What are the effects What are the effects of European of European

settlement in the settlement in the Americas?Americas?

As Europeans came, in greater As Europeans came, in greater numbers, to settle the land in the numbers, to settle the land in the Americas, their presence had a Americas, their presence had a tremendous effect on the native tremendous effect on the native peoples who were living here. And, peoples who were living here. And, the native peoples’ life in the the native peoples’ life in the Americas provided lots for the Americas provided lots for the Europeans to use as well. Let’s see Europeans to use as well. Let’s see some of the effects of the exchange some of the effects of the exchange between native people and between native people and Europeans.Europeans.

Food ExchangeFood Exchange

Almost immediately, Native Americans and Almost immediately, Native Americans and Europeans exchanged knowledge about food Europeans exchanged knowledge about food

items.items.

Items exchanged between Indians and EuropeansItems exchanged between Indians and Europeans From Europeans to Indians From Indians to From Europeans to Indians From Indians to

EuropeansEuropeans - - bananasbananas - catfish- catfish

- cattle- cattle - chocolate- chocolate- chickens- chickens - pineapple- pineapple- horses- horses - potatoes- potatoes- pigs- pigs - pumpkins/squash- pumpkins/squash- sheep- sheep - sweet potatoes- sweet potatoes- sugarcane- sugarcane - tomatoes- tomatoes- wheat- wheat - tobacco- tobacco

Effect!Effect!Over time, the diets of both Native Over time, the diets of both Native Americans and Europeans widened Americans and Europeans widened as a greater variety of food as a greater variety of food became available.became available.

Native WeaponsNative Weapons

The bow and arrow The bow and arrow and spear servedand spear servedNative Americans Native Americans quite well. With quite well. With them, Indians them, Indians hunted for food hunted for food and went to and went to battle.battle.

European WeaponsEuropean Weapons

European settlersEuropean settlers

introduced the rifle.introduced the rifle.

When they huntedWhen they hunted

for food or wentfor food or went

to battle, the rifleto battle, the rifle

made themmade them

successful.successful.

Effect!Effect!Over time, the European weapons Over time, the European weapons proved stronger and more proved stronger and more powerful than Indian spears and powerful than Indian spears and bows and arrows. The nature of bows and arrows. The nature of hunting and warfare changed and hunting and warfare changed and Native Americans traded for Native Americans traded for European-style weapons European-style weapons whenever they could.whenever they could.

Native VillagesNative Villages

This is a Catawba village. Homes were This is a Catawba village. Homes were arranged in a circle but there is no arranged in a circle but there is no boundary around the village – to keep boundary around the village – to keep people out.people out.

English VillagesEnglish Villages

English villages were small and fortified English villages were small and fortified with walls to keep Native Americans at with walls to keep Native Americans at a distance. This is Jamestown in the a distance. This is Jamestown in the early 1600s.early 1600s.

Effect!Effect!Over time, the landscape changed Over time, the landscape changed as the number of European as the number of European communities increased and communities increased and resembled the cities of Europe resembled the cities of Europe while Indian settlements were while Indian settlements were destroyed or pushed to the west. destroyed or pushed to the west. Also, Europeans held on to their Also, Europeans held on to their idea of “land ownership” while the idea of “land ownership” while the Native Americans did not have the Native Americans did not have the idea of ownership; the land was idea of ownership; the land was used as a person needed it.used as a person needed it.

Native HomesNative Homes

This Wampanoag wetu used the This Wampanoag wetu used the materials of nature, was relatively materials of nature, was relatively simple in design and adapted to the simple in design and adapted to the environment.environment.

Native HomesNative Homes

The homes of pueblo Indians used The homes of pueblo Indians used natural materials, were simple in natural materials, were simple in design and were adapted to the design and were adapted to the environment.environment.

Homes of EuropeansHomes of Europeans

Homes ofHomes of

Europeans inEuropeans in

Boston wereBoston were

elaborate, relativelyelaborate, relatively

large and designedlarge and designed

like those inlike those in

Europe.Europe.

Homes of EuropeansHomes of Europeans

This home in Williamsburg, VA was This home in Williamsburg, VA was huge and elaborately designed.huge and elaborately designed.

Effect!Effect!Over time, European Over time, European communities and homes communities and homes resembled those of Europe. resembled those of Europe. Native American homes were Native American homes were not valued by the Europeans not valued by the Europeans who settled.who settled.

Native American Spiritual Native American Spiritual LifeLife

Native Native Americans had Americans had strong spiritual strong spiritual lives and lives and prayed for rain, prayed for rain, for sun, for for sun, for healthy healthy children – for children – for all good things all good things in their lives.in their lives.

Puritan Religion of New Puritan Religion of New EnglandEngland

Puritans hoped to bring Christianity Puritans hoped to bring Christianity to the Native Americans in to the Native Americans in Massachusetts – to change the Massachusetts – to change the religion.religion.

Catholic Religion in the Catholic Religion in the SouthwestSouthwest

Spanish settlers hoped to convert Spanish settlers hoped to convert Native Americans in the Southwest to Native Americans in the Southwest to Christianity.Christianity.

Effect!Effect!Over time, European settlers tried Over time, European settlers tried to change the religious lives of to change the religious lives of Native Americans by forcing them Native Americans by forcing them to be Christians. Not surprisingly, to be Christians. Not surprisingly, native peoples resisted all efforts native peoples resisted all efforts to convert them to Christianity.to convert them to Christianity.

Native LanguagesNative Languages

There were as many as 300 native There were as many as 300 native languages spoken at time of languages spoken at time of

encounter.encounter.

European Languages AddedEuropean Languages Added

You can predict that the European settlers You can predict that the European settlers brought with them the languages they had brought with them the languages they had grown up with: Spanish, French, Dutch, grown up with: Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and English. Portuguese, and English.

Many of our cities have European names:Many of our cities have European names: Scituate and Natick are Indian words. Scituate and Natick are Indian words. San Francisco and Los Angeles are Spanish San Francisco and Los Angeles are Spanish

words.words. Quebec and Trois Rivieres are French words.Quebec and Trois Rivieres are French words. Plymouth and Needham are English words.Plymouth and Needham are English words. Catskills and Poughkeepsie are Dutch words.Catskills and Poughkeepsie are Dutch words.

Effect!Effect!Over time, Native American Over time, Native American languages disappeared from languages disappeared from common use and European common use and European languages, especially English, languages, especially English, became widely used. Names of became widely used. Names of places still may retain Indian places still may retain Indian names, as well as a small number of names, as well as a small number of words like moccasins. Otherwise words like moccasins. Otherwise this has become a nation that this has become a nation that speaks European languages.speaks European languages.

RelatingRelating

Trade was one important way the Trade was one important way the Native Americans and Europeans Native Americans and Europeans related with one another and both related with one another and both sides saw the benefit.sides saw the benefit.

HereHerethey arethey aretradingtradingtobacco.tobacco.

RelatingRelating William Penn knew it was important William Penn knew it was important

to have a good relationship with the to have a good relationship with the native people.native people.

Here Penn isHere Penn issigning a peacesigning a peacetreaty with treaty with the Delaware the Delaware Indians.Indians.

RelatingRelating

The Pilgrims wished to thank the Native The Pilgrims wished to thank the Native Americans who had helped them Americans who had helped them survive survive

the first year inthe first year in this new land.this new land. This painting is This painting is a picture of thea picture of the feast of givingfeast of giving thanks.thanks.

RelatingRelating

But there were plenty of difficult times, too. But there were plenty of difficult times, too. Not surprisingly, the native peoples were Not surprisingly, the native peoples were angry when angry when

Europeans tookEuropeans took their land. Thetheir land. The Europeans Europeans pushed native pushed native people further people further and further to theand further to the west.west.

Effect!Effect!European settlers related European settlers related differently to Native Americans. differently to Native Americans. The Spanish generally wanted to The Spanish generally wanted to control them. The French and control them. The French and Dutch wanted to trade with them. Dutch wanted to trade with them. The English were generally The English were generally satisfied to live side-by-side and satisfied to live side-by-side and were glad for whatever help they were glad for whatever help they could get from the native peoples. could get from the native peoples. They were, though, cautious and They were, though, cautious and typically wanted to change typically wanted to change Indians’ ways to match their own.Indians’ ways to match their own.

It was probably inevitable that It was probably inevitable that life for both the native peoples life for both the native peoples and Europeans would change and Europeans would change forever when their cultures and forever when their cultures and ways of life met. The United ways of life met. The United States, today, still reaps the States, today, still reaps the effects of the encounter effects of the encounter between these people that between these people that happened more than 500 years happened more than 500 years ago.ago.

The English language is the The English language is the predominant language in the predominant language in the United States, even today. French United States, even today. French is spoken in some parts of Canada is spoken in some parts of Canada while English is spoken in other while English is spoken in other parts. Spanish is spoken in most parts. Spanish is spoken in most South American and Caribbean South American and Caribbean countries.countries.

Christianity, the predominant Christianity, the predominant religion of the European countries religion of the European countries that settled the United States, that settled the United States, remains a strong influence in the remains a strong influence in the lives of many people.lives of many people.

Architecture in the southwest Architecture in the southwest resembles Spanish architecture of resembles Spanish architecture of Europe; architecture along the Europe; architecture along the Mississippi River resembles French Mississippi River resembles French architecture of Europe.architecture of Europe.

Our diet, today, reflects much Our diet, today, reflects much European influence. It includes European influence. It includes many wheat products (bread, many wheat products (bread, cake), beef and chicken, all cake), beef and chicken, all introduced by Europeans who introduced by Europeans who settled in the Americas.settled in the Americas.

When you see signs indicating a When you see signs indicating a town boundary, remember that town boundary, remember that the concept of borders and land the concept of borders and land ownership was brought here ownership was brought here from Europe and remains today.from Europe and remains today.

The effects of European The effects of European settlement are still with us settlement are still with us today.today.