'.'

. ....

."'y'."~

'~7..'

.,

...

20/05 2005 12: 4 '(..J"AX 911 9764006 FFS CHLOORKOP -+ BARBARA ~001

Research Note

Effectiveness of Low and ffigh Tar Acid Creosotes asDetermined by Stake Tests

......:.".".

P.F. Coetzee, G.S. 'Vermaakand P. QuinnSouth ifjricatt. FMeStry Resetl'l'Ch Institute. Pretoria

ABSTRACT

OPSOMMlNG

DIe f'esvltate tIC2nveldtoetse met lae en hoe teer.suur be'(JQ.tte1'Ulek:reo,fote (ho/!

temperatUUf'- en lae temperal.uv:r kTecuoot). wat uilgepla.as is sedert 1952, tJJ01'dbeskryfD/1IJ.Tis gevin.d dtzl die hotrJeelMid. mfUlu WIlt oon/istilleer bo/urnl jj'OC verband hm~

met die efJektiwiteit um die kreosote. en nie tlie tipt! prosesse wn tJeT'V()(1.rdigingvan

~ R:reost)tll me. Die byvoegirtg mn Pep. kopemafta7UU1.t en lOo;;, 5.ynthol was(J.~til(eoue by kTeo$Qot wrbeter die verduursamingseieruMppe tUn die olie.~.

~ toxicity of South African high temperatUrecreosore, obtained from 1scor. compared favourably withthat of ~n.- from America and Cermany as ner.-rminPdwith cbe agar-block method by Van Wyk & Verwoerd(1938). ::.

Duncan & Richards (1951) tested the 1S ~u.o;edin tbe 1948 co-operative creosote project in "theU.S.A. with Lentinus lepideus in soil blocic teSts. -nU-es-holm were higher when the blocks were weatbered. Lowresidue creosote as a nUe gave lower rhresbold retell.tions than high.residue oils.

PERMANENCE

Teesd3le (1911) treated wood 'Withd.ifferc:ntfcacdonsof higb temperature creosott: and subjected the treatedwood to volauutiOD tests. The average 105$of the dif.ferent fractions was 3 times higher than the loss of purecreosote in treated blocks. He concluded that the lessvolatile fuJ.OOODSof creosote tend to seal the outer (tillsof tbe wood. which prevent volatilzation of the 1igbrermorC'tOXicol1sfrom the interior of the wood.

49

The 1977 results of stake tes(Swith low and high car acid content creosOtf'S(hi~htc:mperature and low tcmper.ltUl't creosotes) placed sint'.e 1952 arc given. It wasfound that me atn.OUnCof the residue with boiling remperatures higher than 35!)o(': i!icorrelated with the paformance of the pure creOSOtes.iTTeSpectiveof the proces..~csused in producing tbe creosotes. The addition of PeP. copper naphtbanat<' as weIJas30% Synthol waxy Dj] increases performance when compared with pure creosote'S.

"'0'

.".:'

"

....',:,....'.

...

INTRODUcnON.

The perfonnance of a certain creosote when usc:dfor wood .pf't!;eIVatioD is influenced by many factors.~peciaIJ,,: (i) retention and distribution in the wood;(ii ) properties of the wood for instance size. ~.hape andcdl Structure which effi:ct 1055of pR:5etVati~ and (ill)t"xpoS\lreconditions including soil type. rainfall and thedeteri.ontion O1:ganismsat tbe exposure site. The physicaldiscillation r~ which influences toxicity and permanenceof a CT('O!;Ote.is also imponant and can more easily becontrOlled by specification authorities.

TOXICITY

Reeve (1928) added soll,1ti<mSof distillatioD frac-tions of high temperature- (low tar acid) creosote tosawdust fOT toxicity tests. He found that the fractionbetw~n 2800C and S200C to be the mOSttoXic to wood-dt:SD'Oyingfuugi.

*High tenspo!l'ature~fe$ bve a lowtar acid conrmt ,.)We~tc:mperatw'e,lowtensperatute aud ~ obadroed&0= the Lurgipsificadon, CODAmhigher;ar acid WJW:Dts.

SUu).AFRIKAANSE BOSBOurr.oSKRIP Nr. 104 MAART 1978

small losses by ~on. Leaching caused a marked ~~...c::~ in cotnpo&ition of an the c::reosotesbec::anseof a ~~;drop in the tar acid content; h.oweverthe tar acids ~~~~

content reached a fiual concentration which was little <~~affected by funher leaching. .;~

Thixotropic properties of creosote obtained from a '.~~~modifu:d Lu ;f;;cation of brown coal. which could ~~(.-01- & '7.'~reduce the 1OS5CSthrough drainage and bleeding of :;~

creosote poles under service conditiom were reponed by "::JJohanson (1962). He also memioned that laborarory decay .\tests indicated DOdifference jn the preserving capacities ..:.:

of creosotes originating from bitmninous and brown ;t~. B

The addition of SO%SynthoIwary oil to c:n:osote iobtained from. a Lurgi gasifler, retaIdc:d water absotption .~~

In ContI1lStto the somewhat inconsistent results of and creosote lass in laboratory tests (Brink. 1977). .SlaboratOIy tests. field te6t5 have generally shown that the . Krogb (1966) stated that creosote obtained from '7-high-boiling oils are more effective than. the low boUiug -'me mgbt~tU~ car~ti'"'oii'o,fc:~Fs~'G[4;giveOlm ~~ "-'~'--:><" Ii-N."""""-

--~- ~'-' f -"8""""'~

-- C'. red. ',' --,-5et'VIcei ves m;,excess"~ ,,'j",E:yca,rs ~or corc~~"] trea

Colley, Henry, Leutn" &:Stasse (1962) """,",,.ri7Ad poles. while creosote obtained from processes otherthanthe results of the 1948.co-operati\'e creosote test on *. high temperature carbonizarl:ii WOU19'1a5t..o~a~uf15inch stakes exposed in four test plots. Contrary to the . ~~-""f.Funher discussion on this sta~exnent will be givenresults obtained by Duncan at Richards (1951), the 'later.effec:tiveDeS&increased with iii$f't"JI",rionresidue.. The best

ped'onnanc:e wallobt.Uncd by a 70/30 mixaQre of YnedDnn.residue creosote and a heavy rc:sidwUpetroleum.

Later results on the co-operative creosote projectSof 1948and 1958in the U.S.A. reported by Hartford at5;:olley(1974), showed that distillation ~ and in earn-'~~?~11~"S55og;~~~"f~J~~~~

.;iWi~"perro~~~. The perfoImaDCewas howeverpoorwhen SO%coal tar was added to high temperature creo"sote.

l...eutria(J964)summarizedthe resultsobtainedtrom*.i,ncbsouthern pine stakes in the Gu1£port test plot andcoRcluded that "at comparable :retcnacms the highestdistilling oil generally gave a better perl"mmam:e". Inpdjvidual fraCtions showed an increase in petformana:: withboiling temperature except thac cbe 2850 - SSO"Cfrac-tion wasmor.eeffectivethan the.5S0D- S75°Cfnction.

In Britain Smith (1970) showed that ~ is a ten.fold differenre in the rate of soft Totdecay in hard,.oodsneared with c:reosoar:swhen the 1"e$idnes~ .!lbove315"'C ranged from 11% to 55~-;7~~:

ffdeC:reased'iasthe 1.-Jv..'1;;;'w"fiiCti-~~~ Con' ",". -- ,~~., on.,",., . D'a%Yto the AmeriCan niSUits. DOsuch eofrelation was foundfor treated softwoods.

The p-i~ of South African high ~CJeOSQteand its co rira-n.. fractions med to ~Pinus ratli4ta was determined by Lo5cby &:Krogh (1944).Afu:r tive-and.a.ha]f yean exposure to ~~bcric ~n.~dieaDS the creosote lcISIuvas.47%..~~Of ~

~-:'..;'~:~~'=~'~kJ:~=~~'~Loseby &;Krogh also obServed that the fractions

distil~ing above 31~ac gave. the, bes:J::4t~n. ~~.~tcnmteS for wood 1Il~~Ct ~~~"_:~'supted

$~~~~;:;' ~~,eoonir~Diof25%~~.

STAKE TESTS

HlGB T ACIDCItEOSOTES

Bland (1944) detennined the comdation betweenthe boiling temperabUe range with leaching and evapo-ration losses of Australian. ~caI xetort c:remotes d-

pregna= into wood. High boiIiag creosote sbowed only

so

To screen pTeSe1'Vativesand to deten:Dine optimumtetentioDS fOT treated wood in contaCt with the soil

under South African co~tions. two field l.e$LplOts. oneat PienaaT's River, t1CaI' ~oria and the other at

Knmfontcin, near Knyma were laid out (Krogh, 1948).Coaton (1947) described the spedcs of wood-eating

termites found at Pienaar's River arJ.l Van 4er lWest.huizen (972) described the wood rotLiat, fungi 1I.~~ckingstakes at Kruisfontein where virtually)~!) termi.~ attackoccurs.

The stakes placed at the test sites are round youngPinus pattllo. stubs of 45 cm X 75 nun - 100 mm anddUn stakes of ~ sapwood of 45 ern X 21)mm X25 mm of the same species,

Grading is done by determiniDg the percenrage crosssectional deterioration of a stake in the radial direction,usuaJIy at or below grouDd level. The criterion of failureis taken at 50% radial wastage.

The: average annual raiDfall for the two sites are590 mm and 960 nun for Pienaar's River and Kruisfon.

rein respectively. The:;oil type at Pienaar's River is a redsandy-loam and at KJ:uisfontein a dark n:d. clay.

'The results of the JIIDI1U}'!FebIwuy 1977 inspectionof all trials with creosote and creosote mixtUreS placedsince 1952, are given in T~bl" 1 while the physicalc:hara<:teristics of the oils U$ed.for testing are given inT~ble 2.

SOUTfl APRICAN FORES'f8.V JOURNAL No. 104 MARCH 1918

20/052005 12:48FAX 011 9764006 FFS CHLOORKOP

{. .':<'i~~i1~~;J,}!~F"<) DISCUSSION AND OONci.USlO~f~:i".~.,.:-.

.

~

,'.::

.~,

r-.

:t

~:

.:f;

':~

>~:.;;:, ,~"".

~~1:":-J.

.~~

'.rt~~..:~;~::

If~,~... :, .

J. The created stUd eICpOSI!d.in me cky $Onat K:ruis.fonu:in (higher rainfall area) sbow ~ more deu:rio-rat;o't\ t,han the treated stakes' at:,tlte\i?~'s:River.ter-.' ,.' "

mite exposure site. It is funher t~.:'i:o.note thatthe luger round stakes are outpCTformed'bY the..25 mmsquare stakes.

2. The high tar acid cn:a;oce (SasoJaeosore) ~gctJeT'any favourably with the low tar :acid crcosol:eobtained from beor, especially in the round stakes atKruisfontein. This is quite conuary to what Krogh (1966)stated earlier. Jobannesburg Gasworks low tar acid creo-sote however gives the best results.

3. The addition of PCP. coppa- naphrh"1UIte and 30%WaksoJ K (Synthol waxy oil) increased penOI'DlaDce'Whencompared with pure creosote.

4. The addition of 80% Pegasus Furnace Oil A did noteffl!ct the perfOtm<UlCeof the 5 Cl'e05otc:sin the stakesplaeedin 1957.

5. Addition of high temperature tar to the low taracid cr(:()sotesgenerally cause a marked redUCtion in theperforro.ance of the creosotes. w1nle no general ncndcould Ix: observed for the addition o£low temper.ature tarto high tar acid cn:osore. Difficulries with peoeaation oftht"'tar-containing creosores acca\tuates the disadvantage'

of tht: use of these oils. :~6. The amount of the residue with boillng-tem~~

higher than 555°C is closely corn:lared with the perfor. ~manceof [he pure creosotes, irrespe<;tive of the pr0CC5-~~ used in p~ucing the CI'e05OteS. m~

~

-+ BARBARA ~003

cnosote 0&. Correlation of t)oUiug~ with leadling lOIM:Sand elwtgcs in compo&ltivn.J. COllA.$<:tlltll.in<!.Rei. .twt.17(4),274-Z88.

BRINK.A.. 1977.er-re as a woodpnxrraIi¥e wiIhapecia1m~ID creGIIOIe mi:ItuRs fl'OlD ~ g:ui&er=.To be publi5bcd iDWood, SDtIlMrnlifri=

COATON. W.G.H.. 19(.'1.The Pi"""",,'1 River c:omplextIEwood.eating=miI.l:s.J. ml. So~.Sth...IJfr.lX. lSO-177.

DtlNCAN. e.G. .1tRlCHARDS. e.A.-. 1951. 1!.vaJuaciugwoodp~'vativl:sby miI-bIcodr.rests..t. ~ PrtN:..fWP.A 47. %'1S-Z87.

COlLEY. k.H., HENRY, W.T.. l.Et1IRfI'Z. J. /I; STASSE,H.L., 1962. The 1948 ~p"r.uiYC crI:OIIOtCproject: ~.inc:hsrUe tlC:Sl$.Proc:.d WPA 58. 181-208.

HARTFORD. W.1t. &COLLEY, RB.. 1974. Enludonofdw ".inch CttC60tcd _lie tesa it! the l!l4a and 1958 co-oper.acive~ "top by Eht "paformaJICC: in6ex" c:onc:ept. Proc:.AWP.A ?\). -t,!-73.

JOKANSON. R.. 1962. Brown coal w CROtOIe as a woo6 preservalM.C.S1ROFor"t ~ts NnwW<tltd No. 289.

KROGH. P.M.D.. IM8. Tbe cvmpandvc ~ of p~ Utwood ~ to ==(£11 and d«:t.,.J.S.,d.F. NI. 15. 44-511.

nOGH. P.M:O.. 1966. Use of ehcmic:a11)'imprcsnatcd woodeD po1ca.Fo=t Research Imba.ate. Dep~ of Formry. PrI:toria.BtJlstin No. 41.

LED'l1UTZ.J.. ISM. nQl; dccadr:r;a£ ~ of woodprrscnaDvetin Rakes iA outdoor U!:Kplots. Pro~. .tWP.t eo. 150-1".

LOS£$Y. PJ.A. .1t~'P.M:D~;'i~~ peni=s= aDd 1A!:t-mire J'CSistaDCeof creosoteami ill const1tUcntfrlC:DoDS.J.S. 4ft.FVT.A~. 11.%7-'2.

REEV:£. C.s.. 1928. The ciele:rminationof the tcWc:ityof woodprcsc:zqU-. Proc. .IJWPA19%8.4%-50.

'. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

SUJD-AFRIKAANSEBOSBOUTYDS~ Nr. 104 MAART 1978

.' .. ..,........ ...- .. .... . . . . -4'11.'11:

.,>

TIfJlLE 1: CondititmDJ14'&11tmd .srJI(d1scmpllls (Slakes)ted. UIiIndiJfent trllosot§ ttl sinee 19,52,at PienaaJ-'sRiwt (tnmitl:$) and.

KT1li:Ifrmtm (/tPfgzJCoIIditiODBnt

:1,

lan.. - Fe. 1977,

j :I 1J.at J:i .§. .. .. - e ... '"Z ., t: i g... QE'a. ]- '5. e.; =11

..Abaorpdo E-l lJ E E a Cl bit::; "

'D:I :I .. inkg/m U .. t ;;.5.. 11 i -E e .-a. Ci ... ... .,11 Cl 0 0

i ! .s .x.. .2. .ft. 3l. ti 6 6 .:.: ':5 k..Q I"' atM !:. !!l- e. 2: Mu. M'm.. Av. 2: 2: < 0 <.. 3"

'1. 2/52 300 Briti>:hhigh tar acid creosote: T S 16 7 61 124 16 - - 12.8T L 16 226 114 166 15 - ... 7.0

j5/52 296 F S 16 159 64 101 14 1 118 14.3 iF L 15 242 9<1 149 12 - - 7,32/52 - Untreated COPtrOU T S 8 - - - 8 8 9 - . i

T L 8 - - - & 8 9 -5/52 - F S a - - - 8 8 49 - i]

F T. a - - .. 8 8 29 -X. ID/52292 lseorcreosote. T S 8 224 H2 177 8 5 166 38,! .

?T L 8 245 182 191 8 5 280 26.04/58 F S 8 210 1S6 166 S 2 210 21.5

Jt L a 290 ISs 207 8 7 199 Z5.0 7!

Suo1creosoteb'. 1S. 10152 292 T S & 196 142 In 8 - - 14.4 ,

4/53285 F S 8 1116 142 171 7 - - 15.0 .i4. G/SS 260 lseorcreosote T S 8 196 136 162 8 1 260 18.6 J

T L 8 229 152 162 8 6 20S 15.04/56 249 F S 8 176 12:. 157 8 1 206 lU 1

<!F L 8 215 128 161 8 7 131 55.0 iI6/55 Untreated Qlutrols T S a - - - 8 8 22 -T L a - - - 8 8 11 --1/56 S a - - - 8 8 59 -

F r.. 8 - - - 11 8 49 -. 12/55 254 Sasot c:n:osote: T S 32 237 115 161 S2 - - 8.9 .

T 1- 52 224 125 178 82 - - 10.9 J4/56 249 F S 3% %6i 112 162 82 2 193 9.7.. L U 219 118 169 2 17 165 51,0 .

l.';J. ,;I6. 12/55254 SasoIfar prime: T 5 16 176 78 118 1! 1 U4 12,9 !

T L 16 iI05 Jl2 156 9 3 158 :),8,.'>

4/S6 249 F S 16 159 78 114 15 13 176 6.7 ,"F L 16 232 10$ 152 11 9 177 1.4 :f;..

7. 12/55 %54 70% SasoIc:n:osott:+'

T S 16 264 129 l74 15 . - 7,5 .*30% Saso1 WOprime T L 16 228 150 182 12 - - 8.6 :

4156 249 F 5 16 295 129 169 16 1 m 9.5F 1- 16 228 106 181 15 7 168 ]7.2 .j

8. 12/55 251 60% SiIIOlcreosote;- T S 16 213 125 158 16 - - 8.S

::!10% Suo! tar prime T L 16 254 151 1'11 11 I 80 !.1 .;4/56 249 F S 16 213 129 150 15 S 162 10.8 aF L 16 236 114 162 11 8 184 13.8

":i9. 12/55 SO%Sasolc:rcosore or T S 16 237 W 177 16 - - 5.9 i

50% Sasoltar prime T L 16 265 1%0 165 18 - - 6.1 J4/56 249 F S 16 250 115 176 15 - - 9.1.JF L 15 285 110 161 15 12 172 15.0

:110. lIiS7 239 Iscor crc:osoa: T S 8 180 132 154 8 - - 4.8 .1T 1,. 8 199 143 174 ., 2 179 14.2 -i:4/57 237 F S 8 190 119 155 8 - - 9.4 IO.O F L 8 254 140 178 8 6 142 4.0

:111. S:57 239 70% bcor creo5Ote+ T S 8 193 125 160 7 - - 6.3 J.

9.5 30%Iscortar (,rime T L 8 208 ]%5 IS! 5 - - 9.5 .,t4/57237 F S 8 210 129 164 8 - - !S.11.F L 8 111 122 146 a 8 145 -'-i

52 SOUTH AFRICANPORESTRY JOURNoU. rJo. 104 MARca 1978 .f.;

l

i

20/05 2005 12~49 FAX 011 9764006 FFS CHLOORKOP .. BARBARA I4J005

Condilion as litJan. - Feb. 1977

i ] '0

§v 0

] t!E,; .§. .. t: g. -.. tJ is I!! ';; Cl.;z: Cl .. 11 ..

0" .01eI "5- iL '" ".. .", s e -a.

Absorption t ]- a" v::.9: Cl .. B c:I'i !!bGidv Cl e :g in kg/ms..

1 1.\ .. .. ... .. J::.. .. u 0 ""t "So ,.,1

... 'Q ';; E *... s " 0E id .i!. IS ,; 0 ,; ... . El

i= Pracrvaliile e. d 7- Mu. Mio. 4.v. 2: 7- 'o <12. SI57 259 60% 1Jc:o C1'C:OIIOb: 0t- T S & 190 1!16 153 3 - - 5.8

iO% ItI:ortar prime T L 8 191 U9 141 5 2 170 2.54/57 Z37 F S 11 196 122 150 8 1 193 12.5

F L 8 190 128 144; 8 8 159

la. S/57 259 70'%Iscor= + T s 8 1&9 W 147 11 - - 8.8SO%fumace oU. T L 8 196 152 161 8 1 2!9 22.1

4/57 257 F S 8 166 115 145 8 - - 15.6F L 8 271 128 169 8 5 147 30.0

14. 5/57 239 is % Isc:orcreosote+ T S 8 176 12S 148 8 - - \0.045'Ta f'Q\'II;iceoil + T L 8 174 126 149 8 - - 17.5

4/57 257 10'Tacopp n:sphL1tc: F S 8 166 136 151 6 - - 3.8F L 8 160 124 1'" 5 'I> 189 7.0

15. 3/57 239 47.5'3r,lscorClW$OIe+ T S 8 169 125 145 8 - 16.347.5% fum;u;l!o.' + T L 8 166 125 150 8 - - 17.5

4/57 257 5'Tacopp naphthanaa: F S S 169 lt5 1 6 - - 6.5F L 8 169 In 1'11i 8 5 155 11.7

16. 3/57 239 "7.S% Iso;lX" CJ'1:O'!Qt/>+ T S 8 185 119 163 8 - - 8.8"7.5% fl.lrnKOCOoil+ T L 8 191 155 161 - - 15.6

4/57 237 5%PCP F S 8 183 119 161 8 - - 11.3F L 11 184 IS7 159 8 !I 167 19.0

17. S/57 259 Sasol C>te T S 8 156 119 140 a - - 10.0T L 8 200 116 142 8 .' - 15.6

1/57 2S? f s 8 16S 115 141 8 - - 13,lF L 8 158 115 157 8 4 135 3'1.5

18. 3/57 239 70% Suo1 cri!OIIOte+ T S 8 165 122 138 8 - 9.430 $a$ollowMmp.ur. T L 8 209 122 145 8 1 98 10.7

4/57 237 F S 8 159 115 139 8 - - 11.3F L 8 167 no 139 8 5 146 %8.3

19. 3157 %39 60'TaSilsol_. T S 8 180 119 156 8 - - 8.140%Sa$OlIow temp. tar T T. 8 189 125 157 8 - - 18.1

4/57 !3'1 P S 81 8 0 122 156 8 1 t11 7.9F L S 182 1%3 150 8 5 152 lU

20. 3/57 J!39 '10%:;:"''Il(_re + T S 8 16l! J15 , 8 - - 15.1509\;,;!) Gil T t. 8 20\; \1$ S - - 14.4

4/57 237 F S 8 149 U5 8 Z 168 20.0"1 L 8 !06 120 116 8 2 16% 19.2

!1. 3/57 259 45 % .5,...,! <;rcasabo+ T S 8 204 125 166 8 - - 7.345% Di1'" T L 8 164 16 14S 8 - - 12.9

4/5'1 25'1 10% coppc:rnapbre F S 8 196 125 162 2 - - 1.5F L 8 161 124 142 S I 162 7.9

22. S/57 239 47,5 % S3s01Ct'eOSOteof. T S 8 18'1 119 150 8 - - IS,I*'.5% fumac:eoil + T L 8 185 136 152 8 - -- J'1.fI

4/57 23'1 5% copparnaphWanate F S 8 169 11S 141 6 - - 6.9F L 8 162 184 14'1 6 I 198 14,3

23. 5/57 Z!l9 "7.5% $:dol0'e0S0tc:i- T 5 8 159 115 138 8 - - 13.147.5% £umaeooil + T L 8 181 124 145 S - - 17.5

4/57 237 5% p(;p F S 8 156 115 181 'I - - 8,1F L 8 1 127 143 6 - - 10,0

21. Mi7 !39 Johalmcsburg(Jhb.) GasWorkscreo5Ok'd T S 8 156 115 133 8 - - 20.6

T L S 164 1%0 143 8 - - 22,54/57 2S7 F S 8 142 115 151 8 1 162 19,3

F L 8 155 126 110 8 2 1112 29.2

suro.AFRlKAANSI: JilOSBOt.1TYDSIQUFNr. 104 MAART 1978 5,.,

'1

.... ..-........ . .. ......./

j,Condition as &1 i.

Jan. - Feb.197' .i 1

.{u.IoC ,..

I': <J 0.sJ! c

0 .. EIS .E-t: >

Z ... ", ..i$S''O}'" u u .. .. .... "a. 1S. u u u .... o>C

] S E S is.Absorption

1S. "a- B" u m":j ... ! .. .. E e E .:;1g

..I! . - .. U inkg/m' U ..

"a- 'ea .. "Cl ".-!I .. c -;; - '0 '0 '0 ... .5 x. "

.§.od

0:> :I.... e..... Preservative r:- E: Z Mu. Min. A'i. < '0 "'f:

25. a/57 !!I9 7S%jhb. GasWorkscrCOl'O""+ S 176 H7 8 - U.'

T 8 1%2 -;125%Jhb. GasWorl;scmde T L 8 176 150 160 '1 - . 4.1

4/51 237 mT "i S 8 176 1%2 1-+4 8 - - 6.9 :1F L 8 175 153 161 7 %01 10.0 ',!

1!6. 3/57 !!I9 70%jhb. GasWor"" Ie:+ T S 8 176 152 152 8 -. - 1.61

30%jbb. ('.asWorb tar prime T L 8 181 1!U 158 8 - - 10,6<\1$7 257 )0' S 8 180 136 155 8 1 US 10.'1 /

F L 8 181 1%8 155 8 5 )94 18.3 "

.

T 8 108 160 8 20,0.1

27. $/57 259 6D%Jbb. GasWmb tttCSOtI:+ S HID .. -:4O%Jhh. G3sWorlcstaTprimc: T L 8 166 127 149 8 - - IS.]

i/07 257 F S 8 196 112 157 8 1 211 12,9F L IS 188 127 150 , 4 156 16,5

.;28. 3/57 239 70%Jhb. On Workac:rc:oiOtC+ T S 8 173 129 16D 8 - - 20.1.50% furpace oil T L 8 206 135 155 8 1 !O4 ,9

4/57 237 F S 8 1'16 136 162 8 1 16¥ 13.6 :F L 8 189 134 15-+ 8 2 181 25.0 ...

29. 3/57 239 45%Jbb. Ca$ Works c:1'eO$O",,,""r S 8 1SS 125 150 8 - - 20.0 j

1T L 8 168 1,S1 Hi 8 26.9 ::1- - "

1/57 257 45% fuTnace:oil... F S 8 IS' 115 151 7 - - 5.610'1:.copper naphtbanart F L 8 160 126 142 7 1 %05 U .j

30. 5/'57 9 57:% .Jbb.c..WClIbQ: + T S & 169 169 15() 8 2 199 24,2/5' 237 1'1.5%furnaceoil + T L 11 171 137 150 8 1 192 52.1 :ji

)i5'1:.coppernaphthanau: F S 8 200 125 158 6 - - 8.1

F L 8 161 128 14'1 '1 2 189 20.8 .,

51. S/57 2$9 1'1.5%Jbb. Cas WorlcscnDOrt +J

T S 8 180 129 151 8 - - !S.OoM;? 25'1 17,5%fumac:c:oil 'I' 5%PCP T L 11 185 IS9 152 8 - - 24,4 .

F S 8 169 122 149 8 - 11.9F \. 8 191 152 150 7 - - 16.9

3/57 -Umrc:atcd CODm1 T S i - - - 8 8 1!

T L 8 - - - (I 8 8F S 8 - - .- 8 8 !l2

f L 8 - - - 8 8 35 - i52. 1/61 19a 70 % $3>101creosoo: +

AT S 16 176 119 155 16 - - 9.4 j

!SO,%Synthol wuyoiJ T L 16 2ft 138 199 IS - - 5.&,.

8/6J 190 F s 16 193 125 167 16 - - 7.8F L 16 :!SS ISO 182 JO - - 5,9 .

SS. 1/61 198 50 % Suol crC:OSOIt'+ T S 16 198 15% J64 16 15.0.j- - 1

50% SynthaJwaxyoil T L 16 238 lOt I'1S 15 - - 13,'\ J3161 190 F S 16 237 142 173 12 - - 9.1F L 16 226 134 182 10 1 164 10.5 ;.

:"6/61 Untreated OO1IttoIs T s 8 - - - 8 8 8 -

:)T L 11 - - - 8 8 12 - >.

:F S 8 - - - 8 8 37 - ij-.

S/6l F L 8 - - .- S 11 54 -

.{31. 4/67 118 Sasol ClI:D60te r S .8 :UO 129 170 !i - - 1,9

T L 8 241 159 194 - - - 0,0 .19/67 112 F 5 8 173 152 167 2 - - 1.3 {

F L 8 241 140 191 2 - - 1,3 ..SS. 4161 11S 70% o:rc:osoo:+ T S 8 176 129 157 5 - 2.4 :!

50% Synlholwaxr Oil T L 8 181 121 162 1 - - 0,6 't9/67 112 F S 8 176 132 159 1 - - 1,9

"':4F L 8 232 127 166 1 - 0.6.:,t;..:'.:!i;.::.

54 SOU'nl AFRICANFORESTRY JOVRNAL No. 104 MARCH 1978'j:

ji. ."..

20/052005 12:49 FAX 011 9764006

."

-~

'.-

....

;

. .~

.0:

>

.,

...-~~

-

FFS CHLOORKOP -+ BARBARA

.'

~

jt.

Condirion as ;11

Jan. - Feb. 197'1--0 -0.. "

~ b~ Er; f!~ iIot otE e.. ..'" ~... ...o 1;1cS ci

Z i!:

141 007

8t65

I.u0,110.60.0

1 '1) 16,4- 5,168 16.:161 4.0

4S

~ Iialr creoIOte -~ produced by the high tmJperatw'e c;arboq~Q1'I. or Q)a1by U\tISmth AErit;3n Iron atld St~1 I~usaial C01'pOI':WonLtd. Tms typeof C1"~1Iou.latdy b<;ingprod~ and mltrlcetcdby 1.!top(Pty.) Lid..

b Suo Iaeosote i&a high tar acid =e produ=!in Lurgi psifim, It islalcly beD'lg$Oldas Sakre$ote100by 53501Mutating.Co. Lld,

o The ~troh:um fumace oil wasobtained from the Vacuum Oil Companyor SO\UhAfrica W14erIh~ IIIID').E!Pega.&1ISFurnace on A and had thefollowingphy5ic3Jcharacteristics:

Specific gravity at GOof IGOoFWater and &otimc:m:Saybolt uniVC'SaJviaco!ity at lOOofFl~h poilu

0.863trace42 :seconds1650F

SUID-AFRIKAAN$J; JIOSBOUI'YDSKRIFNt'- 104 MAART 1918 55

j'0

g 8-z;1!IJ

-g.!:: 8g"..-=." .... ;;Q J= Preservative

$6. 11,/6'1Jl8 50% s..""I +50% S:rutholWUToil

9/6'1 112

37. 4/67 118 Sy.uboJ Wl,lx'Ioil

9/67 112

T S 8 180 129 162T L 8 186 159 158

F S 8 190 115 15'1,. L 8 172 U9 1$6

T S 8 169 H9 150T L 8 509 135 178

F S 8 163 JOS 148F }.. 8 93 172

.. I'J I!u

]-Q. ote e Absorption.. It iIlkg/m'.. '-

;:; to ...a::0 A .. dg 7- Max. Mill. Av.

20/052005 12:50 FAX 011 9764006 FFS CHLOORKOP -+ BARBARA ~008

..'~.'i-,1I

-I

..TABLE Z: ftcal t:haractuistiC8Dfth prUmlltUws Diitillabonr..- /'rucmrlM s,.djic T. :110- 213- :ro- )1$- titiY. Tof.rt Cd. TJ)lwt" w............ poWt}2111"C 'oc no'c JUOC ,,,.c 1Jb rmt/uI iPUl>lBbkIUlJIfHf &&IU/2.DGC l1'OC

.1" % % '" % % "" I

1 Bdtish high tar acid t:n:05Ole 1,014 0,%% 1.51 6,102 19.07 ,65 58,44 100,01 - 0,15 O,SS

2 crr.osote 1,058 1,46 15,92 U,94 ZU7 26.67 19.80 99.96 -' 0.90 1.00 1nil

.!3 $a.'I01c:rooootc 0.996 ",I 1,95 20,00 22.00 !l0.40 25.45 99.80 O,!S2 nil '.,

4 1sc:aren:o;otI', Ul60 I1il 10,35 $4,40 21,!5 17.50 16.80 99,'iO 1.92 (1,70 trace:

5 SasoI cnDO 26,S7 98.84 1,44 0,20 1.00.

I,OtO 0.20 5,05 22,3% 2S.s4 20,86

6 SIdOItaTprime: 1,280 ml 0.65 7.25 15,50 24,75 51,70 9,8S 4,08 0,50 nil ''\I.J

7" 70% Sasol crDtr: -+-30% Sasol tar prime: 1.020 0,20 5,05 16.15 20,90 20,60 56.70 99.60 l,l 0,30 U2Ce:

ID 15(01'c:n:osoa: 1,010 nil 10,.55 30,40 25.55 17.60 \5,?!> 99.45 1.20 0,50 nil

11 70% bcorcn:osote -+-80% Isc:oItaTe 1,080 Dil 13,27 2O,?O 15,9% 16,60 33,20 99.69 4.25 4,00 nil

ilZb 60 % 1..e0t'crCCSOIe+

40% tar prime 1,080 I1il 8.85 ZO,55 15.90 17.95 56.95 99.60 S.90 2,90 nil

1.68 D.20..-1

11 $8501 CI'CO$O \.015 0,62 5,65 22,00 24.80 !2,29 24.00 99..56 tmce'.

18< 70% Salol crle: +30 % $:uollow tc:mpr.r.atw'e rar 1,020 0,15 5,10 16.10 20,95 20,80 36.65 99.75 1.91 0,30 trace

24 Jo!wuIesbJUg Cas Works CftQSOtC 1.016 0.15 2,29 9,K 1\5,95 31,05 32.56 99,62 0,90 0,10 tr:Ice i

24(i) JohaPnelborg CasWorb etUdetar 1,040 .2,08 8.47 9,71 9.'6 13,10 55,09 97,81 4.80 1.10 5.80 1

25" 75%JI1b. Gas Works creosol<: '"25%b. Gas Workcrudr:t:It' 1.0SS 1,97 6,U U.27 16.07 21.99 40,09 98,81 O,?O 0.40 1,10 -:

26 70%}bb, Gas Worb<:rP.O>ote + 1

30%jnb. G..s Worb tarpt1J)'le 1.014 0,50 10,85 27,59 Z2.96 17.04 21,45 100,19 I,U 0.20 0.50,

:...;i

27 GO'1:.jhb, Gas Works aeoson: +4O'TaJhb. G Worb tar prime 1,010 1.01 11,76 24,07 ZO.OO 15,55 26.28 98.65 1,32 0.50 0,50 .i

I32(i)'" Sa.rolCRQIOte 1,015 3,30 IS,10 17.20 20.00 tl,OO 25. 100,00 O,tO 0.20 trace: I.;

I

M Sasol creo&o 0,994 SJl9 7,)3 11,16 25,09 27,12 19.91 99.86 0,51 0,09 o.sO .;

55' 70% SasoJcreosote + "\

30% Syntholwaxyoil 0,969 2...6 8,80 16.41 25.28 29,85 21,99 99.79 0.46 0.14 0,15,"

37 SJ'Ilthol oi 0,872 1.90 0.87 '1.34 27,96 52.96 6.12 97.14 o,s64 0,084 a,xo

. The mWun:& usr:d in pre:savatM: numbos 8 and 9 wcremadeup oEthe oils ofuum'-s 5 and 6.

h The ar:05QtCused in p1iYcs IS ro 16 was of the 6aDIe tock as number 12-

c The SiI$01CU050tC IUc:d it! pteserVatiw Pl1mbers 19 to 2S was thr:.-- as number )'1 aDd tlv: S;l5()I tar pnmc wa.s of the srock del:eribc:d iDprncm!ivc number 6. ...

;

d The creosol<: u.....uin p/'CSCTV;ltivc:sm..mbc1s 2 to $! ..;. from the creosote: srock described in numbe-r 21 while the physical cb;tracterlmc:s for thecrlldc: tar. IIJC4in p=crvau...:.25 re 27. arc described u 24{i).

. The creosote IISC!din 82 "'M iIi UJUkr 3%(i).

r The rn:0!I01eused in pmtift number 36 was from the:same: srock D$number M while the boiling rnnp for the Synthol Wi1Xy011ii given in $7.

I The Symho (rllher' Tropsc:h proc-) w:rJ.' on or abo Ued Kel10jZ w""""Ioil (WaIc$ol K) wa.sobtained tram SiUOI.Fomher physical characteristicswere:

$pecirae gravity at %O"C 0,872 V"zsc;c&ityin cepti>lmkesat 9S,goC 5.0Water % 0.2 Flaahpoint 139.DoC 1"

Later uWy&C&ODthe samelYPCoCpmductR>owedthacP:<:ODWDlI0%ID15% micro waL"

56 SOUTH AFlUCAN FOTRY JOURNAL 1110.104 MARCH 1978

I

.