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Lloyd Dean
Short and Long Term Effects of Exercise on Cardio – Respiratory
System
AimsBy the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Explain the short and long term effects of exercise on the heart
Explain the short and long term effects of exercise on the lungs
Explain the short and long term effects of exercise on the blood vessels
Component Structure Function
Epiglottis
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Cardiovascular fitnessCardiovascular fitness is not just for top sportspeople
Involves the circulatory and the respiratory systems
The heart or cardiac muscle is different to any other muscle in that it never tires
It must continually pump blood — without it, we would die. If the blood vessels become blocked or hardened, angina or heart attack occurs
Improved cardiovascular fitness increases the number of blood vessels in and around the heart, so reducing the risk of a heart attack
Body changes during exercise
The level of carbon dioxide in the blood increase
The brain detects this and sends a signal to the lungs to breathe faster and deeper
Gas exchange in the lungs speeds up
More carbon dioxide passes out of the blood and more oxygen passes into it
The brain also sends a signal to the heart to beat faster, making the heart rate go up
The muscles squeeze on veins, sending more blood back to the heart
Body changes during exercise
Cardiac output rises — more blood gets pumped to the muscles each minute
This means more oxygen reaches the muscles each minute and more carbon dioxide is carried away
Arterioles widen so that your blood pressure won’t get too high
Blood gets moved to where it is needed from where it is less needed, eg from your gut to your legs
To make this happen, blood vessels widen and constrict at different points (vasodilation and vasoconstriction)
Body changes during exercise
Exercise generates heat, making the body hotter
Blood is directed close to the skin to cool down
This makes the skin redden
The body is also cooled by sweating, through evaporation
Blood flow to skeletal muscles increases
Movement at joints may increase markedly
Short-term benefits of exercise
Healthier heart, muscles, bones and joints
More calories burnt
Increased energy levels
Reduced stress, depression and anxiety
Better sleep
Faster, sharper thinking
Cardio-respiratory training effects The heart becomes more
efficient
The stroke volume is increased and, as a result, the resting heart rate becomes lower
Recovery after exercise becomes quicker
Blood volume and red cells increase
Arteries grow larger
The diaphragm grows stronger
Lung capacity increases
The heart’s workload is reduced
Less chance of heart disease
Increase in capillary network
Blood supply to the heart increases
The lungs become more expandable, increasing in volume