Effects of Big Science in Education

Corey Goodwin, Kyle Kim, Terry Park, Nora Richter, Mandy Ziffer

Is the cost increase in

education related to Big Science?

Big Science and Education in the

U.S.Cold WarSputnik in 1957

Wave of education reforms in U.S.Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS)

Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC)

United States

Science Education Programs

Department of Energy

National Academy of SciencesNational Science Education Standards (1996)National Academy of Engineering (1964)Institute of Medicine (1970)National Research Council

National Science Foundation (NSF)

http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/history-nsf/timeline/index.jsp?year=1952

U.S. Spending in Science Education

Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Summary — February 14, 2011

$300 million for a new round of i3 (Investing in Innovation) grants.$175 million in competitive grants to boost college completion.$90 million for a new education research and development program and $60 million more for research and evaluation programs at IES.

Education Departmenthttp://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/edhistory.pdf

U.S. vs. International

National Center for Education Statistics

http://nces.ed.gov/timss/idetimss/exportgenerater.aspx

Europe Educationhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/education/data/main_tables

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

(OECD)

Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)

1947

run the US-financed Marshall Plan

OECD founded 1961http://pisa2009.acer.edu.au/interactive.php

Broad National Analysis

How big science has affected educationHigh School Education

National Universities

National Labs

High School Education

Multiple AP science classes in preparation for college

AP Chemistry

AP Biology

AP Physics B

AP Physics C

Countless hours of lab experience involved

National Universities

Large and impacting labs present in every university

Many important discoveries have been created in university labs

Lyrica – created at northwestern by Richard Silverman

Northwestern University

Beitel Biology Research Laboratory

Morimoto Lab

The Stupp Lab

Backman Lab

Silverman lab

Nanotechnology labs

Biomedical labs

Neurobiology labs

Physics labs

Particle physics labs

Chemistry labs

University of Illinois

Kent labs

Noyes labs

Morrisey labs

Bochemistry labs

Cell and developmental biology labs

Neuroscience labs

Microbiology labs

Molecular biology labs

Chemical biology labs

Inorganic chemistry labs

Organic chemistry labs

Materials chemistry labs

Analytical chemistry labs

Engineering labsChemical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Biomedical engineering

Biomolecular engineering

University LabsMillion dollar budgets

Gigantic labs with hundreds of employees

Silverman Hall

Many universities are heavily research based

Universities attract professors not through academic means, but through a guarantee of lab space

National LabsNational Labs all over the world have summer programs for students to get involved in

Fermi Lab

Oak Ridge National Lab

Los Alamos National Lab

Argonne National Lab

Research at Northwestern

• One of the country’s leading private research universities

• Annual budget: 1.5 billion

• Office for Sponsored Research (OSR) facilitates $556 million additional dollars• Materials Research Center (for Material Research)

• Biomedical Engineering• Neuroscience

• Nanotechnology

• Biotechnology

• Drug discovery

Program of African Studies

Performance Studies

Marketing

Institute for Policy Research Partners

Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center

Feinberg School of Medicine

National Laboratories

Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational

Programs (DEP)interlaces the U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory and the academic community

research participation programs directly sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy

intent to promote, develop, and facilitate educational and research interactions among Argonne and interested institutions, organizations and agencies

collaborates to provide educational opportunities for persons at all educational levels

universities

colleges

technical institutes

informal educational centers

consortia

precollege community

K-12 Programs

Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day

NEWTON

Rube Goldberg Machine Contest

Science Careers in Search of Women Conference

Educational Field Trips

Academies Creating Teacher Scientist Programs

Middle School Science Bowl

Teacher Resources/Workshops & Classes

Pre-Service Teacher (PST) Program

Indian Education Renewable Energy Challenge

Undergraduate Programs

Fall, spring, and summer undergraduate laboratory internships

Community college student internships

Pre-Service Teacher (PST) Program

Tribal Internship Program

Research Aide Appointments

Cooperative Education

Faculty and Student Team (FAST) Fellowships

Undergraduate Research Experience in Accelerator Physics (Lee Teng Internship)

Indian Education Renewable Energy Challenge

Graduate Programs

Laboratory-Graduate Research Appointments

Guest Graduate Appointments

Thesis-Parts Appointments

Research-Aide Appointments

Cooperative Education

National School on Neutron & X-

ray Scattering

Faculty Programs

Faculty Research Participation (Short-Term Appointments)

Faculty Research Leave (Sabbatical Leave)

Guest Faculty Research Participation Programs

Faculty &

Student Team (FAST) Fellowships

Postdoctoral Programs

Argonne Named Postdoctoral Fellowships

Directors Postdoctoral Fellowships

Division Postdoctoral Appointments

International Impact of Big

Science

Major International

InitiativesWeaponryCountries racing against each other

Nuclear weapons

Space RaceBegan as countries racing against each other

More recently, countries are working together and promoting unity in the name of science (further international unity)

International Space Station

CERN

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and

DevelopmentInternational cooperation – 34 countries involved

Oversee Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry, among many other things

International connectivity in the name promoting and furthering science and technology

CERNYes, CERN again.

One of Europe’s major unifying efforts

Countries rely on each other, thus promoting peace and unity in all fields

INTERNATIONAL STABILITY

Stable vs. Instable NationsToday, in order for a country to be regarded as advanced and reputable, it must boast a dedication to scientific innovation and research

Instability in many countries has hindered their respective abilities to effectively embrace Big Science, as must of the Western World has since WWII

Think Russia pre- and post- Cold War

Think China – recent decades of stagnation vs. centuries of flourishing vs. current improvements

Stability vs. Instability

Big Science has put stable countries at even more of an advantage than they would be at without it – they have the ability to further improve their standards of living, as we have learned is a result of Big Science

broader disparity of wealth

Exploitation of less developed, more tumultuous countries in the name of science

Sierra Leon and Angola: conflict diamondsMicroscopes, computer memory, lasers, drug research and administration

Education: Changes for the

FutureTP

What is up with schools today?

Teacher tenure debate

New rankings of schools

Everyone agrees that something must be done about the current U.S. education system, but what?

Theories on Education

In the following sections, we’ll look at different ideas about education.

Dan MeyerHigh school math teacher

Spoke at TED Talk- “Math class needs a makeover”

Math problems, and by extension, physics and chemistry problems, all share similar shortcomings

Math class needs a makeover

Students are given formulas and told how to find solutions to a problem.

E.g. “A cylinder holds 1 gallon of water. If water is poured in at a rate of 0.5 liters/min, how long will it take to fill the entire cylinder?”

Only required information given

No thinking required

In the FutureThe proper method of learning should be a form of active learning

Discover how to solve problems

Formulate answers to real life problems

Encourage discussion of ways to solve problems

Harder to teach this way, since most textbooks teach using the same methods

Sir Ken RobinsonAuthor and speaker on education

Knighted in 2003 for services to education

Pictures!

Robinson’s IdeasWhat does it mean by “ need to raise educational standards”?

Current system based on that of Industrial Revolution

Model of the functioning mind:Deductive reasoning

Knowledge of the classics

Academic vs Non-academic

Ideas Click icon to add picture

Fig 1. Map of Prescriptions for ADHD Across the U.S.

Source: CDC

Robinson’s IdeasTechnology provides more stimulation for children now than ever->academic learning looks boring

Incentives for following educational path?Job security

Application

Interest

The previous map showed more prescriptions for ADHD in the East side. Why? Possible that over stimulation mistaken for ADHD?

Model of Traditional EducationChildren separated by age

Placed in similar sized classes

Starts at 8AM and ends at 3PM

Teach using standard education methods

Evaluate using more and more standardized tests

This is a Factory-Line education

In the FutureMultiple ways to the solution->Don’t stifle creativity

Used to thinking one way that solutions can’t be found

Pictures!

Subjects aren’t separated->Integration of thoughts

Everyone learns differently-> Diversified education

Students learn best through collaboration

Discussion and Plans

Following will be things that are happening now amongst discussions for new plans

National Academies of

SciencesProvides advising about sciences on a national level

Started a series of meetings at the Keck Center of National Academies on Aug 17, 2009 to discuss amongst other things:

Redefining core ideas in science and how they can be taught

New structure for teaching sciences

Share experiences about different teaching methods

U.S. Department of Education

National Educational Technology Plan

Seven Steps:1. Strengthen Leadership

Need tech-savvy leaders and programs that incorporate use of more technology

Get students involved in planning process

2. Consider Innovative BudgetingAllot a percentage of totally budget for technology

Reallocate budgets that are already out

US Department of Education

3. Improve Teacher TrainingTrained in use of technology, data, and increased accountability

4. Support e-Learning Virtual SchoolsAccess provided for every student, encourage use of e-learning to meet No Child Left Behind requirements

5. Encourage Broadband Access

6. Move Toward Digital ContentCost saving and allow for connectivity

7. Integrate Data SystemCut down on administrative costs

Assessment of children on an individual level

National Science Foundation

Program: Computing Education for the 21st Century (CE 21)

Premise: Computer engineering is the basis of a lot of innovative machines today, but there has been a decreasing trend in those in the computer technology related work force

College freshman’s interest in becoming a computer engineer has decreased by 70% over the past decade

NSF [continued]CE 21 hopes to engage students in K-14 students early on in the computer sciences

Side note: K-14 is a new idea where students are helped to transition into community college after high school graduation, thereby increasing graduation rates

Plan is to fund 3 types of proposals:Type I: Studies in small scale schools to learn how best to teach and to learn computing and strategies

Type II: Studies in large scale schools

Or any proposals that will help Types I or II succeed

ConclusionNeed a large scale modification (some say “revolution”) of current educational system

Many plans proposed, but most have no concrete solutions

Class Ideas?Cost

Impact on those involved in the current educational system

Effectiveness

Works Citedhttp://www.nationalacademie

s.org/

http://www.energy.gov/

http://www.scied.science.doe.gov/scied/sci_ed.htm

http://objectivistindividualist.blogspot.com/2009/10/effectiveness-of-federal-government.html

http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/nsf9865/nsf9865.htm

http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/10facts/edlite-chart.html

http://kevinbenglish.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/estonia-kicks-butt-on-us-science-education/

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/main2009/2011451.asp

http://nces.ed.gov/timss/idetimss/report.aspx

http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/edhistory.pdf

http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/discip07.pdf

http://www.nsf.gov/

http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3675,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/europe/09/eu_budget_spending/img/graph_education_466x485.gif

http://newsok.com/technological-advancements-claim-roots-in-wwii-era/article/3174637

Works Cited, cont.http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html

http://www.time.cokm/time/world/article/0,8599,1712812,00.html

http://www.abazias.com/diamondblog/diamond-news/scientific-and-medical-applications-of-diamonds

http

://europa.eu/index_en.htm

http://www.research.northwestern.edu/about/index.htmlhttp://www.dep.anl.gov/

http://www.research.northwestern.edu/about/index.htmlhttp://www.dep.anl.gov/

http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bose/Core_Ideas_Homepage.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academies_of_Science

http://sirkenrobinson.com/skr/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Robinson_(British_author)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDZFcDGpL4U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWUFjb8w9Ps

http://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_meyer.html

http://www.cdc.gov/NCBDDD/adhd/images/adhd_PrevalenceDataChart.jpg

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/plan/2004/site/theplan/edlite-Recommendations.html