Date post: | 29-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | adrian-butler |
View: | 222 times |
Download: | 3 times |
Effects of Village Power Quality on Fuel Consumption and Operating Expenses/ Village Power System
Performance Monitoring:(CY 2006 Annual Review)
UAF PI: Richard Wies
UAF co-PI: Ron Johnson
Industry PI: Peter Crimp, Alaska Energy Authority
A project funded by the US DOE National Energy Technology Lab (NETL) through the Arctic Energy Technology & Development Laboratory (AETDL)
AEA
Village Power Quality and
Performance Monitoring (CY 06) • Introduction• Objectives• Project Milestones• Project Highlights• Project Budget• Sample Analysis• Future Work
2
A stand-alone system with multiple power sources:Diesel Gen, Wind, Hydro, Batteries, and others
3
Village Power System
DC LoadPV Panels
DC
DC
DCDC
ACAC Load
AC Bus
DC Bus
Heating Load
Heat Exchanger
Transformer
Battery Bank
Wind Turbine
Boiler
Diesel Generator
Objectives• Create a consortium of rural utilities:
Alaska rural utilities Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC)
• Survey of existing village power monitoring systems
• Data collection and management (standardization)
• Optimization through data analysis and energy profiling (Hybrid Arctic Remote Power SIMulator): load profiling energy efficiency analysis economic analysis environmental analysis
4
Project Milestones (CY06)
5
Date Milestones Participant(s) Status
Jan 2005-Jun 2007
Collect Existing Power System Data
UAF/AEA 95% Complete
Jun 2005-Sep 2007
Installation of New Remote Monitoring Systems in Villages
AEA 75% Complete
Jun 2005-Sep 2007
Village Data Analysis & Recommendations
UAF 75% Complete
Sep 2005-Sep 2007
Consortium of AK Rural Utilities
UAF 25% Complete
Sep 2006 One Year Extension UAF/AEAGranted
Oct. 13, 2006
Sep 2007 Final Report Issued UAF/AEATo be Completed
Project Highlights (1)
6
• Village power system data collection & analysis:
• AEA and AVEC: developing a standard system for downloading village power data on a regular schedule and in a convenient format.
• Metering Projects: powerhouse electrical data, weather stations, met towers, BTU meters from heat recovery systems, and electrical data from village users such as schools, washeterias, and community buildings.
• Kongiganak, Lime Village, Stevens Village, and Wales Village - UAF evaluated data with its hybrid power system analysis tool (HARPSIM)
• Kwigillingok and Kongiganak - access to online data (URL:
http://www.aidea.org/aea/aearemotemon.html)
• Remote monitoring switchgear installed in 16 villages: Atka Diesel Powerhouse and Hydro Facility, Arctic Village, Chuathbaluk, Crooked Creek, Golovin, Hughes, Kongiganak, Koyukuk, Kwigillingok, Pedro Bay, Manokotak, Nikolski, Sleetmute, Stevens Village, Stony River,
and Takotna
• 5 more villages by summer 2007: Buckland, Chefornak, Diomede, Larsen Bay Hydro Facility, and Ouzinkie Diesel Powerhouse and Hydro Facility
Project Highlights (2)
9
• Graduate student Ashish Agrawal defended his PhD dissertation entitled “Hybrid Electric Power Systems in Remote Villages: Economic and Environmental Analysis for Monitoring, Optimization and Control” on Monday, July 17, 2006 based on work related to this project.
• Presentation on hybrid village power systems at 2006 Alternative Energy Fair at the Chena Hot Springs Geothermal Energy Conference on August 20, 2006.
• A one-year extension with additional funds of $71k from DOE for salary and travel was granted on this project to complete the collection and analysis of data from newly installed monitoring systems.
• Planning a consortium meeting/workshop for AK rural utilities at AK Rural Energy conference in April 2007.
Village Load Profiles
10
Load Profile Ranking Comparision '02 to '05
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
7/13/2002 0:00 1/29/2003 0:00 8/17/2003 0:00 3/4/2004 0:00 9/20/2004 0:00 4/8/2005 0:00 10/25/2005 0:00
Time (M/D/Y - H/M)
Rea
l P
ow
er (
kW)
Lime VillageATKAArctic VillageGolovinBuckland
Sample Analysis (1): Kongiganak
11
• Current Power System:– DEGS:
• Diesel #1: 235 kW
• Diesel #2: 190 kW
• Diesel #3: 190 kW
• Diesel #4: 140 kW
– One DEG is sufficient to supply the load
• Avg: 95 kW
• Min: 45 kW
• Max: 150 kW
– Wind Speed: 7 m/s (15.6 mph)• Test System:
– 2-190kW DEGS (one as backup)
– 100 kWh absolyte IIP battery bank
– 1-65kW AOC 15/50 WTGs
– 12 kW PV array
– 100kVA bidirectional converter
Kongiganak Village
Location: western shore of Kuskokwim bay, 451 miles west of Anchorage (north latitude 59.96°, west longitude 162.89°).
90 housing units, 11 vacant, one school attended by 116 students (US 2000 Census).
Marine climate: temp range 6°F - 57°F.
Average annual precipitation: 22 inches
Average annual snowfall: 43 inches
Sample Analysis (2)
12
DC Load
PV Panels
DC
DC
DCDC
ACAC Load
AC Bus
DC Bus
Control Unit
Wind TurbineBattery Bank
Diesel Electric Generator
Sample Analysis (3)
130 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Time (hours)
Ele
ctric
load
(kW
)Synthetic annual load profile for Kongiganak Village, Alaska
Synthetic load (kW)Mean load (kW)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time (hours)
Win
d sp
eed
(m/s
)Synthetic annual wind speed profile for Kongiganak Village, Alaska
Synthetic wind speed (m/s)Mean wind speed (m/s)
Sample Analysis (4)
14
Sample Analysis (5)
15
ItemCost per
unit (USD)
No of units
Diesel-only system(USD)
Diesel-battery system(USD)
PV-diesel-battery system(USD)
Wind-diesel-battery system(USD)
PV-wind-diesel-battery system(USD)
2 wind-diesel-battery system(USD)
140 kW diesel generator
40,000 1 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000
190 kW diesel generator
45,000 1 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000
Switch gear to automate control of
the system16,000 1 16,000 18,000 20,000 20,000 22,000 30,000
Rectification/Inversion
18,000 1 0 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 28,000
New Absolyte IIP 6-90A13 battery bank
2,143 16 0 34,288 34,288 34,288 34,288 68,576
AOC 15/50 wind turbine generator
55,000 1 0 0 0 55,000 55,000 110,000
Siemens M55 solar panels
262 180 0 0 47,160 0 47,160 0
Engineering 1 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,000 4,500 6,000
Commissioning, Installation, freight, travel, miscellaneous
1 13,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 30,000
TOTAL 117,000 172,788 224,448 234,288 285,948 357,576
Installation cost for different components for Kongiganak Village
16
Item Diesel-battery systemPV-diesel-battery
systemWind-diesel-battery
systemPV-wind-diesel-battery
system
HARPSim HOMER HARPSim HOMER HARPSim HOMER HARPSim HOMER
System cost (USD) 172,788 172,788 224,448 224,450 234,288 234,288 285,948 285,950
Engine efficiency (%) 29.3 28.63 29.3 28.51 29.3 27.03 29.3 26.88
kWh/liter (kWh/gallon) for engine3.11
(11.75)3.04
(11.48)3.11
(11.75)3.02
(11.43)3.11
(11.75)2.87
(10.84)3.11
(11.75)2.85
(10.78)
Fuel consumed in liters (gallons)267,662(70,810)
273,910(72,463)
264,834(70,062)
272,568(72,108)
193,249(51,124)
216,027(57,150)
190,837(50,486)
214,776(56,819)
Total cost of fuel (USD) 212,429 217,390 210,185 216,325 153,373 171,451 151,458 170,456
Energy supplied
(a) Diesel engine (kWh) 832,152 832,205 823,368 823,422 597145 619,504 588,362 612,287
(b) WTG (kWh) - - - - 235,007 238,000 235,007 238,000
(c) PV array (kWh) - - 8,784 8,783 - - 8,784 8,783
Energy supplied to load (kWh) 832,152 832,205 832,152 832,205 832,152 832,205 832,152 832,205
Operational life
(a) Generator (years) 5 1.87 5 1.87 5 1.8 5 1.8
(b) Battery bank (years) 5 12 5.5 12 5.5 12 6 12
Net present value (USD) with i = 7% and n = 20 years
- 1,992,488 2,545,084 2,945,502 1,954,127 2,383,766 1,974,389 2,421,502
Cost of Electricity (USD/kWh) 0.301 22.6 0.304 0.334 0.237 0.27 0.24 0.275
Payback period for renewable (years) - - Never - 1.07 - 2.12 -
Emissions
(a) CO2 in metric tons (US tons) 660 (728) 703 (775) 653 (720) 700 (772) 477 (526) 555 (612) 471 (519) 552 (608)
(b) NOx in kg (lbs)7,322
(16,143)-
7,245 (15,972)
-5,288
(11,657)-
5,222 (11,512)
-
(c) PM10 in kg (lbs) 308 (679) - 305 (672) - 222 (490) - 220 (484) -
Sample Analysis: Comparison of Results (6)
ItemTwo wind-diesel-battery
system
HARPSim HOMER
System cost (USD) 357,576 357,576
Engine efficiency (%) 29.3 26.6
kWh/liter (kWh/gallon) for the engine3.11
(11.75)2.78
( 10.53)
Fuel consumed in liters (gallons)151,252(39,961)
201,444(53,222)
Total cost of fuel (USD) 119,883 159,876
Energy supplied
(a) Diesel engine (kWh) 469,542 561,741
(b) WTG (kWh)
470,015 475,999
Energy supplied to load (kWh) 832,152 832,205
Operational life
(a) Generator (years) 5 1.8
(b) Battery bank (years) 5.5 12
Net present value (USD) with i = 7% and n = 20 years
1,748,988 2,407,895
Cost of Electricity (USD/kWh) 0.22 0.273
Payback period for WTG (years) 1.56 -
Emissions
(a) CO2 in metric tons (US ton) 367 (405) 517 (570)
(b) NOx in kg (lbs)4,068
(9,112)-
(c) PM10 in kg (lbs) 171 (383) -17
Sample Analysis: Comparison of Results (7)
Sample Analysis (8)
18
DEGs = 87%
Renewables = 5%
Battery Bank = 5%Switchgear = 1%
Controller = 1%Miscellaneous = 1%
20-year LCC analysis of the Kongiganak Village hybrid power system using HARPSim
DEGs
Renewables
Battery Bank
Switchgear
Controller
Miscellaneous
The NPV of the system, with i = 7% and fuel cost = 0.79 USD per liter (3.0 USD per gallon), is 1,974,389 USD
Sample Analysis (9)
19
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.51
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5x 10
6
Cost of fuel in USD/liter (USD/gallon)
NP
V (
US
D)
Sensitivity analysis of fuel cost and investment rate on NPV
(2.27) (2.65) (3.02) (3.40) (3.78) (4.16) (4.54) (4.91) (5.29) (5.67)
i = 0.03i = 0.04i = 0.05i = 0.06i = 0.07
i = 0.03
i = 0.07
Sample Analysis (10)
20
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.50.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55Sensitivity analysis of fuel cost and investment rate on Cost of Electricity
Cost of fuel in USD/liter (USD/gallon)
Co
st o
f Ele
ctric
ity (
US
D/k
Wh
)
(2.27) (2.65) (3.02) (3.40) (3.78) (4.16) (4.54) (4.91) (5.29) (5.67)
i = 0.07
i = 0.03
Diesel-battery system
Wind-diesel-battery system
Sample Analysis (11)
21
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.50.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Cost of fuel in USD/liter (USD/gallon)
Pa
yba
ck fo
r re
ne
wa
ble
(ye
ars
)Sensitivity analysis of fuel cost and investment rate on renewable payback
(2.27) (2.65) (3.02) (3.40) (3.78) (4.16) (4.54) (4.91) (5.29) (5.67)
i = 0.03i = 0.04i = 0.05i = 0.06i = 0.07
i = 0.03
i = 0.07
Project BudgetThe total budget for this project is $371.4K with $80.0K as a subcontract to AEA. About 78% or $284.5K of the budget has been spent or encumbered.
Budget
Inception to Date
Activity Commitments Available
Balance Personal Services 110,257.00 88,220.65 0.00 22,036.35
Staff Benefits 24,758.00 20,049.89 0.00 4,708.11
Travel 12,000.00 8,096.27 88.24 3,815.49 Contractual Services 96,119.00 17,444.76 80,000.00 -1,325.76
Commodities 500.00 1,143.51 0.00 -643.51
Equipment 20,474.00 5,000.00 0.00 15,474.00
Student Aid 18,446.00 8,334.00 0.00 10,112.00
F & A cost 88,846.00 61,169.69 0.00 27,676.31
Miscellaneous 0.00 -5,025.77 0.00 5,025.77
Total 371,400.00 209,458.77 80,088.24 86,878.76
% Budget Encumbered 77.96% % Budget Available 23.39%
Project Budget
$0.00
$50,000.00
$100,000.00
$150,000.00
$200,000.00
$250,000.00
$300,000.00
$350,000.00
$400,000.00
Perso
nal S
ervic
es
Staff B
enefi
tsTra
vel
Contra
ctual
Servic
es
Commodit
ies
Equipm
ent
Stude
nt Aid
F & A
cost
Miscell
aneo
usTota
l
Inception to Date Activity
Commitments
Available Balance
Budget
22
Future Work• Data Management: Storage, Format, and Web
Access• Data Collection & Analysis: New remote monitoring
sites (electrical, thermal, and meteorological data)• Select new villages for remote monitoring installs• Consortium of AK Rural Utilities and Industry
Partners: Meeting/Workshop at AK Rural Energy Conference in April 2007
• Remote Supervisory Control of Village Power Systems for Management and Optimization (Future Project)
23