n o an

imr%ssiona+l% ag%, %'os$r% &o s$ch s&%r%o&y%s mak%s i& a ar& o &h%ir cogni&iv% roc%ss and &h%y &h%n

+%gin &o #ork in lin% or agains& &h%s% s&%r%o&y%s. I& o co$rs% d%%nds rom %rson &o %rson #h%&h%r

&h%s% s&%r%o&y%s mak% &h%m rigid in ollo#ing &h% social norms or r%+%llio$s. % g%n%rally &%nd &o divid%

&h% #orld in hal 6 mal% and %mal% 6 and s$os% &h%m &o hav% m$&$ally %'cl$siv% &rai&s. 4h% r%ali&y is

&ha& &h%ir &rai&s $s$ally ov%rla, +$& )e'de( *#$&(i+&ti#'cr%a&%s an ar&iicial ga and a s&rai&

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

GENDER, SE- AND SE-UALITY GERDA SIANN

4his +ook ini&ially oc$s%s on :r%$d9s sychoanaly&ical &h%ory and d%scri+%s #hy i& is r%l%van& in &h% s&$dy

o g%nd%r s&%r%o&y%s #hil% also s%ciying i&s shor&comings in giving a holis&ic ic&$r% o &h% %%c&s o

s&%r%o&ying. I& mov%s on &o d%scri+% ho# s%'

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HISTORY

In &h% as&, &h% a&riarchy #as a dominan& amily mod%l. 4hro$gh &h% ag%s m%n hav% +%%n consid%r%d &o

+% inancial rovid%rs, car%%r

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STEREOTYPING CHILDHOOD

Psychoanalys&s ar% r%gard%d %ss%n&ialis& in &h%ir vi%# o s%' di%r%nc%s. 4his is +%ca$s% &h%y lac% so

d%&%rmining an inl$%nc% on &h% irs& %# y%ars o li%. G%nd%r id%n&i&y and g%nd%r a&&ri+$&%s ar% i'%d in

&h% $nconscio$s in %arly childhood and con&in$% &o %'%r& &h%ir inl$%nc% &hro$gho$& li%. Ho#%v%r, &his is amis&ak%n vi%# and %mirical s&$di%s indica&% &ha& %rc%&ions in &h% %arly childhood rar%ly d%&%rmin% &h%

la&%r sychological d%v%lom%n&. A n$m+%r o s&$di%s hav% sho#n &ha& d$ring %arly childhood &h%r% is a

d%v%lom%n&al s%C$%nc% in childr%n9s alica&ion o &h%ir kno#l%dg% o &h% s%'

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%s&a+lish%d in %arly childhood. M%ssag%s a+o$& #ha& is aroria&% +as%d on g%nd%r ar% so s&rong &ha& %v%n

#h%n childr%n ar% %'os%d &o di%r%n& a&&i&$d%s and %'%ri%nc%s, &h%y #ill r%v%r& &o s&%r%o&y%d choic%s. 5

A$&hori&arian ar%n&ing &%chniC$%s #o$ld r%s$l& in &h% child +%coming incaa+l% o &aking d%cisions on his

o#n and #o$ld +% d%%nd%n& on a voic% o a$&hori&y. H% #o$ld lack son&an%i&y. B$& &his #o$ld no&

g%n%rally r%s$l& in r%+%llio$s +%havio$r +y childr%n.

A longi&$dinal s&$dy o$nd &ha& ad$l& h%&%ros%'$al +%havior co$ld +% r%dic&%d rom g%nd%r

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THE MEDIA INFLUENCE

B%or% going in&o ho# g%nd%r s&%r%o&ying in &h% m%dia a%c&s +%havio$r, i& is n%c%ssary &o di%r%n&ia&%

+%%%n g%nd%r and s%'. /%' is +iologically d%&%rmin%d #hil% g%nd%r is &h% socially cons&r$c&%d id%n&i&y

&ha& is a&&ri+$&%d &o a %rson +%ca$s% o him or h%r +%ing mal% or %mal%. 4his socially cons&r$c&%d id%n&i&y

+%gins &o a%c& +%havio$r onc% i& is in&%rnali3%d. M%dia lays a consid%ra+l% ar& in &h% roc%ss o

in&%rnali3a&ion +%ca$s% o i&s a+ili&y &o r%ach a larg% a$di%nc% in a shor& &im%. According &o anadian

comm$nica&ion &h%oris& Marshall McL$han, i& r%inorc%s &h% s&%r%o&y%s &ha& &h% soci%&y &radi&ionally

a&&ri+$&%s +y shaing %ol%9s oinions, a&&i&$d%s and +%li%s (;DF). 4his a&&ri+$&ion $s$ally &ak%s lac%

according &o &h% vi%#s o &h% dominan& gro$ and i& is &his vi%# &ha& &h% m%dia %r%&$a&%s. :or %'aml%,

&h% h%g%mony o &h% mal% ov%r %mal% has +%%n ins&i&$&ionali3%d +y &h% dominan& gro$ and &ho$gh &h%

di%r%nc% +%%%n &h%ir rol%s is v%ry small &oday, &h% m%dia %r%&$a&%s i& +y oc$sing only on &h%

di%r%nc%s. As a r%s$l&, &h% r%l%c&ion o &h% r%al #orld is incoml%&% and dis&or&%d. Al&ho$gh %ol% ar%

a#ar% o &h% $n%C$al r%r%s%n&a&ion o c%r&ain social gro$s in mass m%dia, i& is hard &o r%main o+*%c&iv%

and ins%nsi&iv% &o i&s inl$%nc%.7omm%rcials ar% &h% vas& so$rc% o g%nd%r s&%r%o&ying, +%ca$s% &h%y ar%

ada&%d &o &h% s%ciic, %i&h%r mal% or %mal% &arg%&, and ar% 8&h% r%l%c&ion o &h% r%cii%n&9.

Adv%r&is%m%n& &%'& con&ains dominan& and #%ll kno#n charac&%ris&ics o &h% r%ali&y. 4h%r%or% s&%r%o&y%s

ar% v%ry o&%n $s%d in &h% comm%rcials as on% o &h% mos& o$lar &%chniC$%s o %rs$asion. Ho#%v%r,

&h%y d%scri+% s%ciic gro$s in r%la&ion &o &h% #hol% r%gardl%ss o individ$al di%r%nc%s. :or %'aml%,

m%n g%n%rally adv%r&is% cars, cigar%&&%s, +$sin%ss rod$c&s or inv%s&m%n&s, #h%r%as #om%n ar% sho#n

ra&h%r in &h% comm%rcials #i&h cosm%&ics and dom%s&ic rod$c&s. 4h%y ar% also mor% lik%ly or&ray%d in

&h% hom% %nvironm%n&, $nlik% m%n, #ho ar% sho#n o$&doors.In cosm%&ic comm%rcials, on% can o+s%rv%

mainly &h% r%s%nc% o v%ry &hin ac&r%ss%s, #hich can l%ad &o &h% ass$m&ion &ha& only &hin #om%n can +%

+%a$&i$l and h%al&hy. As a r%s$l&, many %mal% r%c%iv%rs all in&o &h% o+s%ssion #i&h &h%ir #%igh&, #hich

can hav% n%ga&iv% %%c&s. 4h%r% ar% a n$m+%r o mal% s&%r%o&y%s as #%ll. :or ins&anc%, mos&

adv%r&is%m%n&s or&ray &h% 8r%al man9 &o +% a&hl%&ic, s$cc%ss$l and ro%ssional, #i&h a +%a$&i$l #oman

7 Malgorzata Wolska, Gender Stereotypes in Mass Media. Case Stdy! "nalysis o# t$e GenderStereotyping %$eno&enon in '( Co&&er)ials*, +Krytyka.Org, -anary 211/Jh&&=KKkry&yka.orgKg%nd%r